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Type (designation)
The word "type" followed by a number is a common way to name a weapon or product in a production series, similar in meaning to " mark". "Type" was used extensively by the Japanese and Chinese militaries beginning in the 1920s, and is still in current use by the militaries of both nations. The United Kingdom uses a type number system for much of their military equipment. Many other nations use the word "type" to designate products in a series. Japan The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) began using the Type-Number System in 1921 to designate aircraft accepted for production. The numbers used after the word "Type" were based on the number of years that the Emperor Taishō had reigned. Since his reign began in 1912, an aircraft ordered into production in 1921 would have been called "Type 10", the tenth year of the emperor's reign. At the end of 1926, the emperor died, leaving his son Hirohito as the Emperor Shōwa, and the numbering system was reset to mark the new emperor's reign. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark (designation)
The word ''mark'', followed by number, is a method of designating a version of a product. It is often abbreviated as Mk or M. This use of the word possibly originates from the use of physical marks made to measure height or progress. Furthermore, by metonymy the word mark is used to note a defined level of development or a product (business)#Product model, model number. The kind of products that use this convention vary widely in complexity. The concept shares some similarities with the ''type'' designation (in hardware), also called ''software versioning'': 1.0+ (1.1, 1.12, 2.0, 3.0, etc.), used to designate general software product releases, and other version control schemas. Thus designations like "Mark I", "Mark II", "Mark III", "Mark IV", etc. come to be used as proper names for persons and products. Application ''Mark'' refers to a mark on the modification plate of a system, component or machine. Modification plates are used to identify which modifications have already b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorian Calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years slightly differently to make the average calendar year 365.2425 days long rather than the Julian calendar's 365.25 days, thus more closely approximating the 365.2422-day tropical year, "tropical" or "solar" year that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. The rule for leap years is that every year divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are divisible by 100, except in turn for years also divisible by 400. For example 1800 and 1900 were not leap years, but 2000 was. There were two reasons to establish the Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar was based on the estimate that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Military Aircraft Designation Systems
The Japanese military aircraft designation systems for the Imperial period (pre-1945) had multiple designation systems for each armed service. This led to the Allies' use of code names during World War II, and these code names are still better known in English-language texts than the real Japanese names for the aircraft. A number of different schemes were simultaneously in use. Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service The used several different aircraft designation systems simultaneously. Between 1931 and 1945, aircraft had ''Shi'' numbers designating the specification they were designed to. They also had a long form of Type and Model Number system used between 1920 and 1943, a short designation system akin to that of the United States Navy in use between the late 1920s and 1945, a system of popular names introduced to replace type numbers from 1943 through 1945. Specification ''Shi'' numbers Japanese Navy specifications from 1931 were given an experimental, or ''Shi'' (試) number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type System Of The Royal Navy
The Type system is a classification system used by the British Royal Navy to classify surface escorts by function. The system evolved in the early 1950s, when the Royal Navy was experimenting with building single-purpose escort vessels with specific roles in light of experience gained in World War II. The original (July 1950) numbering scheme was: Type 1X were Anti-Submarine (ASW) frigates (when the numbers ran out in the 1960s, ASW frigates continued as the Type 2X series). Type 3X were General-Purpose (GP) frigates (Chosen 2015) Type 4X were Anti-Aircraft (AAW) frigates (this later evolved into the "Destroyer" Type series). Type 6X were Aircraft-Direction (ADW) frigates. Type 8X were multi-role ships. An Admiralty Fleet Order defined these ships as "destroyers" if they could achieve "fleet speed" or as " sloops" if they could not. Types 11-30, anti-submarine frigates * Type 11 : Diesel powered anti-submarine frigate based on hull of Type 41 / 61. Not built. * Type 12 ''Whitby' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early Middle Ages, medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Kingdom of France, France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the English Navy of the early 16th century; the oldest of the British Armed Forces, UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service. From the early 18th century until the World War II, Second World War, it was the world's most powerful navy. