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Tuditanomorpha
Tuditanomorpha is a suborder of microsaur lepospondyls. Tuditanomorphs lived from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian and are known from North America and Europe. Tuditanomorphs have a similar pattern of bones in the skull roof. Tuditanomorphs display considerable variability, especially in body size, proportions, dentition, and presacral vertebral count. Currently there are seven families of tuditanomorphs, with two being monotypic. Tuditanids, gymnarthrids, and pantylids first appear in the Lower Pennsylvanian. Goniorhynchidae, Hapsidopareiontidae, Ostodolepidae, and Trihecatontidae appear in the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian. Classification Suborder Tuditanomorpha *Family Goniorhynchidae **''Rhynchonkos'' *Family Gymnarthridae **''Cardiocephalus'' **''Elfridia'' **''Euryodus'' **''Leiocephalikon'' **''Pariotichus'' **''Sparodus'' *Family Hapsidopareiontidae **''Hapsidopareion'' **''Llistrofus'' **''Ricnodon'' **''Saxonerpeton'' *Family Ostodolepidae **' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricnodon
''Ricnodon'' is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family (biology), family Hapsidopareiontidae. The genus name means ‘wrinkled tooth’ from Ancient Greek ῥικνός and ''odôn''. The specific name honors Edward Drinker Cope.Anton Fritsch. 1879-1901. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Böhmens, vier Teile, Prague. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians References Microsauria Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hapsidopareiontidae
Hapsidopareiontidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Hapsidopareiontids are known from the Early Permian of the United States and possibly Germany and the Czech Republic. Hapsidopareiontids are characterized by a large temporal embayment near the cheek region in which the quadratojugal is greatly reduced or absent. Members of Ostodolepidae, another microsaur family, also possess temporal embayments, but they not as extensive as those of hapsidopareiontids, which extend into the skull roof. In hapsidopareiontids, the embayment may have provided space for an enlarged jaw adductor musculature, although certain characteristics of the skull do not support this idea. ''Hapsidopareion'' and ''Llistrofus'' both possess this embayment, but in ''Saxonerpeton ''Saxonerpeton'' is an extinct genus of microsaur of the family Hapsidopareiontidae. Fossils have been found from Early Permian strata near Dresden, Germany. See also * List of prehistoric amphibians This list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elfridia
''Elfridia'' is a poorly known extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae. History of study ''Elfridia'' was named in 1985 by American paleontologist David Thayer based on material collected from Carboniferous exposures of the Swisshelm Mountains in Arizona. The genus name is derived from the nearby town of Elfridia, and the species name, ''E. bulbidens,'' is with respect to the bulbous teeth of the animal (''bulbi-'' for 'bulbous' and ''-dens'' for 'tooth'). It is one of the oldest known 'microsaurs' and one of the few from the American southwest region. Anatomy The holotype of ''Elfridia'' is a left mandible. Several other tooth-bearing fragments and isolated postcranial elements are assigned to this taxon. It is diagnosed by having lingually recurved tips of the teeth that are positioned asymmetrically on the labial portion. There are nine to ten teeth on the mandible with a greatly enlarged tooth along the mid-length of the tooth row. Relationships Thay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuditanidae
Tuditanidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Fossils have been found from Nova Scotia, Ohio, and the Czech Republic and are Late Carboniferous in age. Tuditanids were medium-sized terrestrial microsaurs that resembled lizards. Postcranial material is best known from the genus '' Tuditanus'', showing that it had size, proportions, and skull configuration that were similar to captorhinids. Tuditanids have also developed an astragalus in the ankle (a reptilian feature) from the fusion of several other bones. In comparison to other microsaurs, tuditanids were short-bodied, with fewer than 30 presacral vertebrae. The limbs are large and well developed. Unlike other microsaurs such as gymnarthrids, the jaw articulation is at the posterior margin of the skull. The teeth are blunt and peg-like. Tuditanids are thought to have had a similar lifestyle to reptiles such as captorhinids. They were terrestrial and likely fed on insects and other small arthropods. The simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euryodus
''Euryodus'' is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae. References See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... Gymnarthrids {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leiocephalikon
