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Turkish Civil Code (1926)
Turkish civil code ( tr, Türk Medeni Kanunu) is one of the earliest laws in the history of Turkey within the scope of Turkish reforms. Background During the Ottoman Empire, the legal system of Turkey was Sharia like other Muslim countries. A committee headed by Ahmet Cevdet Pasha in 1877 compiled the rules of Sharia. Although this was an improvement, it still lacked modern concepts. Besides two different legal systems were adopted; one for the Muslim and the other for the non Muslim subjects of the empire. After the proclamation of Turkish Republic on 29 October 1923, Turkey began to adopt modern laws. Preparation The Turkish parliament formed a committee to compare the civil codes of European countries. Austrian, German, French and Swiss civil codes were examined Finally on 25 December 1925 the commission decided on the Swiss civil code as a model for the Turkish civil code. The Turkish Civil Code was enacted on 17 February 1926. The preamble to the Code was written by Mahmu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a East Thrace, small portion on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turkish people, Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its list of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently Settler, settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
Mahmut Esat Bozkurt (1892 – 21 December 1943) was a Turkish jurist, politician, government minister and academic. His birth name was Mahmut Esat. But after the adaptation of the Turkish Surname Law in 1934, he chose the surname ''Bozkurt'' in remembrance of the Grey Wolf, a symbol for Turkdom. The surname also refers to the Turkish steamer ''S.S. Bozkurt'' in the Lotus case. He was in the intellectual environment of the Turkish Hearths for almost two decades. Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2006). Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.).p.24 Life Mahmut Esat was born to Hasan Bey of Hacı Mahmutoğulları in Kuşadası, Aydın Vilayet during the Ottoman Empire era in 1892. His family came to Kuşadası from Mora as refugees because of the Greek uprising. His father, Hasan Bey, became mayor of Kuşadası in 1900. He finished the idadi (high school) in İzmir in 1908. The same year he entered the Istanbul University's School of Law, from which he graduated in 1912. He traveled to Fribourg, Switze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 In Turkey
Events in the year 1926 in Turkey.Türkiye'nin 70 yılı, Tempo, İstanbul, 1998, pp 30–36 Parliament * 2nd Parliament of Turkey Incumbents *President – Kemal Atatürk *Prime Minister – İsmet İnönü * Ruling party and the main opposition * Ruling party – Republican People's Party (CHP) Cabinet * 4th government of Turkey Events *1 January –Turkey began using international calendar and timing instead of the traditional one *17 February – Civil code *1 March – Modern criminal code *18 March – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake, with a maximum intensity of VIII (''Severe''), occurs in the Mediterranean Sea southwest of Kaş in the Antalya Province. Some people are killed. *11 April – Partial mobilization as a precaution after a speech of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini *19 April – Modern Cabotage law *22 April – Modern Obligations code *29 May – Modern Commercial code *5 June – Treaty concerning the future of Mosul (Which was a part of Turkey at the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Müfide İlhan
Müfide İlhan (19 February 1911 – 2 February 1996) was a mayor of Mersin, Turkey in the early 1950s. She is known as being the first woman mayor in Turkey. Early life Müfide İlhan was born on 19 February 1911 in İstanbul.Kudret Ünal:''Müfide İlhan'', Tarsus Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, Tarsus, 2013 ,p.11 Her father was Mustafa Nazif, an army officer and her mother was Emine, a homemaker. She was only four years of age when her father Nafiz fell at Conk Bayırı during the Gallipoli campaign in the World War I. After the war, she was sent to Ankara, where she completed her elementary education. After the liberation of İstanbul, she moved to İstanbul and completed her secondary education in the Kandilli High School for Girls. In 1928 she finished teachers' college. After finishing the college she began serving as a teacher in İstanbul. First marriage In 1928 she married Nuri Çetinkaya an army officer. She accompanied her husband in various Turkish cities such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatı Çırpan
Hatı Çırpan (formerly Satı Kadın, 1890 – March 21, 1956) was a Turkish politician, one of the first female members of the parliament in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, elected in the 1935 general elections. Life She was born in the village of Kahramankazan in 1890. Her father and mother were Kara Mehmet Efendi and Emine Hanım. She was the wife of a soldier who was wounded in the throat during the Balkan War. She was the mother of five children. She worked as a farmer and village headman after her father. On October 26, 1933, after women were given the right to be mukhtars, she won the elections for the village headman of Kazan and became one of the first female mukhtars in Turkey. Just before the Second Language Congress (''İkinci Türk Dil Kurultayı'', 18–23 August 1934), on July 16, 1934, President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk left Ankara for an excursion to the village of Kazan (at the time part of Kızılcahamam district of Ankara Province),A. Afetinan, ''Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gülkız Ürbül
