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Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International
__NOTOC__ The Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International is a political international of Trotskyist political organizations that claim to adhere to the political legacy of the Fourth International. It was formed by groups which arose as the "Internationalist Bolshevik Faction" within the International Workers League (IWL-FI) in 1989. Regarded at first as an "external fraction" who had been wrongly expelled, from 1988 to 1990 the Argentinian Socialist Workers' Party (PTS) had three splits: first when a number of militants returned to the Argentinian Movement for Socialism (MAS) party, then when another group of militants sympathized with the British Workers Revolutionary Party (Worker Press) and the third when supporters of León Pérez (former member of the International Secretariat of the International Workers League) decided to follow a mass party perspective (as opposed to a vanguard party). These splits forced the PTS to make a balance and self-criticism, resulting in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Nongovernmental Organisation
An international non-governmental organization (INGO) is an organization which is independent of government involvement and extends the concept of a non-governmental organization (NGO) to an international scope. NGOs are independent of governments and can be seen as two types: ''advocacy NGOs'', which aim to influence governments with a specific goal, and ''operational NGOs'', which provide services. Examples of NGO mandates are environmental preservation, human rights promotions or the advancement of women. NGOs are typically not-for-profit, but receive funding from companies or membership fees. Many large INGOs have components of operational projects and advocacy initiatives working together within individual countries. The technical term "international organizations" describes intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and include groups such as the United Nations or the International Labour Organization, which are formed by treaties among sovereign states. In contrast, INGOs are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permanent Revolution
Permanent revolution is the strategy of a revolutionary class pursuing its own interests independently and without compromise or alliance with opposing sections of society. As a term within Marxist theory, it was first coined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as early as 1850, but since then it has been used to refer to different concepts by different theorists, most notably Leon Trotsky. Trotsky's permanent revolution is an explanation of how socialist revolutions could occur in societies that had not achieved advanced capitalism. Trotsky's theory also argues that the bourgeoisie in late-developing capitalist countries are incapable of developing the productive forces in such a manner as to achieve the sort of advanced capitalism which will fully develop an industrial proletariat; and that the proletariat can and must therefore seize social, economic and political power, leading an alliance with the peasantry. He also opposed the socialism in one country principle, stating th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Spain
The national flag of Spain ( es, Bandera de España), as it is defined in the Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe. Traditionally, the middle stripe was defined by the more archaic term of , and hence the popular name (red- weld). The origin of the current flag of Spain is the naval ensign of 1785, under Charles III of Spain. It was chosen by Charles III himself among 12 different flags designed by Antonio Valdés y Bazán (all proposed flags were presented in a drawing which is in the Naval Museum of Madrid). The flag remained marine-focused for much of the next 50 years, flying over coastal fortresses, marine barracks and other naval property. During the Peninsular War the flag could also be found on marine regiments fighting inland. Not until 1820 was the first Spanish land unit (The La Princesa Regiment) provided with one and it was not until 1843 that Queen Isabell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movimiento De Los Trabajadores Socialistas
The Socialist Workers Movement (MTS) is a far-left Mexican National Political Association. It was formed in 2014 by the former ''League of Workers for Socialism – Countercurrent'' (Liga de Trabajadores por el Socialismo – Contracorriente, LTS-CC) for registration with the National Electoral Institute. History Its origins date back to 1988 when a section of the Worker Socialist Party (POS, then called Zapatist Workers Party) was expelled in January of that year. The expelled group formed the "Trotskyist Revolutionary Fraction", then adopting the name League of Workers for Socialism (LTS). The LTS released statements in 1994 during the Chiapas conflict calling for the army's exit from Chiapas and defined that after the emergence of the Zapatistas, a pre-revolutionary situation has been opened in Mexico with the irruption of peasants and indigenous people in Chiapas. The LTS had acriticisms of the EZLN's strategy during negotiations with the government, saying that the peace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Mexico
The national flag of Mexico ( es, Bandera de México) is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War of Independence, and subsequent First Mexican Empire. Red, white, and green are the colors of the national army in Mexico. The central emblem is the Mexican coat of arms, based on the Aztec symbol for Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), the center of the Aztec Empire. It recalls the legend of an eagle sitting on a cactus while devouring a serpent that signaled to the Aztecs where to found their city, Tenochtitlan. History Before the adoption of the first national flag, various flags were used during the War of Independence from Spain. Though it was never adopted as an official flag, many historians consider the first Mexican flag to be the Standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Internationalist Organisation
