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Thelephorales
The Thelephorales are an order (biology), order of fungi in the class (biology), class Agaricomycetes. The order includes corticioid fungi, corticioid and hydnoid fungi, together with a few polypores and clavarioid fungi, clavarioid species. Most fungi within the Thelephorales are ectomycorrhizal. None is of any great economic importance, though ''Sarcodon imbricatus'' is edible and commercially marketed, whilst several species have been used for craft dyeing. Taxonomy History Though "the Thelephorales" were referred to in passing by E.J.H. Corner in 1968, the order was not formally published till 1976 when German mycologist Franz Oberwinkler first described it as encompassing the family (biology), families Thelephoraceae and Bankeraceae. As originally conceived, species within the order had diverse basidiocarp (fruit body) forms, but shared several features in common, notably similarities in basidiospore shape (most having spiny to warted, often lobed spores) and similarities in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bankeraceae
The ''Bankeraceae'' are a family of fungi in the order Thelephorales. Taxa are terrestrial, and ectomycorrhizal with plant species in families such as Pinaceae or Fagaceae. The family was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 6 genera and 98 species. Genera The family consists of the following genera: * '' Bankera'' * '' Boletopsis'' * '' Corneroporus'' * '' Hydnellum'' * '' Phellodon'' * ''Sarcodon ''Sarcodon'' is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales The Thelephorales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes corticioid and hydnoid fungi, together with a few ...'' References External links * * Thelephorales Basidiomycota families {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydnoid Fungi
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus ''Hydnum'' ("hydnoid" means ''Hydnum''-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related. History ''Hydnum'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. It contained all species of fungi with fruit bodies bearing pendant, tooth-like projections. Subsequent authors described around 900 species in the genus. With increasing use of the microscope, it became clear that not all tooth fungi were closely related and most ''Hydnum'' species were gradually moved to other genera. The Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus paid particular attention to the group, producing a series of papers reviewing the taxonomy of hydnoid fungi. The original genus ''Hydnum'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyozellus Multiplex
''Polyozellus multiplex'' is a species of fungus first described in 1899, and is commonly known as the blue chanterelle, the clustered blue chanterelle, or, in Alaska, the black chanterelle. The distinctive fruit body of this species comprises blue- to purple-colored clusters of vase- or spoon-shaped caps with veiny wrinkles on the undersurface that run down the length of the stem. It was considered the monotypic species of ''Polyozellus'' until recent molecular work split the species complex into five species. The genus name is derived from the Greek ''poly'' meaning ''many'', and ''oz'', meaning ''branch''. The specific epithet ''multiplex'' means "in many pieces", referring to the compound nature of the fruit body. ''P. multiplex'' may be found growing on the ground in coniferous forests, usually under spruce and fir trees. It is an edible species, and has been harvested for commercial purposes. ''P. multiplex'' contains the bioactive compound polyozellin, shown to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thelephoraceae
The Thelephoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Thelephorales. This grouping of mushrooms is commonly known as the "leathery earthfans". Genera The family includes the following eight genera: * '' Amaurodon'' * '' Hypochnus'' * '' Lenzitopsis'' * '' Polyozellus'' * '' Pseudotomentella'' * '' Skepperia'' * ''Thelephora'' * ''Tomentella ''Tomentella'' is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Thelephoraceae. The genus is ectomycorrhizal, and widespread, with about 80 species according to a 2008 estimate, although many new species have since been described. ''Tomentella'' was ...'' References External links * * Thelephorales Basidiomycota families Taxa named by François Fulgis Chevallier Taxa described in 1826 {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricomycetes
The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales and Sebacinales. It includes not only mushroom-forming fungi, but also most species placed in the deprecated taxa Gasteromycetes and Homobasidiomycetes. Within the subdivision Agaricomycotina, which already excludes the smut and rust fungi, the Agaricomycetes can be further defined by the exclusion of the classes Tremellomycetes and Dacrymycetes, which are generally considered to be jelly fungi. However, a few former "jelly fungi", such as ''Auricularia'', are classified in the Agaricomycetes. According to a 2008 estimate, Agaricomycetes include 17 orders, 100 families, 1147 genera, and about 21000 species. Modern molecular phylogenetic analyses have been since used to help define several new orders in the Agaricomycetes: Amylocorticiales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcodon Imbricatus
