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Tuckermannopsis Ciliaris
''Tuckermannopsis ciliaris'' is a species of corticolous lichen, corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described by Erik Acharius in 1810, initially classified in the genus ''Cetraria''.The species was later reclassified into the genera ''Nephromopsis'' and then ''Tuckermannopsis'', with some researchers proposing that certain genera, including ''Tuckermannopsis'', should be merged into ''Nephromopsis''. However, this suggestion was disputed, and both names, ''Tuckermannopsis ciliaris'' and ''Nephromopsis ciliaris'', are used in recent literature to refer to this species. ''Tuckermannopsis ciliaris'' is widely distributed across North America and the Old World, found on coniferous trees such as pines and birches, with varying frequencies and habitats across different regions. The thallus grows in irregular shapes or rosette (botany), rosettes up to in diameter, with olive-green to greenish-brown coloration and elongated featuring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strain (biology)
In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species. Strains are often seen as inherently artificial concepts, characterized by a specific intent for genetic isolation. This is most easily observed in microbiology where strains are derived from a single cell colony and are typically quarantined by the physical constraints of a Petri dish. Strains are also commonly referred to within virology, botany, and with rodents used in experimental studies. Microbiology and virology It has been said that "there is no universally accepted definition for the terms 'strain', ' variant', and 'isolate' in the virology community, and most virologists simply copy the usage of terms from others". A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism (e.g., a virus, bacterium or fungus). For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. These flu strains are characterized by their differing isoforms of su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens. Early life and education Mason Hale Jr. grew up on a farm outside of Winsted, Connecticut. He had an affinity towards biology from experiences from living on his family's farm. As an undergraduate, Hale wanted to be a linguist, but was not able to take specialized classes. Instead, he earned an undergraduate degree studying biology at Yale University, where he studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's Linnaean taxonomy, system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard de Jussieu, Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik
Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik (March 30, 1906 – March 15, 1945) was a Hungarian botanist and lichenologist. Prior to earning his PhD in 1929 from Budapest University, he spent a year in Cairo to help organize a botanical museum. In 1930 he started work at Hungarian National Museum, where he curated the lichen collections. Gyelnik married Theresa Hofflinger on 30 May 1930, with whom he had a son in 1932. Gyelnik maintained a friendly correspondence with American amateur lichenologist Charles Christian Plitt for several years until Plitt's death in 1933. In the 1930s, it was common for Hungarians with non-Hungarian sounding names to alter them if they desired political appointments. Gyelnik prefixed Kőfaragó (meaning "stone-cutter") to his name in 1935, and eventually became the head of the Botanical Department of the museum in 1942. On March 15, 1945, Gyelnik was killed in Austria by Allied bombing. Gyelnik published about 100 papers on lichens in the period 1926 to 1945, and pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetraria Sepincola
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichen, fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges. ''Cetraria islandica'', Iceland moss, is one of the few edible lichen, culinary lichens, ground and eaten by Northern Europeans famine food, in times of famine. Another species is used today as a "bulking" agent in garam masala of traditional Indian cuisine. Species *''Cetraria aculeata'' *''Cetraria arenaria'' *''Cetraria australiensis'' *''Cetraria corrugata'' *''Cetraria endochrysea'' *''Cetraria ericetorum'' *''Cetraria flavonigrescens'' *''Cetraria isidiigera'' *''Cetraria islandica'' *''Cetraria kamczatica'' *''Cetraria laevigata'' *''Cetraria minuscula'' *''Cetraria muricata'' *''Cetraria nigricans'' *''Cetraria odontella'' *''Cetraria racemosa'' *''Cetraria sepincola'' *''Cetraria sinensis'' *''Cetraria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variety (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, variety (abbreviated var.; in la, varietas) is a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form. As such, it gets a three-part infraspecific name. It is sometimes recommended that the subspecies rank should be used to recognize geographic distinctiveness, whereas the variety rank is appropriate if the taxon is seen throughout the geographic range of the species. Example The pincushion cactus, ''Escobaria vivipara'' (Nutt.) Buxb., is a wide-ranging variable species occurring from Canada to Mexico, and found throughout New Mexico below about . Nine varieties have been described. Where the varieties of the pincushion cactus meet, they intergrade. The variety ''Escobaria vivipara'' var. ''arizonica'' is from Arizona, while ''Escobaria vivipara'' var. ''neo-mexicana'' is from New Mexico. See also '' Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum'' Definitions The term is defined in different ways by different authors. However, the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been described previously or are related. In order for species to be validly described, they need to follow guidelines established over time. Zoological naming requires adherence to the ICZN code, plants, the ICN, viruses ICTV, and so on. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of type material along with a note on where they are deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct throughout the existence of life on Earth. Naming process A name of a new species becomes valid (available in zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 800 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compound are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing. Lichen products accumulate on the outer walls of the fungal hyphae, and are quite stable. Crystal deposits can be visualised using scanning electron microscopy. For this reason, even very old herbarium specimens can be analysed. The amount of lichen products i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
