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Troides
''Troides'' is a genus of birdwing butterflies, comprising species found in the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, and Oceania. Species Twenty species are recognized: : subgenus: ''Ripponia'' ::* '' Troides hypolitus'' – Rippon's birdwing : subgenus: ''Troides'' :: species group: ''Troides aeacus'' :::* ''Troides aeacus'' – golden birdwing :::* ''Troides dohertyi'' – Talaud black birdwing :::* '' Troides magellanus'' – Magellan birdwing :::* ''Troides minos'' – southern birdwing :::* ''Troides plateni'' – Dr. Platen's birdwing :::* ''Troides prattorum'' – Buru opalescent birdwing :::* '' Troides rhadamantus'' – golden birdwing :: species group: ''Troides amphrysus'' :::* '' Troides amphrysus'' – Malay birdwing :::* '' Troides andromache'' – Borneo birdwing :::* '' Troides cuneifera'' :::* ''Troides miranda'' – Miranda birdwing :: species group: ''Troides haliphron'' :::* ''Troides criton'' – Criton birdwing :::* ''Troides darsius'' – Sri Lankan bird ...
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Birdwing
Birdwings are butterflies in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera ''Trogonoptera'', ''Troides'', and ''Ornithoptera''. Most recent authorities recognise 36 species, however, this is debated, and some authorities include additional genera. Birdwings are named for their exceptional size, angular wings, and birdlike flight. They are found across tropical Asia, mainland and archipelagic Southeast Asia, and Australasia. Included among the birdwings are some of the largest butterflies in the world: the largest, Queen Alexandra's birdwing; the second largest, the Goliath birdwing; the largest butterfly endemic to Australia, the Cairns birdwing; and the largest butterfly in India, the southern birdwing. Another well-known species is Rajah Brooke's birdwing, a particularly attractive species named after Sir James Brooke, the first White Rajah of 19th-century Sarawak. Due to their size and brightly coloured males, they are popular among collectors of butterflies, but all b ...
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Troides Haliphron
''Troides haliphron'', the haliphron birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly confined to Sulawesi and the lesser Sunda Islands. Description ''Troides haliphron'' is sexually dimorphic. Male: The forewings are ground colour black. The veins are bordered by white shading. The hindwings are ground colour black. There is a golden band in the discal area of the wing. The veins are black and they cleave the golden area. The underside is similar. Female: The female is larger than the male. The ground colour of the female is brown. The veins are bordered by white shading. There is a yellow area with dark veins on the hindwings. There is one chain of black spots is in the yellow area. The underside is similar. The abdomen is dark brown, and the underside has yellow spots. Head and thorax are black. The nape has a red hair coat. Image:TroidesHaliphronRippon.jpg, Image:TroidesHaliphron2Rippon.jpg, Taxonomy ''Troides staudingeri'' has at times been considered a subspecies of ''Troides ha ...
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Troides Aeacus
''Troides aeacus'', the golden birdwing, is a large tropical butterfly belonging to the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. Description ''Troides aeacus'' has a wingspan of about but can be as large as 194 mm. In the males the forewings are black, with veins bordered by whitish colour, while the hindwings are bright yellow. The underside of the wings is quite similar to the upside. The females are larger than the males and have dark-brown or black wings. Head, thorax and abdomen of this butterfly are mainly black, with small red patches on the thorax and a yellow underside of the abdomen. Caterpillars are pale brown, with long protrusions resembling thorns. They mainly feed on ''Aristolochia'' and ''Thottea'' species (''Aristolochiaceae''). ''Troides aeacus'' closely resembles ''Troides helena cerebrus'' and differs as follows: Upperside, ''forewing'': the pale adnervular streaks more prominent, in some specimens extended into the cell along the outer half of the subcostal a ...
