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Terek Cossack Host
The Terek Cossack Host (russian: Терское казачье войско, ''Terskoye kazach'ye voysko'') was a Cossack host created in 1577 from free Cossacks who resettled from the Volga to the Terek River. The local aboriginal Terek Cossacks joined this Cossack host later. In 1792 it was included in the Caucasus Line Cossack Host and separated from it again in 1860, with the capital of Vladikavkaz. In 1916 the population of the Host was 255,000 within an area of 1.9 million desyatinas. Early history It is unclear how the first Cossack community appeared on the Terek. One theory is that they were descendants of the Khazar state and of the Tmutarakan Principality, as there are records indicating that Mstislav of Tmutarakan in the Battle of Listveno in 1023 had Cossacks on his side when he destroyed the army of Yaroslav the Wise. This would mean the Slavic peoples of the Caucasus are native to the region having settled there much earlier.) But later Terek Cossacks assimilated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossack Host
A Cossack host ( uk, козацьке військо, translit=kozatske viisko; russian: каза́чье во́йско, ''kazachye voysko''), sometimes translated as Cossack army, was an administrative subdivision of Cossacks in the Russian Empire. Earlier the term ''viisko'' ( host) referred to Cossack organizations in their historical territories, most notable being the Zaporozhian Host of Ukrainian Cossacks. Russian Empire Each Cossack host consisted of a certain territory with Cossack settlements that had to provide military regiments for service in the Imperial Russian Army and for border patrol. Usually the hosts were named after the regions of their location. The ''stanitsa'', or village, formed the primary unit of this organization. In the Russian Empire (1721-1917), the Cossacks constituted eleven separate hosts, settled along the frontiers: * the Don Cossack Host * the Kuban Cossack Host * the Terek Cossack Host * the Astrakhan Cossack Host * the Ural Cossac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voevoda
Voivode (, also spelled ''voievod'', ''voevod'', ''voivoda'', ''vojvoda'' or ''wojewoda'') is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Hungarian, Balkan or some Slavic-speaking populations. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ''voivode'' was interchangeably used with ''palatine''. In the Tsardom of Russia, a voivode was a military governor. Among the Danube principalities, ''voivode'' was considered a princely title. Etymology The term ''voivode'' comes from two roots. is related to warring, while means 'leading' in Old Slavic, together meaning 'war leader' or 'warlord'. The Latin translation is for the principal commander of a military force, serving as a deputy for the monarch. In early Slavic, ''vojevoda'' meant the , the military leader in battle. The term has also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunzha River
The Sunzha ( rus, Су́нжа, p=ˈsunʐə, inh, Шолжа, Sholʒə, ce, Соьлжа, Sölƶa, p=sɥølʒə) is a river in North Ossetia, Ingushetia and Chechnya, Russia, a tributary of the Terek. It flows northeast inside the great northwest bend of the Terek River and catches most of the rivers that flow north from the mountains before they reach the Terek. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The Sunzha rises on the Northern slope of the Caucasus Major. Its major tributaries are the Assa and Argun. With a turbidity of , it carries 12.2 million tons of alluvium per year. It is used for irrigation. Cities that lie on the Sunzha include Nazran, Karabulak, Grozny (the capital of Chechnya), and Gudermes. During the First and Second Chechen Wars, the destruction of petroleum reservoirs caused the Sunzha to become polluted with petroleum. Nomenclature The origin of the name of the river is disputed. The most probable of versions name Sunzha has come from Mongo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan The Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan was the son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. He was appointed grand prince after his father's death, when he was three years old. A group of reformers known as the "Chosen Council" united around the young Ivan, declaring him tsar (emperor) of all Rus' in 1547 at the age of 16 and establishing the Tsardom of Russia with Moscow as the predominant state. Ivan's reign was characterised by Russia's transformation from a medieval state to an empire under the tsar but at an immense cost to its people and its broader, long-term economy. During his youth, he conquered the khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan. After he had consolidated his power, Ivan rid himself of the advisers from the "Chosen Council" and triggered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temryuk
Temryuk ( rus, Темрю́к, p=tʲɪmˈrʲʉk) is a town and the administrative center of Temryuksky District in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Taman Peninsula on the right bank of the Kuban River not far from its entry into the Temryuk Bay, amid a field of mud volcanoes. The seaport of Temryuk is situated from the town itself. Population: 41,413 (2020), 26,600 (1975). History Tens of thousands of years ago, the Azov Sea was much larger and covered the delta of the Kuban River. Deposition of silt by the Kuban gradually pushed out the sea and shaped the delta with numerous shallow estuaries. Frequent eruptions of the mud volcanoes contributed to this deposition process. There are about 25 mud volcanoes in the area and some are still active. Situated close to the site of ancient Tmutarakan, Temryuk was vied by various powers as a vantage point at the mouth of the Kuban River. The first recorded settlement on the site was Tumnev, a Tatar fortress, which passed to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endirey
