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Typhlonectidae
Typhlonectidae, also known as aquatic caecilians or rubber eels, are a family of caecilians found east of the Andes in South America. They are viviparous animals, giving birth to young that possess external gills. Of the five genera in the family, ''Atretochoana'', ''Potamotyphlus'' and ''Typhlonectes'' are entirely aquatic, while ''Chthonerpeton'' and ''Nectocaecilia'' are semiaquatic. ''Atretochoana'' reaches in length, but other species in the family range from . Taxonomy *Genus ''Atretochoana'' **''Atretochoana eiselti'' *Genus ''Chthonerpeton'' **''Chthonerpeton arii'' **''Chthonerpeton braestrupi'' **''Chthonerpeton exile'' **''Chthonerpeton indistinctum'' **''Chthonerpeton noctinectes'' **''Chthonerpeton onorei'' **''Chthonerpeton perissodus'' **''Chthonerpeton viviparum'' *Genus ''Nectocaecilia'' **''Nectocaecilia petersii'' *Genus ''Potamotyphlus'' **''Potamotyphlus kaupii'' *Genus ''Typhlonectes'' **''Typhlonectes compressicauda'' **''Typhlonectes natans ''Typhlon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atretochoana
''Atretochoana eiselti'' is a species of caecilian originally known only from two preserved specimens discovered by Sir Graham Hales in the Brazilian rainforest, while on an expedition with Sir Brian Doll in the late 1800s, but rediscovered in 2011 by engineers working on a hydroelectric dam project in Brazil. Until 1998, it was known only from the type specimen in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Originally placed in the genus ''Typhlonectes'' in 1968, it was reclassified into its own monotypic genus, ''Atretochoana'', in 1996. It was also found to be more closely related to the genus ''Potamotyphlus'' than ''Typholonectes''. The species is the largest of the few known lungless tetrapods, and the only known lungless caecilian. Description ''A. eiselti'' is the largest tetrapod to lack lungs, double the size of the next largest. Caecilians such as ''Atretochoana'' are limbless amphibians with snake-like bodies, marked with rings like those of earthworms. It has significan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnophiona
Caecilians (; ) are a group of limbless, vermiform or serpentine amphibians. They mostly live hidden in the ground and in stream substrates, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. Caecilians are mostly distributed in the tropics of South and Central America, Africa, and southern Asia. Their diet consists of small subterranean creatures such as earthworms. All modern caecilians and their closest fossil relatives are grouped as a clade, Apoda , within the larger group Gymnophiona , which also includes more primitive extinct caecilian-like amphibians. The name derives from the Greek words γυμνος (''gymnos'', naked) and οφις (''ophis'', snake), as the caecilians were originally thought to be related to snakes. The body is cylindrical dark brown or bluish black in colour. The skin is slimy and bears grooves or ringlike markings. Description Caecilians completely lack limbs, making the smaller species resemble worms, while the larger species, with lengths up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhlonectidae
Typhlonectidae, also known as aquatic caecilians or rubber eels, are a family of caecilians found east of the Andes in South America. They are viviparous animals, giving birth to young that possess external gills. Of the five genera in the family, ''Atretochoana'', ''Potamotyphlus'' and ''Typhlonectes'' are entirely aquatic, while ''Chthonerpeton'' and ''Nectocaecilia'' are semiaquatic. ''Atretochoana'' reaches in length, but other species in the family range from . Taxonomy *Genus ''Atretochoana'' **''Atretochoana eiselti'' *Genus ''Chthonerpeton'' **''Chthonerpeton arii'' **''Chthonerpeton braestrupi'' **''Chthonerpeton exile'' **''Chthonerpeton indistinctum'' **''Chthonerpeton noctinectes'' **''Chthonerpeton onorei'' **''Chthonerpeton perissodus'' **''Chthonerpeton viviparum'' *Genus ''Nectocaecilia'' **''Nectocaecilia petersii'' *Genus ''Potamotyphlus'' **''Potamotyphlus kaupii'' *Genus ''Typhlonectes'' **''Typhlonectes compressicauda'' **''Typhlonectes natans ''Typhlon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonerpeton Exile
''Chthonerpeton exile'' is a species of caecilian in the family Typhlonectidae. It is endemic to Brazil, and only known from its imprecise type locality "Bahia". Only one specimen is known and now lost. The specific name ''exile'', form Latin ', refers to the "relatively slender, delicate shape of the body and head." The common name Bahia caecilian has been coined for this species. Description The holotype is an adult female measuring in total length. The body is slender, dorsoventrally compressed (distinctly flattened along the last 4 cm) and wide. There are 88 primary annuli (segments). The snout is bluntly rounded in dorsal view and flattened in lateral view. The eyes are dorsolaterally oriented, covered by epidermis, and not directly visible. The coloration is relatively uniform. Where the outer epidermis has been lost, the color is rich brown dorsally, grading to a paler brown ventrally. Where the epidermis is intact, the color is closer to slate-gray than brown, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potamotyphlus
''Potamotyphlus kaupii'' (also known as Kaup's caecilian) is a species of amphibian in the family Typhlonectidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Potamotyphlus''. It is found widely in the Amazon Basin and The Guianas in South America.Oliveira; Meneghell; Messias; Gomes; and Coragem (2012). ''First Record of Potomotyphlus kaupii (Berthold, 1859) (Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) for the state of Rondônia, Brazil.'' Herpetology Notes 5: 155-156 It is an entirely aquatic species and typically ranges between in length.Vitt, L.J.; and Caldwell, J.P. (2013). ''Herpetology, Fourth Edition: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles'', p. 453. References Typhlonectidae Monotypic amphibian genera Amphibians of Brazil Amphibians of Colombia Amphibians of Ecuador Amphibians of Peru Amphibians of Venezuela Amphibians described in 1859 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Caecilian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonerpeton Perissodus