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Troides Oblongomaculatus
''Troides oblongomaculatus'', the oblong-spotted birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly found in Indonesia and New Guinea. ''T. oblongomaculatus'' is the only ''Troides'' species found as far east as New Guinea. It has been assumed that the species originated in the Moluccas and later penetrated into Melanesia. It is a common species, the larva of which feed on '' Aristolochia tagala''. Subspecies Nine subspecies are recognized.''Troides''
funet.fi These are: *''T. o. oblongomaculatus'' (Goeze, 1779) from Seram, Ambon, Saparua, Haruku, Seram Laut, Geser, Nusa Laut, Nusa Is. *''T. o. thestius'' (Staudinger, 1896) from Salaya Is. *''T. o. bouruensis'' (Wallace, 1865) from Buru Is., Sula Mangole *''T. o. asartia'' (Rothschild, ...
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Troides Cuneifera
''Troides cuneifera'', the Mountain Birdwing,Ek-Amnuay, P. (2012). Butterflies of Thailand. 2nd Edition (English) is a large butterfly belonging to the swallowtail family, Papilionidae, found in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Being very similar to '' Troides amphrysus'', the butterfly was originally described as ''Ornithoptera amphrisius'' var. ''cuneifera''. The first to separate the two species was Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen in 1889. In Sumatra and Java it is a highlands species occurring up to an altitude of , but it occurs as low as in the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The species is in decline in Sumatra and Java due to human activities such as increased cultivation. ''Troides cuneifera tantalus'' remains one of the great mysteries of the birdwings. The taxon is known from only one male and one female. When described, the specimens were claimed to originate from Kala Bula Hills or Kala Bala Hills, north Borneo. Description ''Troides cuneifera'' is se ...
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Troides Magellanus
''Troides magellanus'', the Magellan birdwing, is a large and striking birdwing butterfly found in the Philippines and on Taiwan's Orchid Island. This butterfly is named for the explorer Ferdinand Magellan who was killed in the Philippines in 1521. Description Male: The forewings are ground colour black. The veins are bordered by white. The underside of the forewings is very similar to the upperside, but some veins are bordered by yellow. The hindwings are golden yellow. The veins and the marginal edge of the hindwing are black. The golden area has an opal, green or blue colour at a certain angle. The underside of the hindwing is very similar to the upperside and also has the optical effect. The body (abdomen) is yellowish, but the underside is yellow. Head and thorax are black. Female: is sexually dimorphic. The female is larger than the male. The ground colour of the female is dark brown to black. The veins are bordered by white colour shading. There is a golden area with ...
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Troides Minos
''Troides minos'', the southern birdwing, also called Sahyadri birdwing, is a large and striking swallowtail butterfly endemic to south India. With a wingspan of 140–190 mm, it is the second largest butterfly of India. It is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List. It was earlier considered a subspecies of the common birdwing (''Troides helena'') but is now recognised as a valid species. The species is more common in the Western Ghats of South India, which is a biodiversity hotspot with a high degree of endemism in many taxa. It is much sought after by collectors and is a highlight of many butterfly tours in the Western Ghats. It is the state butterfly of Karnataka, India. Description Description from Charles Thomas Bingham (1907) ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Butterflies''. Volume II. Male and female. Differs from ''Troides helena cerberus'' as follows. * Male: Hindwing: the black along the dorsal and terminal margins both on upper ...
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Troides Dohertyi
''Troides dohertyi'', the Talaud black birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly endemic to the Talaud and Sangihe islands. This species is ranked as a subspecies of '' Troides rhadamantus'' by some authors. Description Size range: 140 to 160 mm (females) wingspan. Male: The male is unique among birdwings, being almost entirely black on the upperside forewings and hindwings. The underside of the hindwing has the golden markings typical of ''Troides'' species but sometimes reduced. Rarely males have faint suggestions of gold colouration on the upper surface of their hindwing. Females may show yellow markings on their hindwings, and both sexes have whitish to tan stripes on their forewings (veins are bordered by white colour). Female: is sexually dimorphic. The female covers the upper range of the wingspan. It is significantly larger than the male. The basic colour of the female is dark brown. The veins are bordered by white. There is a small yellow area with dark veins on the hin ...