''Leiocephalikon'' is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae. The type species is ''Amblyodon problematicum'' named by John William Dawson in 1882.J.W. Dawson. 1882. "On the Results of Recent Explorations of Erect Trees Containing Animal Remains in the Coal-Formation of Nova Scotia". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London'' 173: 621-668 See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... Gymnarthrids Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnarthridae
Gymnarthridae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Gymnarthrids are known from Europe and North America and existed from the Late Carboniferous through the Early Permian. Remains have been found from the Czech Republic, Nova Scotia, Illinois, Texas, and Oklahoma. Gymnarthrids are relatively elongate with short limbs. The skulls of gymnarthrids are also small, with a single row of large conical teeth on the margin of the jaw (a feature that distinguishes them from other microsaurs). In some genera, such as ''Bolterpeton'' and ''Cardiocephalus'', the teeth are labiolingually compressed. Gymnarthridae was first erected by E. C. Case in 1910 to include the newly described ''Gymnarthrus''. It was placed in a new suborder, Gymnarthria. Case initially considered gymnarthrids to be reptiles, but later recognized them to be amphibians, placing ''Cardiocephalus'' in the family. ''Pariotichus'' was placed within Gymnarthridae by Alfred Romer after having previously been assi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparodus
''Sparodus'' is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... Microsauria {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hapsidopareion
''Hapsidopareion'' is an extinct genus of microsaur belonging to the family Hapsidopareiidae. Fossils have been found in the early Permian of Oklahoma. History of study ''Hapsidopareion'' was named in 1973 by American paleontologist Eleanor Daly based on material collected from the early Permian South Grandfield locality in southwestern Oklahoma. The genus name is given for the Greek ''hapsido''- ('arch') and -''pareion'' ('cheek'). The species name, ''H. lepton'', is given for the slightness of the animal. The taxon is known from several partial to complete skulls and possibly by some isolated postcranial material. Anatomy ''Hapsidopareion'' was originally differentiated from other microsaurs by the large temporal emargination, which produced other variable morphology of the circum-emargination bones (e.g., postorbital). It is similar to the more recently described '' Llistrofus pricei'' in this regard, but can be differentiated from ''L. pricei'' by features such as the abse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llistrofus
''Llistrofus'' is an extinct genus of early Permian microsaur within the family Hapsidopareiidae that is known from Oklahoma. Discovery ''Llistrofus'' was described by Canadian paleontologists Robert Carroll and Pamela Gaskill in 1978. The genus name is an anagram of Fort Sill, the historic name of the Richards Spur locality from which material of ''Llistrofus'' was collected. The species name, ''L. pricei'', is given for the Brazilian paleontologist Llewellyn Price. The holotype of this taxon is currently reposited at the Field Museum of Natural History. The skull of the holotype was reappraised by Bolt & Rieppel in 2009. New material from Richards Spur was described by Gee et al. (2019). Description ''Llistrofus'' is readily identified by the presence of a large temporal emargination, a feature shared with '' Hapsidopareion lepton'' that unites the Hapsidopareiidae. Carroll & Gaskill (1978) differentiated ''Llistrofus'' from ''Hapsidopareion'' by four features: (1) posto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pariotichus
''Pariotichus'' is an extinct genus of gymnarthrid microsaurs from the early Permian of Texas. History of study ''Pariotichus'' was collected by Jacob Boll from the Wichita Group of Texas in 1878 and described by American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in the same year. It is one of the first 'microsaurs' to be described from North America. The type species is ''Pariotichus brachyops'', which remains the only presently recognized species of the genus. Other species of ''Pariotichus'' were described, mostly by Cope, that have subsequently been identified as captorhinomorph reptiles (including the well-known ''Captorhinus aguti'') and were reassigned by Case (1911). One other species, "''Pariotichus megalops''" is a junior synonym of the dvinosaur temnospondyl '' Isodectes obtusus.'' The osteology and relationships of ''P. brachyops'' were subsequently reviewed by Gregory et al. (1956) and Carroll & Gaskill (1978). Anatomy The holotype and only specimen of ''Pariotichus'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
