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Tatyana Sumarokova
Tatyana Nikolaevna Sumarokova (russian: Татьяна Николаевна Сумарокова; 16 September 1922 28 May 1997) was a Soviet navigator and Guard Lieutenant in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment during the Second World War. Rejected for the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1945 after completing 725 sorties, she was eventually awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation in 1995. Early life Sumarokova was born on 16 September 1922 to a Russian family. After graduating from secondary school in 1939 she entered the 1st Moscow State Medical Institute where she studied until the start of the war. Initially she remained a civilian and worked in the construction of defensive fortifications around Moscow. She eventually got word that women were being recruited for aviation units, and non-pilot staff were needed, so she and her friend Khiuaz Dospanova made an appointment to meet with Marina Raskova, who at their meeting asked if she was willing to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its name. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taman Peninsula
The Taman Peninsula (russian: Тама́нский полуо́стров, ''Tamanskiy poluostrov'') is a peninsula in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia, which borders the Sea of Azov to the North, the Strait of Kerch to the West and the Black Sea to the South. History The area has evolved over the past two millennia from a chain of islands into today's peninsula. In ancient times the peninsula was known to the Greeks as ''Sindikè chersònesus'' (Greek: Σινδική χερσόνησος, peninsula of the Sindi) and Pontic Greek colonies of Hermonassa and Phanagoria stood on the peninsula, as did the later city of Tmutarakan."Greek colonization in the northern Black Sea area" German Archaeological Institute. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yekaterina Ryabova
Yekaterina Vasilevna Ryabova (russian: Екатерина Васильевна Рябова; 14 July 1921 – 12 September 1974) was a Soviet World War II navigator awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 23 February 1945 for her World War II bombing missions. She attained the rank of senior lieutenant as a member of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment, flying 890 night missions in a Polikarpov Po-2. Early life Ryabova was born in 1921 to a Russian peasant family in Gus-Zhelezny, currently located in Ryazan, Russia. After graduating from secondary school she enrolled in the MSU Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics where she studied until the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In 1943 she became a member of the Communist Party. Military career Ryabova entered the Engels military aviation school in October 1941 to become a navigator in the 588th Night Bomber Regiment, one of the three women's aviation regiments founded by Marina Raskova. The navigation course ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raisa Aronova
Raisa Yermolayevna Aronova (russian: Раиса Ермолаевна Аронова; 10 January 1920 – 20 December 1982) was a Soviet Polikarpov Po-2 navigator and pilot of the Night Witches, 588th Night Bomber Regiment, later renamed 46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment during World War II. She received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 15 May 1946 for completing 914 night bombing missions against Axis forces. Early life Aronova was born in 1920 to a Russian peasant family; her father, who was a railway employee, abandoned the family in 1936. Her mother worked as a washerwoman and was poorly educated, but Aronova went on to complete secondary school in 1938, and became a recipient of the Voroshilov Sharpshooter badge. She then applied to the air force, but was rejected. She was eventually accepted into the Saratov Institute of Agriculture and studied at the local OSOAVIAKhIM aeroclub in her spare time before moving to Moscow, after which she continued flight training at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow State University Of Printing Arts
Moscow State University of Printing Arts of Ivan Fedorov (MSUPA (MGUP in Russian); former name: Moscow Polygraphic Institute, Moscow State Academy of Printing) is Russia's largest university in the field of preparing specialists in printing and publishing. History Founded in 1930 as the Moscow Polygraphic Institute (MPI) based printing department of the Moscow and Leningrad VHUTEIN. Initially, the MPI was administered Polygraphic union of the RSFSR Supreme Economic Council, was then subject to Narkommestpromu RSFSR, and the second half of 1930 - ASBMP (associations of state books and magazine publishers) of the RSFSR. In 1949, the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR established a scholarship named after Ivan Fedorov for students MPI. At the same time in connection with the dissolution of Ogiz MPI over by the Glavpoligrafizdata USSR. In 1993, the MPI was transformed into the Moscow State Academy of Printing (MSAP). In 1997 it received excellent marks and was given university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Rokossovsky
Konstantin Konstantinovich (Xaverevich) Rokossovsky (Russian: Константин Константинович Рокоссовский; pl, Konstanty Rokossowski; 21 December 1896 – 3 August 1968) was a Soviet and Polish officer who became a Marshal of the Soviet Union, a Marshal of Poland, and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his removal in 1956 during the Polish October. He became one of the most prominent Red Army commanders of World War II. Born in Warsaw (in present-day Poland; then Vistula Land, part of the Russian Empire), Rokossovsky served in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. In 1917 he joined the Red Guards (Russia), Red Guards and in 1918 the newly-formed Red Army; he fought with great distinction during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. Rokossovsky held senior commands until 1937 when he fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, during which he was branded a traitor, imprisoned and probably tortured. After Soviet failures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Vershinin