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Troides Criton
''Troides criton'', the Criton birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly found on the islands of Morotai, Halmahera, Bali, Bacan, Ternate and Obi in Indonesia. Description ''Troides criton'' is sexually dimorphic. Male: The ground colour of the forewings is black. A large discal golden area has veins are black veins. The underside is very similar. Female: In the female some of the veins are bordered by white. There is a chain of internervular black spots in the golden area. The underside is very similar. In both sexes the abdomen is brown with a yellow underside. The head and thorax are black and the underside of thorax has a red hair. PompeopteraCritonRippon.jpg, PompeopteraCriton2Rippon.jpg, NovaraExpZoologischeTheilLepidopteraAtlasTaf4.jpg, Subspecies *''Troides criton criton'' Sulawesi, Moluccas, Morotai, Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, Kasiruta, Sula Islands, Bacan *''Troides criton critonides'' (Fruhstorfer, 1903) Obi Islands Related species ''Troides criton'' is a member ...
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Troides Andromache
''Troides andromache'', the Borneo birdwing , is a species of butterfly in the family (biology), family Papilionidae. It is Endemic species, found only in Borneo. Description The wingspan ranges from 150 to 180 mm (female), the hindwings are discreetly scalloped. The body is black with yellow marks on the ventral abdomen. ''Troides andromache'' is Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic. The males have black upperside forewings. The underside of the forewings is black marked, in the postdiscal area and between the veins, with white. The hindwings are yellow with black veins and have a border of marginal black triangles. The females have white forewings with black veins lined with grey. The black veined yellow hindwings have wide-bordered black margin and a wide submarginal formed of confluent black spots. Subspecies The subspecies are *''Troides andromache andromache'' northern Borneo, Sabah *''Troides andromache marapokensis'' Fruhstorfer, 1899 northern Borneo, northern ...
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Troides Amphrysus
''Troides amphrysus'', the Malay birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly in the genus ''Troides'' in the family Papilionidae. Taxonomy Subspecies *''T. a. amphrysus'' (Java, Bali) *''T. a. ruficollis'' (Butler, 1879 (Peninsular Malaya, Thailand, Burma) *''T. a. euthydemus'' (Fruhstorfer, 1913 (Sumatra) *''T. a. actinotia'' Jordan, 1909 (southern Borneo) *''T. a. flavicollis'' (Druce, 1873) (northern Borneo) *''T. a. niasicus'' (Fruhstorfer, 1898) (Nias) *''T. a. vistara'' Fruhstorfer, 1906 ( Batu Island) *''T. a. astrea'' Hayami, 1992 ( Banyak Island) *''T. a. arkumene'' Hayami, 1994 (Tioman) *''T. a. chrysomelas'' Parrott & Schmid, 1984 (Natuna) *''T. a. simeuluensis'' Ohya, 1985 ( Simeuluë, Babi Island) *''T. a. perintis'' Kobayashi, 1986 ( Tambelan Island) *''T. a. kuris'' Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987 ( Anambas Island) *''T. a. hilbert'' Hayami, 1992 (Karimata) *''T. a. merah'' Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992 ( Simuk, Batu Island) *''T. a. zeus'' Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992 (Sipora, Siberut, ...
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Troides Vandepolli
''Troides vandepolli'', the van de Poll's birdwing, is a montane birdwing butterfly occurring on Java and Sumatra. It is endemic for Indonesia and is protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES CITES (shorter name for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of interna ...). The species was named for Jacob R. H. Neervoort van de Poll. Description ''Troides vandepolli'' is Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic. Male: The forewings' ground colour is black. The veins are lightly bordered by white. The underside of the forewings is dark brown. The veins are bordered by white. The hindwings are black. There is a large golden-yellow area in the discal and postdiscal part. The veins are black and they cleave the golden area. The underside is similar to the upperside. At the in ...
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