''Chthonerpeton perissodus'' is a species of caecilian in the family Typhlonectidae. It is endemic to Minas Gerais, Brazil, and only known from its imprecise type locality, Rio Pandeiro. Only three specimens are known. The common name Minas Gerais caecilian has been coined for this species. Description The type series consists of three specimens. The holotype is an adult male measuring in total length. One paratype is a female, either maturing or mature, measuring , whereas the other one is poorly preserved and of unknown sex, measuring about . The body is dorsoventrally flattened and wide. There are 95–101 primary annuli (segments). The head is bluntly rounded. The eyes are dorsolaterally oriented and covered by epidermis. The coloration is relatively uniform, slate gray dorsally and slightly lighter ventrally. There are numerous whitish skin glands present throughout the body. The specific name ''perissodus'' refers to the high number of premaxillary-maxillary teeth compar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonerpeton
''Chthonerpeton'' is a genus of semiaquatic amphibians in the family Typhlonectidae. They occur in South America east of the Andes. Species ''Chthonerpeton'' contains the following species: * ''Chthonerpeton arii'' Cascon and Lima-Verde, 1994 * ''Chthonerpeton braestrupi'' Taylor, 1968 * ''Chthonerpeton exile'' Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987 * ''Chthonerpeton indistinctum'' (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862) * ''Chthonerpeton noctinectes'' Silva, Britto-Pereira, and Caramaschi, 2003 * ''Chthonerpeton onorei'' Nussbaum, 1986 * ''Chthonerpeton perissodus'' Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987 * ''Chthonerpeton tremembe'' Maciel, Leite, Silva-Leite, Leite, and Cascon, 2015 * ''Chthonerpeton viviparum ''Chthonerpeton viviparum'' is a species of caecilian in the family Typhlonectidae. It is endemic to southern Brazil and only known from the vicinity of Joinville, in the eastern Santa Catarina State Santa Catarina (, ) is a state in the So ...'' Parker and Wettstein, 1929 References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectocaecilia
''Nectocaecilia petersii'' is a species of semiaquatic amphibian in the family Typhlonectidae. It belongs to the monotypic genus ''Nectocaecilia''. This species is found in Venezuela and possibly Brazil and Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers, and it is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... This species has a number of distinct traits that illustrate that it is a burrowing vertebrate, including its very small eyes and long, thin body. References Typhlonectidae Monotypic amphibian genera Amphibians described in 1882 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Caecilian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhlonectes Compressicauda
''Typhlonectes compressicauda'', the Cayenne caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Typhlonectidae that lives in water. It is found in Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Colombia as well as in Guyana and French Guiana, and likely Suriname, and according to some sources, Venezuela. It is an aquatic caecilian that inhabits permanent rivers and marshes mainly in the lowland forest zone. Description The Cayenne caecilian is an elongated, dark grey, black or steely blue amphibian with no limbs. The body is flattened laterally and has a number of transverse folds, giving it a segmented appearance. A long fin runs along its back, and it grows to a length of . It has a more highly derived morphology than some more primitive species, showing differences in lung structure, the reproductive organs, and the kidneys. Distribution The Cayenne caecilian occurs in South America, including the Amazon basin and river systems in the Guianas. It is found at altitudes of up to above sea level. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonerpeton Viviparum
''Chthonerpeton viviparum'' is a species of caecilian in the family Typhlonectidae. It is endemic to southern Brazil and only known from the vicinity of Joinville, in the eastern Santa Catarina State Santa Catarina (, ) is a state in the South Region of Brazil. It is the 7th smallest state in total area and the 11th most populous. Additionally, it is the 9th largest settlement, with 295 municipalities. The state, with 3.4% of the Brazili .... The common name Santa Catarina caecilian has been coined for it. ''Chthonerpeton viviparum'' is an aquatic species living in standing bodies of water. However, its ecology is poorly known. It might be threatened by water pollution from agricultural and industrial sources. References viviparum Endemic fauna of Brazil Amphibians of Brazil Taxa named by Hampton Wildman Parker Taxa named by Otto von Wettstein Amphibians described in 1929 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Caecilian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonerpeton Onorei
''Chthonerpeton onorei'' is a species of amphibian in the family Typhlonectidae, endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow un ...s and ditches. Originally the specie was limited to only southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina.Then in 1984 and 1985 two specimens were collected by Dr. G. Onore in Ecuador and this helped extend the known range of the species. This discovery extended the range of the species by 4,250 km northwest from southern Brazil. References * Amphibians described in 1986 onorei Amphibians of Ecuador Endem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonerpeton Indistinctum
''Chthonerpeton indistinctum'' is a species of caecilian in the family Typhlonectidae. It is found in northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southeastern Brazil. The common name Argentine caecilian has been coined for it. Description ''Chthonerpeton indistinctum'' is a snakelike amphibian with no limbs. It can grow to about . The body has 70 to 80 transverse folds, giving it a segmented appearance. The head has a pair of sensory tentacles between the nostrils and the eyes, and this area of skin is white. The body is black above and dark grey beneath, both with tiny white flecks. The flat, disc-like area surrounding the cloaca is creamy white. Distribution and habitat ''C. indistinctum'' is found in Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina at altitudes ranging up to . It is partially terrestrial and partly aquatic, possibly having annual migrations. When on land, it mostly stays close to the river bank, but occasionally ventures some way from water. Occasionally, it gets wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