The Revolutionary Internationalist Organization (RIO) is a German trotskyist organization. Its origins lie in ''Independent Revolution'' or ''iRevo'', a tendency within the youth organization REVOLUTION, consisting of the sections in Germany, Switzerland, the Czech Republic and Australia. They left REVOLUTION in 2007, refusing to remain affiliated to the League for the Fifth International, forming a separate international of youth organisations while keeping the REVOLUTION name. The Australian section soon became inactive. In 2009 iRevo members joined the New Left Anti-Capitalist Party of the Czech Republic, but were expelled because of differences with the party leadership. In that year they completely abandoned REVOLUTION and in January 2010 they founded their own organization under the name of Revolutionary Internationalist Organization (RIO), at the same time that they decided to promote a larger Trotskyist organization due to what they considered to be programmatic limits w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Germany
The national flag of Germany is a tricolour (flag), tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the national colours of Germany: Sable (heraldry), black, Gules, red, and Or (heraldry), gold (german: :de:Schwarz-Rot-Gold, Schwarz-Rot-Gold). The flag was first sighted in 1848 in the German Confederation. It was officially adopted as the national flag of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933, and has been in use since its reintroduction in West Germany in 1949. Since the mid-19th century, Germany has two competing traditions of national colours, black-red-gold and black-white-red. Black-red-gold were the colours of the German revolutions of 1848–1849, 1848 Revolutions, the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933 and the Federal Republic (since 1949). They were also Flag of East Germany, adopted by the German Democratic Republic (1949–1990). The colours black-white-red appeared for the first time in 1867, in the constitution of the North German Confederation. This n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of France
The national flag of France (french: link=no, drapeau français) is a tricolour featuring three vertical bands coloured blue ( hoist side), white, and red. It is known to English speakers as the ''Tricolour'' (), although the flag of Ireland and others are also so known. The design was adopted after the French Revolution; while not the first tricolour, it became one of the most influential flags in history. The tricolour scheme was later adopted by many other nations in Europe and elsewhere, and, according to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' has historically stood "in symbolic opposition to the autocratic and clericalist royal standards of the past". Before the tricolour was adopted the royal government used many flags, the best known being a blue shield and gold fleur-de-lis (the Royal Arms of France) on a white background, or state flag. Early in the French Revolution, the Paris militia, which played a prominent role in the storming of the Bastille, wore a cockade of blue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Workers Party (Chile)
The Revolutionary Workers Party ( es, Partido de Trabajadores Revolucionarios, PTR) is a Trotskyist political party in Chile. It was founded in January 2017 and was the Chilean section of Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International. The party lost official registration after failing to meet the 5% minimum vote threshold in the 2021 elections. History As Class against Class It started as the group Class against Class (CcC), a league formed in Chile by Trotskyist militants in order to form a revolutionary party. Upon the death of Augusto Pinochet, they denounced the impunity that continued under the government and the laws of the dictatorship that were still in force. In 2009, they made a demonstration in repudiation of the coup in Honduras; in that year they founded the Pan y Rosas - Teresa Flores women's group together with independent women activists for the organization of women workers in women's committees. After the 2011 student demonstrations, CcC achieved an or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Chile
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the maritime environment, where semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equivalent to a brigade i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Brazil
The national flag of Brazil ( pt, bandeira do Brasil), is a blue disc depicting a starry sky (which includes the Southern Cross) spanned by a curved band inscribed with the national motto "''Ordem e Progresso''" ("Order and Progress"), within a yellow rhombus, on a green field. It was officially adopted on 19 November 1889 — four days after the Proclamation of the Republic, to replace the flag of the Empire of Brazil. The concept was the work of Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, with the collaboration of Miguel Lemos, Manuel Pereira Reis and Décio Villares. The green field and yellow rhombus from the previous imperial flag were preserved (though slightly modified in hue and shape). In the imperial flag, the green represented the House of Braganza of Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil, while the yellow represented the House of Habsburg of his wife, Empress Maria Leopoldina. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Bolivia
The flag of Bolivia is the national flag of the Bolivia, Plurinational State of Bolivia. It was originally adopted in 1851. The state and war flag is a horizontal tricolour (flag), tricolor of red, yellow and green with the Coat of Arms of Bolivia, Bolivian coat of arms in the center. According to one source, the red stands for Bolivia's brave soldiers, while the green symbolizes soil fertility, fertility and yellow the nation's mineral deposits. Since 2009 the Wiphala also holds the status of ''dual flag'' in the country. According to the revised Constitution of Bolivia of 2009, the Wiphala is considered a national symbol of Bolivia (along with the flag, national anthem, Coat of arms of Bolivia, coat of arms, the cockade; Cantua buxifolia, kantuta flower and patujú flower). Despite its landlocked status, Bolivia has a naval ensign used by navy vessels on rivers and lakes. It consists of a blue field with the state flag in the Flag terminology, canton bordered by nine small y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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