Tekstaro De Esperanto
The Tekstaro de Esperanto (''Corpus of Esperanto'') is a text corpus of the Esperanto language, a large collection of very diverse texts for linguistic research on Esperanto. , the corpus has texts with a total of 5,177,208 words. History In 2002 the Esperantic Studies Foundation (ESF) started the project to support linguistic study of Esperanto. ESF hired Bertilo Wennergren to plan and create the first phase of the project, which finished at the end of April 2003. Wennergren was aided by Ilona Koutny, Jouko Lindstedt, Carlo Minnaja, Christopher Gledhill, and Mauro La Torre. In 2006 planning of the Parola tekstaro de Esperanto (''Speech corpus A speech corpus (or spoken corpus) is a database of speech audio files and text transcriptions. In speech technology, speech corpora are used, among other things, to create acoustic models (which can then be used with a speech recognition or spea ... of Esperanto'') was started. References External links * Interview with Bertilo W ...
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Text Corpus
In linguistics, a corpus (plural ''corpora'') or text corpus is a language resource consisting of a large and structured set of texts (nowadays usually electronically stored and processed). In corpus linguistics, they are used to do statistical analysis and hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory. In search technology, a corpus is the collection of documents which is being searched. Overview A corpus may contain texts in a single language (''monolingual corpus'') or text data in multiple languages (''multilingual corpus''). In order to make the corpora more useful for doing linguistic research, they are often subjected to a process known as annotation. An example of annotating a corpus is part-of-speech tagging, or ''POS-tagging'', in which information about each word's part of speech (verb, noun, adjective, etc.) is added to the corpus in the form of ''tags''. Another example is indicating the lemma (ba ...
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Esperanto
Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communication, or "the international language" (). Zamenhof first described the language in ''Dr. Esperanto's International Language'' (), which he published under the pseudonym . Early adopters of the language liked the name ''Esperanto'' and soon used it to describe his language. The word translates into English as "one who hopes". Within the range of constructed languages, Esperanto occupies a middle ground between "naturalistic" (imitating existing natural languages) and ''a'priori'' (where features are not based on existing languages). Esperanto's vocabulary, syntax and semantics derive predominantly from languages of the Indo-European group. The vocabulary derives primarily from Romance languages, with substantial contributions from Germa ...
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Esperantic Studies Foundation
The Esperantic Studies Foundation, abbreviated ESF is a non-profit organisation initiated in 1968 by Jonathan Pool, E. James Lieberman and Humphrey Tonkin, with the aim to further the understanding and practice of linguistic justice in a multicultural world, with a special focus on the study of interlinguistics and the role of Esperanto. Under the banner "For linguistic justice in a multicultural world," ESF supports education and research programs that promote linguistic justice and equality. ESF aims to create environments in which languages are treated as equal and communication occurs in a non-discriminatory manner and to develop and support excellence in scholarship, education and interlingual communication. Its priorities and values are shaped through engagement with the worldwide community of Esperanto speakers, as well as with researchers, educators and activists in many language-related fields. ESF's current president is Humphrey Tonkin. The interlinguistic support fun ...
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Bertilo Wennergren
Bertilo Wennergren ( sv, Bertil Wennergren; ; born 4 October 1956) is a Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ... Esperantist currently living in the village of Schossin in northern Germany. Life Having spoken Esperanto since 1980, he became a member of the Akademio de Esperanto, Esperanto Academy in 2001 and holds the post of director of the Academy's General Dictionary section. He is author of the books ''Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko'' (Complete Manual of Esperanto Grammar) and ''Landoj kaj lingvoj de la mondo'' (Lands and Languages of the World). He is also the author of a Swedish language, Swedish-language book to teach Esperanto. Wennergren was a member of the Amplifiki band, and is now a member of Persone. In 2002 he married the Esperantist Birke D ...
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Ilona Koutny
Ilona Koutny (born 1 March 1953 in Budapest) is a Hungarian linguist and Esperantist. She works as a professor in Poznań, Poland. In 2008, she was honoured as "Esperantist of the Year" by the magazine ''La Ondo de Esperanto''. Life Koutny studied linguistics at Budapest's Eötvös Loránd University, where she also received her doctorate. There she gave language lessons and developed the "ESPAROL" system for the Esperanto language. After the death of Professor István Szerdahelyi, she took over his chair of Esperanto and Linguistics at Eötvös University in 1987. Koutny also taught computational linguistics. After moving to Poland, she habilitated at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (UAM) in 2009. The following year she took over the chair of Finno-Ugristics and became a professor in 2011. There she taught Hungarian language and linguistics at the Linguistic Institute of Mickiewicz University in Poznań (PL), where she founded the postgraduate programme in Interlingu ...
