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Tuqaq
Tuqaq, tr, Dukak bey, tk, Dukak beg or ''Dukak Temür Yalïgh'' is described as the father of Seljuk (warlord), Seljuq, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty, eponymous dynasty, in the Maliknamah tradition. Sources Maliknamah The Maliknamah, which was drafted during the reign of Tuqaq's great-great-grand-son Alp Arslan (r. 1063-1072) from oral lores, was perhaps the only significant text to document the earliest history of Seljuqs and Tuqaq, in particular. The relevant information was obtained from Amir Inanj Beg, a clan-elder with extensive knowledge of genealogies. Though the text is not extant, relevant extracts survive in a few works — ''The Complete History, al-Kāmil fit-Tārīkh'' by Ibn al-Athir [1231 CE], ''Aḵbār al-Dawlat al-Saljūqīya'' by Ibn Husayni [early 13th c], ''Bar Hebraeus#Historical, Chronicon Syriacum'' by Bar Hebraeus [mid 13th c.], and ''Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ'' by Mirkhvand [late 15th c.] Ibn al-Adim, Ibn al-Adim's ''Bughyat al-Talab fī Tārīkh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seljuk (warlord)
Seljuk Beg ( tr, Selçuk bey) fa, سلجوق ﺑﯿﮓ ''Saljūq''; also romanized ''Seldjuk'', ''Seldjuq'', ''Seljuq''; tk, Seljuk beg Dukag; "Çagry beg bilen Togrul beg Mykaýylyň ogullary, nesilbaşy Seljuk beg Dukagyň agtyklarydyr." az, Səlcuq bəy "Səlcuq bəy Oğuz dövlətində hərbi dəstə başçısı - subaşı vəzifəsi daşıyırdı." died 1007 or 1009) was an Oghuz Turkic warlord, eponymous founder of the Seljuk dynasty. Etymology The personal name Seljuk appears as "''Selcük''" in Mahmud al-Kashgari's ''Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk'' and the '' Book of Dede Korkut''. There are different theories about the etymology of Seljuk: * ''selçük'', meaning "small flood" * ''salçuk'', meaning "small float" * ''salçığ'', meaning "disputant" According to Caferoğlu (1993), the name was derived from the root ''sil-'' in Old Uyghur, meaning "clean". Although, the root of ''sil-'' was transformed as i > e, and that the name was created by adding the diminutive of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirjis Al-Makin Ibn Al-'Amid
Jirjis al-Makīn ( ar, جرجس امكين ; 1205–1273), known by his ''nisba'' Ibn al-ʿAmīd ( ar, بن العميد), was a Coptic Christian historian who wrote in Arabic. His name is sometimes anglicised as George Elmacin ( la, Georgius Elmacinus). Life The details of his life come from passages at the end of his own history. He was born in Cairo in Ayyubid Egypt in 1205. His full name in Arabic was Ğirğis (George) ibn Abī ūl-Yāsir ibn Abī ūl-Mukārīm ibn Abī ūṭ-Ṭayyib al-ʿAmīd al-Makīn ("the Powerful One"). His great grandfather was a merchant from Tikrit in Iraq who settled in Egypt. He was a Coptic Christian, and held high office in the military ('' dīwān al-ğayš'') in Cairo. Such a position carried risks. He was twice imprisoned, possibly because of links to the contemporary unrest in Syria at the time of the Mongol invasion; in one case for over a decade.Gawdat Gabra, ''Historical Dictionary of the Coptic Church'', Scarecrow Press (2008), . pp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
900s Deaths
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in . The mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khazar Military History
The Khazars ; he, כּוּזָרִים, Kūzārīm; la, Gazari, or ; zh, 突厥曷薩 ; 突厥可薩 ''Tūjué Kěsà'', () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people that in the late 6th-century CE established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan. They created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus. Khazaria long served as a buffer state between the Byza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seljuk Rulers , also called ''Seljuk''
{{disambiguation ...
Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (died c. 1038), founder of the Seljuk dynasty * Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (1060–1307), a medieval empire founded by later members of the dynasty See also * Seljuk Tower, the 11th tallest building in Turkey * ''Saljuq-nama'', a 12th-century history of the Great Seljuk Empire * Seljuki Khatun (died 1189), the wife of Caliph al-Nasir * '' Uyanış: Büyük Selçuklu'', a Turkish television series * Selçuk (other) * Salchuq language Salchuq (also Seljuk) is an extinct Turkic variety spoken in Iran. It was probably a dialect of Azerbaijani. The name comes from the Seljuk Turks, who brought Turkic dialects to Persia and Anatolia. It mostly likely broke off from the Oghuz lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkoman (ethnonym)
Turkoman (Middle Turkic languages, Middle Turkic: تُركْمانْ, ota, تركمن, Türkmen and ''Türkmân''; az, Türkman and ', tr, Türkmen, tk, Türkmen, Persian language, Persian: ترکمن sing. ''Turkamān'', pl. ''Tarākimah''), also called Turcoman and Turkman, is a term that was widely used during the Middle Ages for the people of Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic origin. Oghuz Turks were a western Turkic people that, in the 8th century A.D, formed a Oghuz Yabgu State, tribal confederation in an area between the Aral Sea, Aral and Caspian Sea, Caspian seas in Central Asia, and spoke the Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. ''Turkmen'', originally an exonym, dates from the High Middle Ages, along with the ancient and familiar name "Turkic peoples, Turk" (), and tribal names such as "Bayat (tribe), Bayat", "Bayandur", "Afshar (tribe), Afshar", "Kayi", and others. By the 10th century, Islamic sources were calling Oghuz Turks as Muslim Turkmens, as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic People
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily...". "The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages." According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia region, potentially in Mongolia or Tuva. Initially, Proto-Turkic speakers were potentially both hunter-gatherers and farmers, but later became nomadic Pastoralism, pastoralists. Early and Post-classical history, medieval Turkic groups exhibited a wide range of both East Asian and West-Eurasian physical appearances and genetic origins, in part through long-term contact with neighboring peoples such as Iranian peoples, Iranian, Mongolic peoples, Mongolic, Tocharians, Yeniseian people, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soubashi
The ''soubashi'' ( tr, subaşı, sq, subash, sh, subaša) was an Ottoman gubernatorial title used to describe different positions within Ottoman hierarchy, depending on the context. This title was given to Ottoman timar holders who generated more than 15,000 aspers per annum or to the assistants of the sanjak-bey. The term was also used for commander of the town or castle in Ottoman Empire, an ancient version of chief of police. A surname found among Balkan The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ... families, Subaša or Subašić, is derived from the title. References Sources * Gubernatorial titles Civil servants from the Ottoman Empire Turkish words and phrases Military ranks of the Ottoman Empire {{Ottoman-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clifford Edmund Bosworth
Clifford Edmund Bosworth Fellow of the British Academy, FBA (29 December 1928 – 28 February 2015) was an English historian and Orientalism, Orientalist, specialising in Arabic studies, Arabic and Iranian studies. Life Bosworth was born on 29 December 1928 in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire (now South Yorkshire). His father Clifford Bosworth, clerked for Board of Guardians before working for Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance, his mother was Gladys Constance Gregory. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in modern history from the St John's College, Oxford, before achieving an Master of Arts, MA in Middle Eastern studies and Doctor of Philosophy, PhD degrees from the University of Edinburgh. Before attending the University of Edinburgh, he worked for the Department of Agriculture for Scotland, where he met Annettee Ellen Todd, who he would go on to marry in Edinburgh on 19 September 1957, the couple would go on to have three daughters. He held permanent posts at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khazars
The Khazars ; he, כּוּזָרִים, Kūzārīm; la, Gazari, or ; zh, 突厥曷薩 ; 突厥可薩 ''Tūjué Kěsà'', () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people that in the late 6th-century CE established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan. They created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the Early Middle Ages, early medieval world, commanding the western March (territory), marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus. Khazari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oghuz Turks
The Oghuz or Ghuzz Turks (Middle Turkic languages, Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, ''Oγuz'', ota, اوغوز, Oġuz) were a western Turkic people that spoke the Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages, Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a Turkic tribal confederation, tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia. The name ''Oghuz'' is a Common Turkic word for "tribe". Byzantine Empire, Byzantine sources call the Oghuz the Uzes (Οὐ̑ζοι, ''Ouzoi''). By the 10th century, Islamic sources were calling them Muslim Turkmens, as opposed to Tengrist or Buddhist. By the 12th century, this term had passed into Byzantine usage and the Oghuzes were overwhelmingly Muslim. The term "Oghuz" was gradually supplanted among the Turks themselves by the terms ''Turkmen'' and ''Turkoman (ethnonym), Turcoman'', ( ota, تركمن, Türkmen or ''Türkmân'') from the mid-10th century on, a process which was completed by the beginn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luqman
Luqman ( ar, لقمان, Luqmān; also known as Luqman the Wise or Luqman al-Hakim) was a wise man after whom Surah Luqman, the 31st sura (chapter) of the Quran, was named. Luqman ( BC) is believed to have been from Nubia or from Egypt.Ibn Kathir, Hafiz, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar-us-Salam Publications, 2000 (original ~1370) There are many stories about Luqman in Persian, Arabic and Turkish literature, with the primary historical sources for his life being Tafsir ibn Kathir and ''Stories of the Qur'an'' by Ibn Kathir. While the Quran does not state whether Luqman was a prophet or not, some believe him to be a prophet and thus, add the honorific ʿAlaihis Salam (A.S.) after his name. Source of Luqman's wisdom According to the 12th ayah (verse) of Surah Luqman in the Qur'an, Luqman was bestowed with wisdom by Allah, al-Hakim (the Most Wise). According to a Hadith in the Muwatta of Imam Malik, Luqman was asked, "What has brought you to what we see?", referring to his high rank. L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