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire, and four Imperial fortress colonies and a string of imperial bases and coaling stations secured the Royal Navy's ability to assert naval superior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sino Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is considered part of World War II, and often regarded as the beginning of World WarII in Asia. It was the largest Asian war in the 20th century and has been described as The Asian Holocaust, in reference to the scale of Japanese war crimes against Chinese civilians. It is known in China as the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On 18 September 1931, the Japanese staged the Mukden incident, a false flag event fabricated to justify their invasion of Manchuria and establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. This is sometimes marked as the beginning of the war. From 1931 to 1937, China and Japan engaged in skirmishes, including in Shanghai and in Northern China. Chinese Nationalist and Communist forces, respectively led by Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, had fought ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauser Standardmodell
The Standardmodell rifle (also known as Mauser Model 1924 or Mauser Model 1933) is a bolt-action rifle designed to chamber the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge. The rifle was developed in 1924 but entered full-scale production in 1933. Officially designed for export and German security guards, it was used by the paramilitary Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS). Export variants were used in South America, Ethiopia, China and the Iberian Peninsula. The carbine version of this rifle was almost identical with the ''Karabiner 98k'' that became the standard German service rifle during World War II. Design It was a derivative of the ''Gewehr 98'' or Mauser Model 1898, produced in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. It featured combined features of the '' Karabiner 98AZ'' and ''Gewehr 98'' versions. The barrel was only -long, comparable to the barrel of the ''Karabiner 98AZ''. The rifle had a new iron sight line, with a tangent rear sight graduated from to , with increments. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiang Kai-shek Rifle
The Type Chiang Kai-shek rifle ( zh, t=中正式, p= , l=), also known as the Generalissimo rifle, and Type 24 (二四式), named after the Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, was a Chinese-made version of the German Mauser Standardmodell, Standardmodell rifle, the forerunner of the Karabiner 98k. Preproduction of the Chiang Kai-shek rifle started in 1935 (year 24 of the Republican calendar, hence Type 24). It was designated the Type 79 by the Communist Party of China, Chinese Communists. The rifle was in full-scale production as early as late 1935. However, full standardization for the production of the Type Chiang Kai-shek rifle only started during the Second Sino-Japanese war and the Hanyang 88 rifle was produced in greater numbers. History The weapon served as one of the main battle rifles for the Chinese National Revolutionary Army (NRA, or Nationalists). Like the Karabiner 98k, it was a shortened and lightened version of the Gewehr 98, specifically, the Oberndorf Expo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FN Minimi
The FN Minimi (short for ; "mini machine gun") is a Belgian 5.56mm or 7.62mm light machine gun, also classified as a squad automatic weapon developed by Ernest Vervier for FN Herstal. Introduced in the late 1970s, it is in service in more than 75 countries. The weapon is manufactured at the FN facility in Herstal and their U.S. subsidiary FN Manufacturing LLC. The Minimi fires from an open bolt. It is an air-cooled, gas operated long-stroke piston weapon that is capable of fully automatic fire only. It can be belt fed or fired from a magazine. The Minimi is configured in several variants: the Standard model as a platoon or squad support weapon, the shortened Para version for paratroopers and the Vehicle model as secondary armament for fighting vehicles. Design details Operating mechanism The Minimi uses a gas-actuated long-stroke piston system. The barrel is locked with a rotary bolt, equipped with two massive locking lugs, forced into battery by a helical camming guide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T65 Assault Rifle
The T65 (聯勤 Type 65) is an assault rifle developed and manufactured by the Combined Logistics Command of the Republic of China Armed Forces, Republic of China (Taiwan) Armed Forces in Taiwan.https://sadefensejournal.com/the-history-of-taiwans-military-assistance-to-central-america/ Originally patterned after the Armalite AR-18 that has a gas operated, short-stroke gas system, the prototype unveiled in 1975 showed a rifle that is heavily influenced by the M16 rifle, AR-15 family of rifles, albeit with modified iron sights, a reshaped stock, and redesigned handguards. The designated number '65' refers to the Minguo calendar, Year 65 of the Republic of China calendar, Republic of China (Taiwan) (1976), the year the rifle's design was finalized. The T65 series served as the standard issue weapon for front-line usage of the Republic of China Army, Republic of China (Taiwan) Army and the Republic of China Marine Corps, Republic of China (Taiwan) Marine Corps until being replaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