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Jouko Lindstedt
Jouko Lindstedt (born in 1955) is a Finnish linguist and a professor at the University of Helsinki. Lindstedt is a member of the Academy of Esperanto and was nominated as the Esperantist of the Year in 2000 (with Hans Bakker and Mauro La Torre ) by The Wave of Esperanto. The number of Esperanto speakers In 1996 Jouko Lindstedt estimated the number of speakers of Esperanto, saying: * 1 000 have Esperanto as a native language. * 10 000 speak it fluently, as if natively. * 100 000 can use Esperanto for effective communication. * 1 000 000 know the elements of it. Lindstedt explains that these are very imprecise figures; they mean, for example, that ''"if it is estimated the number of native Esperanto speakers only in hundreds, it may be too little, but there is not many thousands of them."'' According to feedback from Lindstedt, Edmund Grimley Evans Edmund is a masculine given name or surname in the English language. The name is derived from the Old English elements ''ēad'', m ...
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Carlo Minnaja
Carlo Minnaja (born 19 March 1940) is a retired professor of Mathematics, a native Esperanto speaker, and Esperanto translator, author and researcher. He authored many books about Esperanto, in Esperanto and Italian, including a vocabulary of Esperanto, and is a member of the Akademio de Esperanto. Academic career Minnaja graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics from the University of Pisa in 1963. He earned his doctorate in Mathematics at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and began his academic career as a professor at the Accademia Navale di Livorno in 1965. In 1973, Minnaja became a mathematics professor in the University of Padua's Engineering Department. He taught the courses "Mathematics for Electrical Engineering," "History of Mathematics," and "Linear Algebra and Geometry for Information Engineering." Between 1979 and 1994, he was a member of the Scientific Council of Institute of Computational Linguistics of Pisa. On a Fulbright scholarship, in 1983 an ...
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Christopher Gledhill
Christopher is the English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or '' Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Christ" or "Anointed", and φέρειν (''phérein''), "to bear"; hence the "Christ-bearer". As a given name, 'Christopher' has been in use since the 10th century. In English, Christopher may be abbreviated as "Chris", "Topher", and sometimes " Kit". It was frequently the most popular male first name in the United Kingdom, having been in the top twenty in England and Wales from the 1940s until 1995, although it has since dropped out of the top 100. The name is most common in England and not so common in Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. People with the given name Antiquity and Middle Ages * Saint Christopher (died 251), saint venerated by Catholics and Orthodox Christians * Christopher (Domestic of the Schools) (fl. 870s), Byzantine general * Christopher Lekapenos (died 931 ...
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Mauro La Torre
Mauro may refer to: Given name * Mauro (footballer, born 1932), Brazilian footballer * Mauro Silva (footballer, born 1978), Brazilian footballer * Mauro (footballer, born 1984), Portuguese footballer * Bruno Mauro (born 1973), Angolan footballer * Fra Mauro (15th century), Venetian monk and mapmaker * Mauro Barella (born 1956), Italian pole vaulter * Mauro Blanco (born 1965), Bolivian footballer * Mauro Camoranesi (born 1976), Italian football manager and former player * Mauro Díaz (born 1991), Argentine footballer * Mauro Esposito (born 1979), Italian footballer * Mauro Eustáquio (born 1993), Canadian soccer player * Mauro Giuliani (1781–1829), Italian guitarist and composer * Mauro Hamza, fencing coach * Mauro Icardi (born 1993), Argentine footballer * Mauro Pagani (born 1946), Italian musician * Mauro Pawlowski (born 1971), Belgian musician * Mauro Prosperi (born 1955), Italian police officer and pentathlete * Mauro Ramos (1930–2002), Brazilian footballer * Mauro R ...
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Parola Tekstaro De Esperanto
Parola is an urban area in the municipality of Hattula in Finland. It is located 110 kilometres north of Helsinki. Cities nearby include Hämeenlinna, Tampere, Lahti and Forssa Forssa is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located almost in the centre of a triangle defined by the three largest major cities in Finland (Helsinki, Turku and Tampere), in the Tavastia Proper region, and which is crossed by Highway 2 ...