Talaromyces Islandicus

	Talaromyces Islandicus ''Penicillium islandicum'' is an anamorph species of the genus of ''Penicillium'' which produces luteoskyrin Luteoskyrin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης , "fungus" and τοξίνη , "toxin") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of kingdom Fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both human ..., simatoxin, cyclochlorotine, rugulosin, islanditoxin and chitosanase. Further reading * * * * * * * * * References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10622959 islandicum Fungi described in 1912 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Anamorph In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs. Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph. Dual naming of fungi Fungi are classified primarily based on the structures associated with sexual reproduction, which tend to be evolutionarily conserved. However, many fungi reproduce only asexually, and cannot easily be classified based on sexual characteristics; some produce both asexual and sexual states. These problematic species are often members of the Ascomycota, but a few of them belong to the Basidiomycota. Even among fungi that reproduce both sexually and asexually, often only one method of reproduction can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Penicillium ''Penicillium'' () is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species. Taxonomy The genus was first described in the scientific literature by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in his 1809 work ''Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales''; he wrote, "''Penicillium. Thallus e floccis caespitosis septatis simplicibus aut ramosis fertilibus erectis apice penicillatis''", where ''penicillatis'' means "having tufts of fine hair". Link included three species—'' P. candidum'', '' P. expansum'', and '' P. glaucum''—all of which produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Luteoskyrin Luteoskyrin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης , "fungus" and τοξίνη , "toxin") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of kingdom Fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. The term 'mycotoxin' ... with the molecular formula C30H22O12 which is produced by the mold '' Penicillium islandicum''. Luteoskyrin has strong cytotoxic effects. Luteoskyrin can cause the yellow rice disease. References Further reading * * * * Mycotoxins Polycyclic organic compounds {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cyclochlorotine Cyclochlorotine (CC), also known as islanditoxin is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus '' Penicillium islandicum'' that causes liver damage and has carcinogenic properties. Japanese researchers confirmed that it was one of three strains of ''Penicillin'' fungi responsible for yellowed rice. It is listed as an IARC Group 3 carcinogen. Chemically, it is a dichlorinated cyclic peptide. Structurally, the only thing that differentiates cyclochlorotine from the plant-derived astins of ''Aster tataricus'', is replacement of a serine Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated − form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated − form un ... with a second 2-aminobutyrate. Cyclochlorotine are one of the toxins usually found in foods in the grains group like rice , wheat, soybeans, peanuts , beans, bread and flour etc. Such foods serve as mediu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rugulosin Rugulosin is an anthraquinoid mycotoxin with the molecular formula C30H22O10 which is produced by ''Penicillium'' species. Rugulosin is hepatotoxic Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn fro ... and is cancerogenic. References Further reading * * * * * * * * Mycotoxins {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Islanditoxin Cyclochlorotine (CC), also known as islanditoxin is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus '' Penicillium islandicum'' that causes liver damage and has carcinogenic properties. Japanese researchers confirmed that it was one of three strains of ''Penicillin'' fungi responsible for yellowed rice. It is listed as an IARC Group 3 carcinogen. Chemically, it is a dichlorinated cyclic peptide. Structurally, the only thing that differentiates cyclochlorotine from the plant-derived astins of ''Aster tataricus'', is replacement of a serine Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated − form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated − form un ... with a second 2-aminobutyrate. Cyclochlorotine are one of the toxins usually found in foods in the grains group like rice , wheat, soybeans, peanuts , beans, bread and flour etc. Such foods serve as mediu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Chitosanase Chitosanase () is an enzyme with systematic name ''chitosan N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase''. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : Endohydrolysis of beta-(1->4)-linkages between D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1→4)-linked Glucosamine, D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-Acetylglucosamine, ''N''-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). It is made by treating the chitin shell ... A whole spectrum of chitosanases are known. References External links * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 3.2.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]