Temryuk ( rus, Темрю́к, p=tʲɪmˈrʲʉk) is a

town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...

and the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...

of Temryuksky District in

Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of t ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, located on the

Taman Peninsula The Taman Peninsula (russian: Тама́нский полуо́стров, ''Tamanskiy poluostrov'') is a peninsula in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia, which borders the Sea of Azov to the North, the Strait of Kerch to the West and the ...

on the right bank of the

Kuban River The Kuban; Circassian: Псыжъ, ''Psyẑ'' or Псыжь, ''Psyź'' ; abq, Къвбина, ''Q̇vbina'' ; Karachay–Balkar: Къобан, ''Qoban''; Nogai: Кобан, ''Qoban'') is a river in Russia that flows through the Western Caucas ...

not far from its entry into the

Temryuk Bay The Temryuk Bay (russian: Темрюкский залив, ''Temryuksky zaliv'') is a gulf or bay of the Sea of Azov located on the northern coast of the Taman Peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It extends roughly 27 km inland and is 60 ...

, amid a field of

mud volcano A mud volcano or mud dome is a landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases. Several geological processes may cause the formation of mud volcanoes. Mud volcanoes are not true igneous volcanoes as they do not produce lava ...

es. The

seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ham ...

of Temryuk is situated from the town itself. Population: 41,413 (2020), 26,600 (1975).

History

Tens of thousands of years ago, the

Azov Sea The Sea of Azov ( Crimean Tatar: ''Azaq deñizi''; russian: Азовское море, Azovskoye more; uk, Азовське море, Azovs'ke more) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, ...

was much larger and covered the delta of the

. Deposition of

silt Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water. Silt usually has a floury feel when ...

by the Kuban gradually pushed out the sea and shaped the delta with numerous shallow estuaries. Frequent eruptions of the mud volcanoes contributed to this deposition process. There are about 25 mud volcanoes in the area and some are still active. Situated close to the site of ancient

Tmutarakan Tmutarakan ( rus, Тмутарака́нь, p=tmʊtərɐˈkanʲ, ; uk, Тмуторокань, Tmutorokan) was a medieval Kievan Rus' principality and trading town that controlled the Cimmerian Bosporus, the passage from the Black Sea to the Se ...

, Temryuk was vied by various powers as a vantage point at the mouth of the Kuban River. The first recorded settlement on the site was Tumnev, a

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

fortress, which passed to the Genoese merchants in the 14th century. It was known as Copa until occupied by the

Crimean Khanate The Crimean Khanate ( crh, , or ), officially the Great Horde and Desht-i Kipchak () and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary ( la, Tartaria Minor), was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to ...

in 1483. The Russians, allied with a local potentate,

Temryuk of Kabardia Temryuk Idar or Temroqwa Idar ( Adyghe: Айдарыкъо Темырикъу) was a prince of the Circassian Kabardian princedom and its head of power for part of the sixteenth century. His fame was largely due to the association of his name with ...

, captured Tumnev and built a fortress called New Temryuk there. The Crimean Tatars retook the fort in 1570; it was known as Adis for a century to come. In the 18th century, the site was settled by the

Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

, whose ''

stanitsa A stanitsa ( rus, станица, p=stɐˈnʲitsə; uk, станиця, stanytsya) is a village inside a Cossack host ( uk, військо, viys’ko; russian: казачье войско, kazach’ye voysko, sometimes translated as "Cossack Arm ...

'' was incorporated as the town of Temryuk in 1860. . The Germans took the Kuban Gorge (General Konrad Pass) and the town of Temyruk in 1942–43.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Temryuk serves as the

of Temryuksky District.Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated within Temryuksky District as the

Town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...

of Temryuk. As a municipal division, the Town of Temryuk is incorporated within Temryuksky Municipal District as Temryukskoye Urban Settlement.Law #685-KZ

Gallery

File:Трактир в музее.JPG, Voyennaya Gorka, a military vehicle museum on the slope of a mud volcano in Temryuk File:Танк в Темрюке.JPG, A memorial devoted to the Defense of Temryuk during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

File:Катер.JPG, A World War II motor gun boat on exhibit at Voyennaya Gorka File:Танк Т-34..jpg, T-34 tank on a pedestal on a military hill at Temryuk File:Wheels BTR.jpg, BTR specified in the Military Museum Hill File:Танк Т-34, установленный в честь воинов-танкистов, гора Мыска.jpg, The T 34-85 exhibition at the Museum of Military Hill File:Mountain "Miska".jpg, General view of the mountains "Miska" which is a museum of "Voennaya Gorka"

References

Notes

Sources

* *

External links

* {{Authority control Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai History of Kuban Port cities and towns of the Azov Sea Port cities and towns in Russia