Endirey (russian: Эндирей; OKATO: 82254815001) is a village (''selo'') in the Khasavyurt District of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia. It is the center of the Endireyskoe Rural Settlement and has a population of 7,863 (2015). Endirey - important historical center of the Kumyks. Its current head is Salavatov Rustam Abdulvagidovich. Name Endirey is an ancient original Kumyk name. It was adopted by Daghestan in 1991, replacing the Soviet name Andreyaul (). Under Imperial Russia, its name had been Andreyevo (, ''Andreevo'') after an early Cossack leader who supposedly settled there, a Russian source quotes many alleged explanations. Former spellings include Enderi, Enderee, Indiri and al-Indiri, Andreeva, and Andreewa. It has also been known as Andreevskii Awul. Location Endirey lies at the foot of Mount Tshumlu on the Aktash River near Khasavyurt, just north of the Caucasus and just east of the Chechen border. It lies about south of Kizliar and has a mean eleva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreyevo (Daghestan)
Endirey (russian: Эндирей; OKATO: 82254815001) is a village (''selo'') in the Khasavyurt District of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia. It is the center of the Endireyskoe Rural Settlement and has a population of 7,863 (2015). Endirey - important historical center of the Kumyks. Its current head is Salavatov Rustam Abdulvagidovich. Name Endirey is an ancient original Kumyk name. It was adopted by Daghestan in 1991, replacing the Soviet name Andreyaul (). Under Imperial Russia, its name had been Andreyevo (, ''Andreevo'') after an early Cossack leader who supposedly settled there, a Russian source quotes many alleged explanations. Former spellings include Enderi, Enderee, Indiri and al-Indiri, Andreeva, and Andreewa. It has also been known as Andreevskii Awul. Location Endirey lies at the foot of Mount Tshumlu on the Aktash River near Khasavyurt, just north of the Caucasus and just east of the Chechen border. It lies about south of Kizliar and has a mean eleva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yermak Timofeyevich
Yermak Timofeyevich ( rus, Ерма́к Тимофе́евич, p=jɪˈrmak tʲɪmɐˈfʲejɪvʲɪtɕ; born between 1532 and 1542 – August 5 or 6, 1585) was a Cossack ataman and is today a hero in Russian folklore and myths. During the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Yermak started the Russian conquest of Siberia. Russians' fur-trade interests fueled their desire to expand east into Siberia. The Tatar Khanate of Kazan was established by Ulugh Muhammad as the best entryway into Siberia. In 1552, Ivan the Terrible's modernized army toppled the khanate.Lincoln, p. 30 After the takeover of Kazan, the tsar looked to the powerful and affluent Stroganov merchant family to spearhead the eastward expansion. In the late 1570s, the Stroganovs recruited Cossack fighters to invade Asia on behalf of the tsar.Lincoln, p. 40 These Cossacks elected Yermak as the leader of their armed forces, and in 1582 Yermak set out with an army of 840 to attack the Khanate of Sibir.Lincoln, p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kumyks
, image = Abdul-Wahab son of Mustafa — a prominent Kumyk architect of the 19th century. , population = near 600,000 , region1 = , pop1 = 503,060 , ref1 = , region2 = , pop2 = 10,000 , ref2 = , region3 = , pop3 = 718 , ref3 = , langs = Kumyk language , region4 = , pop4 = 1200 , ref4 = , region5 = , pop5 = 481 , ref5 = , region6 = , pop6 = 360 , ref6 = , region7 = , pop7 = 33 , ref7 = [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotnia
Sotnia (Ukrainian and ) was a military unit and administrative division in many Slavic countries. Sotnia, deriving back to 1948, has been used in a variety of contexts in both Ukraine and Russia to this day. It is a helpful word to create short names for groups including the Nebesna Sotnia and Terek Wolf Sotnia, stating that these groups do include 100-150 persons. The military unit analog and most meaningful translation for the English-speaking world would be a company. Its significance can be notice its nationalist impact within the 16th-18th century Cossacks Ukrainian People’s Republic, Ukrainian National Army, and during Euromaidan. Sotnia can also be referred to as half-sotnia which is a more diminutive unit of people. This typically consists of around 50 people. In Russian history, was also a unit of some other (civil) organizations, see Сотня. History and application Cossacks As a unit of the Cossack regiments, it is known from the earliest records of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Shadrin (Cossack)
Andrei or Andreya Shadrin (russian: Андрей Шадрин) was a Cossack leader who founded a fortress at Endirey Endirey (russian: Эндирей; OKATO: 82254815001) is a village (''selo'') in the Khasavyurt District of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia. It is the center of the Endireyskoe Rural Settlement and has a population of 7,863 (2015). Endirey ... in the late 16th century.. It was named Andreyevo or Andreyaul in his honor until 1991. This story may be a folk tale. Baddeley, citing no source, says that in 1579 Yermak, “Andreya Shadrin” and another outlaw took counsel at the mouth of the Volga. Yermak went north, Andreya went south and fortified “Terkee’’ and later settled at the present Enderey. He identifies Terkee with a previous “Tioumen” on the lower Terek. yumen (:ru:Тюмень (Северный Кавказ)) was destroyed by flood and replaced by Terkee or Tersky Gorod. Yermak started for Siberia some time between 1579 and 1582.] Barret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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