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Tenmoku
''Tenmoku'' (天目, also spelled "temmoku" and "temoku") is a type of Japanese pottery and porcelain that originates in imitating Chinese stoneware Jian ware (建盏) of the southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), original examples of which are also called ''tenmoku'' in Japan. Shapes are simple and bold, with tea bowls the most typical. The emphasis is on the ceramic glaze, where a number of distinct effects can be produced, some including an element of randomness that has a philosophical appeal to the Japanese. The tea-masters who developed the Japanese tea ceremony promoted the aesthetic underlying ''tenmoku'' pottery. History ''Tenmoku'' takes its name from the Tianmu Mountain (天目 Mandarin: ''tiān mù''; ja, ten moku; en, Heaven's Eye) temple in China where iron-glazed bowls were used for tea. The style became widely popular during the Song dynasty. In Chinese it is called ''Jian Zhan'' (建盏), which means "Jian (tea)cup". According to chronicles in 1406, the ...
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Chawan Tenmoku
A ''chawan'' (; literally "tea bowl") is a bowl (vessel), bowl used for preparing and drinking tea. Many types of ''chawan'' are used in East Asian tea ceremonies. The choice of their use depends upon many considerations. History The ''chawan'' originated in China. The earliest ''chawan'' in Japan were imported from China between the 13th and the 16th centuries. The ''Jian ware, Jian chawan'', a Chinese tea bowl known as ''Tenmoku chawan'' in Japan, was the preferred tea bowl for the Japanese tea ceremony until the 16th century. In Japan, tea was also mainly drunk from this Chinese variety of tea bowls until about the 15th century. The Japanese term ''tenmoku'' is derived from the name of the Tianmu Mountain, where Japanese priests acquired these tea bowls from Chinese temples to bring back to Japan, according to tradition. An 11th-century resident of Fujian wrote about the Jian ware, Jian tea wares: : By the end of the Kamakura period (1185–1333), as the custom of tea dri ...
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