Gülkız Ürbül (1901–1990) was a Turkish woman who became the first female muhtar ( village chief) in Turkey in 1933. She later on changed her name to Gül Esin Aydın. Background Up to 1930, women had no political rights in Turkey. Beginning in 1930, they gained suffrage in local elections by Act no. 1580, dated 3 April 1930. Three years later, by Act no. 2349, dated 26 October 1933, the eligibility for the post of muhtar was also included in suffrage. Two weeks later, Ürbül was elected the muhtar in Demircidere village of the Çine ilçe (district) in Aydın Province, marking the first time a woman was elected a political office in Turkey. (The village of Demircidere was later declared a district named Karpuzlu.) Election and service term In the 1930s, Gülkız Ürbül was one of the few literate village women in Turkey. During the First World War and Turkish War of Independence, she had lost her husband and five of her six brothers. In the election campaign, she ran agai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygamy
Crimes Polygamy (from Late Greek (') "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, sociologists call this polygyny. When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry. In contrast to polygamy, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like "monogamy", the term "polygamy" is often used in a ''de facto'' sense, applied regardless of whether a state recognizes the relationship.For the extent to which states can and do recognize potentially and actual polygamous forms as valid, see Conflict of marriage laws. In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use ''polygamy'' in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating. Worldwide, different societies variously encourage, accept or outlaw polygamy. In societies which allow or tolerate polygamy, in the vast majority of cases the form accepted is polygyny. According to the ''Ethnographic A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Government Of Turkey
The 4th government of Turkey (3 March 1925 – 1 November 1927) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called ''the third İnönü government''. Background The government was formed after the previous government led by Fethi Okyar fell following the Sheikh Said rebellion.''Türkiye'nin 75 yılı,'' Tempo Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998 The new prime minister was İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was also the prime minister of the first two governments of Turkey The government In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". In 1925–1927, surnames were not in use in Turkey, which would remain true until the Surname Law. The surnames given in the list are the surnames the members of the cabinet assumed later. Aftermath On 1 November 1927, the president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Ke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preamble
A preamble is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute. It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law. In parliamentary procedure using Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution. Legal effect While preambles may be regarded as unimportant introductory matter, their words may have effects that may not have been foreseen by their drafters. France In France, the preamble to the constitution of the Fifth Republic of 1958 was considered ancillary and therefore non-bin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Civil Code
The Swiss Civil Code (SR/RS 210, german: Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB); french: Code civil suisse (CC); it, Codice civile svizzero (CC); rm, Cudesch civil svizzer) is a portion of the second part (SR/RS 2) of the internal Swiss law ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the codified law ruling in Switzerland and relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907 (effective since 1 January 1912). It was largely influenced by the German civil code, and partly influenced by the French civil code, but the majority of comparative law scholars (such as K. Zweigert and Rodolfo Sacco) argue that the Swiss code derives from a distinct paradigm of civil law. History and influences Adopted on 10 December 1907 (and is thus formally known as the ''Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907''), and in force since 1912. It was created by Eugen Huber, it was subsequently translated in the two other national languages (at the time Romans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a commercial code. History The history of codification dates back to ancient Babylon. The earliest surviving civil code is the Code of Ur-Nammu, written around 2100–2050 BC. The Corpus Juris Civilis, a codification of Roman law produced between 529 and 534 AD by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, forms the basis of civil law legal systems. Other codified laws used since ancient times include various texts used in religious law, such as the Law of Manu in Hindu law, Islamic Sharia law, the Mishnah in Jewish Halakha law, the Canons of the Apostles in Christian Canon law. European codes and influences on other continents Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