Chief marshal of the aviation Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin (russian: Константин Андреевич Вершинин; 3 June 1900 – 30 December 1973) was commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Force from 1946 to 1949 and from 1957 to 1969. He was commander of the 4th Air Army in World War II, and for his actions, he was awarded the distinction of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944. At the outbreak of the Bolshevik Revolution, he left his work in a sawmill to enter the Red Army. In 1929, he was sent to the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy located in Moscow. In 1946 — as Commander-in-chief of Air Force — Deputy Ministry of Defence of the USSR. He supervised the Air Force transition to the jet era. He was promoted to Marshal of Aviation (3 July 1946). In September 1949 unexpectedly lowed in grade and appointed chief commander of Baku PVO Region. He was commander of the 14th Air Army in the Ukrainian SSR from February to September 1950.http://generals.dk/general/Vers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hero Of The Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. Overview The award was established on 16 April 1934, by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. The first recipients of the title originally received only the Order of Lenin, the highest Soviet award, along with a certificate (грамота, ''gramota'') describing the heroic deed from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Because the Order of Lenin could be awarded for deeds not qualifying for the title of hero, and to distinguish heroes from other Order of Lenin holders, the Gold Star medal was introduced on 1 August 1939. Earlier heroes were retroactively eligible for these items. A hero could be awarded the title again for a subsequent heroic feat with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariya Smirnova
Mariya Vasilyevna Smirnova (russian: Мария Васильевна Смирнова; 31 March 1920 – 10 July 2002) was a squadron commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (nicknamed the "Night Witches") of the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War. For her actions during the war, she was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on 26 October 1944. Early life Smirnova was born on 31 March 1920 to a Karelian peasant family in Vorobyovo village. After attending a school in her village until the age of thirteen she moved to the city of Kalinin (Tver), where she studied at the Likhoslavl Pedagogical School for three years, graduating in 1936 before she briefly worked as a schoolteacher in Playuzhye. She then moved to Kalinin, where she trained at the local aeroclub in addition to teaching kindergarten. Soon after graduating from flight training in 1939 as the only female cadet in her class, she stopped working as a schoolteacher in March 1940 to become a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-aircraft Warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes Surface-to-air missile, surface based, subsurface (Submarine#Armament, submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defense, Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight. In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the World War II, Second World War, the Soviet Union, and modern NATO a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vera Tikhomirova
Vera Ivanovna Tikhomirova (russian: Вера Ивановна Тихомирова; 30 September 1918 14 October 2002) was a deputy squadron commander in the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (dubbed the "Night Witches") and one of nine women awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Early life Tikhomirova was born in 1918 to the family of a blacksmith. After completing her seventh grade of school she attended trade school before working at a textile factory. Originally she dreamed of becoming a ballerina, but after seeing an issue of Smena magazine featuring women pilots she dreamt of becoming one. While employed at the factory she attended a local glider school, which helped her secure admission into a flight academy. After graduating from the Bataisk First Red Banner School of the Civil Air Fleet named after Baranov she became certified as a 4th class civil air fleet pilot and was assigned to a job based in Odessa delivering airmail. World War II Upon the German invasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guards Unit
Guards units (russian: Гвардия, translit=Gvardiya) were elite units and formations in the Soviet Armed Forces that continue to exist in the Russian Armed Forces and other post-Soviet states. These units were awarded Guards status after distinguishing themselves in wartime service, and are considered to have elite status. The Guards designation originated during World War II, its name coming both from the Russian Imperial Guard, and the old Bolshevik Red Guards. History The title of Guards within the Soviet Armed Forces was first introduced on 18 September 1941, at the direction of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command ( Stavka). By order No. 308 of the People's Commissar of Defence, the 100th, 127th, 153rd and 161st Rifle Divisions were renamed the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Guards Rifle Divisions, respectively, for their distinguished service during the 1941 Yelnya Offensive. The Soviet 316th Rifle Division was renamed the 8th Guards Rifle Division on 18 Nove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