''Sarcodon imbricatus'', commonly known as the shingled hedgehog or scaly hedgehog, is a species of tooth fungus in the order Thelephorales. The mushroom is edible. Many sources report it has a bitter taste, but others have found it delicious and suspect that the bitter specimens may be similar related species. The mushroom has a large, brownish cap with large brown scales and may reach 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. On the underside it sports greyish, brittle teeth instead of gills, and has white flesh. Its spore print is brown. It is associated with spruce ('' Picea''), appearing in autumn. It ranges throughout North America and Europe, although collections from the British Isles are now assigned to the similar species '' Sarcodon squamosus''. Taxonomy The Swedish botanist Olof Celsius reported in 1732 that ''Sarcodon imbricatus'' occurred in the vicinity of Uppsala, and Carl Linnaeus wrote of it in his 1737 work ''Flora lapponica''. It was one of the species initially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypores
Polypores are a group of fungi that form large fruiting bodies with pores or tubes on the underside (see Delimitation for exceptions). They are a morphological group of basidiomycetes-like gilled mushrooms and hydnoid fungi, and not all polypores are closely related to each other. Polypores are also called bracket fungi or shelf fungi, and they characteristically produce woody, shelf- or bracket-shaped or occasionally circular fruiting bodies that are called conks. Most polypores inhabit tree trunks or branches consuming the wood, but some soil-inhabiting species form mycorrhiza with trees. Polypores and the related corticioid fungi are the most important agents of wood decay, playing a very significant role in nutrient cycling and aiding carbon dioxide absorption by forest ecosystems. Over one thousand polypore species have been described to science, but a large part of the diversity is still unknown even in relatively well-studied temperate areas. Polypores are much more dive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thelephora Terrestris
''Thelephora terrestris'' is an inedible species of fungus in the Basidiomycota phylum. It is commonly known by the name Common Fiber Vase because of its circular and overlapping cap. As well, it has also been called the Earthfan fungus. History and taxonomy This fungus was first described by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart in 1787. Habitat and ecology Throughout North America and Europe ''Thelephora terrestris'' can be found in soil. It is commonly found in sandy soils under pine trees, on roots and twigs. This ectomycorrhizal fungus forms a symbiotic relationship known as mycorrhizae, especially with ''Pinus'' species. It is commonly found in pine forests as well as plant nursery soils world wide. This fungi is known to get water and nutrients from far away and being capable of growing in both low fertility and high fertility soils. It is a dominant mycorrhizal fungus, re-establishes quickly after disturbances such as forest fire, and is considered stress tolerant. Outside of the ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticioid Fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus '' Corticium'' ("corticioid" means ''Corticium''-like) and subsequently to the family ''Corticiaceae'', but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papersLarsson K-H, Larsson E, Koljalg U. (2004). High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid homobasidiomycetes. ''Mycological Research'' 108: 983–1002. and other texts. History The genus ''Corticium'' was established by Persoon in 1794 for fungi having smo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thelephora Palmata
''Thelephora palmata'' ( commonly known as the stinking earthfan or the fetid false coral) is a species of clavarioid fungus in the family Thelephoraceae. The fruit bodies are leathery and coral-like, with branches that are narrow at the base before widening out like a fan and splitting into numerous flattened prongs. The wedge-like tips are whitish when young, but darken as the fungus matures. The common names of the fungus refers to its pungent odor, likened to fetid garlic. A widely distributed but uncommon species, it is found in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America, where it fruits on the ground in both coniferous and mixed forest. Taxonomy The species was first described in 1772 by Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, as ''Clavaria palmata''. Elias Fries transferred it to the genus ''Thelephora'' in 1821. The species has several synonyms, resulting from several generic transfers in its taxonomic history, including ''Ramaria'' by Johan Theodor Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcodon Squamosus
''Sarcodon squamosus'' is a species of fungus in the genus ''Sarcodon''. It is an edible mushroom that was previously regarded as a subspecies of ''Sarcodon imbricatus''. For many years, ''S. imbricatus'' was described associated with both spruce and pine, although the latter forms were smaller and noted to be more palatable by mushroom hunters in Norway. Molecular analysis of the DNA revealed the two forms to be distinct genetically, and thus populations of what had been described as ''S. imbricatus'' were now assigned to ''Sarcodon squamosus'', which includes collections in the British Isles and the Netherlands.The mushroom often grows in large fairy ring A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by ...s near pine heaths and in rocky flat soil. The cap is 10 to 15 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
