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Triopha
''Triopha'' is a genus of colorful sea slugs, nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Polyceridae. Species Species within the genus ''Triopha'' include: * ''Triopha catalinae ''Triopha catalinae'', commonly known as the sea clown triopha or sea clown, is a species of colorful sea slug called a nudibranch. Sea clowns are a shell-less marine, gastronomic mollusk in the taxonomic family Polyceridae. The species' Lati ...'' Cooper, 1863 * '' Triopha maculata'' MacFarland, 1905 * '' Triopha modesta'' Bergh, 1880 * '' Triopha occidentalis'' Fewkes, 1889 ;Synonyms: * ''Triopha aurantiaca'' Cockerell, 1908: synonym of ''Triopha maculata'' MacFarland, 1905 * ''Triopha elioti'' O'Donoghue, 1921: synonym of ''Triopha catalinae'' (J. G. Cooper, 1863) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym) * ''Triopha grandis'' MacFarland, 1905: synonym of ''Triopha occidentalis'' (Fewkes, 1889) * ''Triopha scrippsiana'' Cockerell, 1915: synonym of ''Triopha catalinae'' (J. G. ...
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Triopha Occidentalis
''Triopha'' is a genus of colorful sea slugs, nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Polyceridae. Species Species within the genus ''Triopha'' include: * ''Triopha catalinae ''Triopha catalinae'', commonly known as the sea clown triopha or sea clown, is a species of colorful sea slug called a nudibranch. Sea clowns are a shell-less marine, gastronomic mollusk in the taxonomic family Polyceridae. The species' Lati ...'' Cooper, 1863 * '' Triopha maculata'' MacFarland, 1905 * '' Triopha modesta'' Bergh, 1880 * '' Triopha occidentalis'' Fewkes, 1889 ;Synonyms: * ''Triopha aurantiaca'' Cockerell, 1908: synonym of ''Triopha maculata'' MacFarland, 1905 * ''Triopha elioti'' O'Donoghue, 1921: synonym of ''Triopha catalinae'' (J. G. Cooper, 1863) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym) * ''Triopha grandis'' MacFarland, 1905: synonym of ''Triopha occidentalis'' (Fewkes, 1889) * ''Triopha scrippsiana'' Cockerell, 1915: synonym of ''Triopha catalinae'' (J. G. ...
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Triopha Maculata
''Triopha maculata'', common name spotted triopha or speckled triopha, is a species of colorful sea slug, a nudibranch, a shell-less marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae. This species is very variable in color. Distribution This nudibranch lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to Baja California, Mexico. It also lives in Japan. Description ''Triopha maculata'' can, on rare occasions, grow as large as 180 mm (a little more than 7 inches) but usually the maximum length is 50 mm (about 2 inches.) The color can be a very pale and translucent yellow, or it can be a darker yellow, orange, red, and even dark brown. There are always raised whitish spots, hence the name ''maculata'', meaning spotted. Life habits This species feeds on bryozoans. Image:Nudibranch in california tide pools 2.jpg, A 5 mm juvenile of the yellow form of ''Triopha maculata'' in a California tide pool. Image:Nudibranch in tide ...
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Triopha Catalinae
''Triopha catalinae'', commonly known as the sea clown triopha or sea clown, is a species of colorful sea slug called a nudibranch. Sea clowns are a shell-less marine, gastronomic mollusk in the taxonomic family Polyceridae. The species' Latin name is named after Santa Catalina Island, California. Distribution This species lives in the Western Pacific from Alaska to Mexico, and has also been found in Japan and South Korea.Berhrens, D. W., 1980, ''Pacific Coast Nudibranchs: A guide to the opisthobranchs of the northeastern Pacific'', Sea Challenger Books, Washington.''Triopha catalinae (Cooper, 1863) ''
Sea Slug Forum, accessed 17 July 2009.


Life habits

This nudibranch grazes on bryozoans.
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Triopha Modesta
''Triopha modesta'', commonly known as the modest clown dorid, is a colorful species of nudibranch sea slug. Modest clown dorids are a shellless marine, gastropod mollusk in the taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ... family Polyceridae. Taxonomy Considered as valid species by Martynov et al. (2015), misidentified previously as ''Triopha catalinae'' Cooper, 1863 (Martynov & Korshunova, 2011)MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Triopha modesta Bergh, 1880. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=531268 on 2023-08-08 Range Modest clown dorids range from the Sea of Japan to southern California. References Further reading Bergh, L. S. R. (1880). On the nudibranchiate gasteropod moll ...
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Polyceridae
The Polyceridae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Polyceroidea. Taxonomy The family Polyceridae is classified within the clade Doridacea, itself belonging to the clade Euctenidiacea within the clade Nudipleura (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The Polyceridae consists of these subfamilies: * Kalinginae Pruvot-Fol, 1956 * Kankelibranchinae Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer, 2005 * Nembrothinae Burn, 1967 * Polycerinae Alder & Hancock, 1845 - synonyms: Triopinae Gray, 1847, Euphuridae Iredale & O'Donoghue, 1923, Gymnodorididae Odhner, 1941 * Triophinae Odhner, 1941 ** tribe Triophini Odhner, 1941 - synonym: Kaloplocaminae Pruvot-Fol, 1954 ** tribe Limaciini Winckworth, 1951 - synonym: Lailinae Burn, 1967 Genera Genera in the Polyceridae include: * Subfamily Kalinginae Pruvot-Fol, 1956 ** Genus ''Kalinga'' Alder & Hancock, 1864 - type genus in the subfamily Kalinginae * S ...
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Nudibranch
Nudibranchs () are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs which shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon", or "sea rabbit". Currently, about 3,000 valid species of nudibranchs are known.Ocean Portal (2017)A Collage of Nudibranch Colors Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 17 April 2018. The word "nudibranch" comes from the Latin "naked" and the Ancient Greek () "gills". Nudibranchs are often casually called sea slugs, as they are a family of opistobranchs (sea slugs), within the phylum Mollusca (molluscs), but many sea slugs belong to several taxonomic groups which are not closely related to nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic ''Sacoglossa'' and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs. Distribut ...
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In Situ
''In situ'' (; often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts. For example, in fields such as physics, geology, chemistry, or biology, ''in situ'' may describe the way a measurement is taken, that is, in the same place the phenomenon is occurring without isolating it from other systems or altering the original conditions of the test. The opposite of ''in situ'' is ''ex situ''. Aerospace In the aerospace industry, equipment on-board aircraft must be tested ''in situ'', or in place, to confirm everything functions properly as a system. Individually, each piece may work but interference from nearby equipment may create unanticipated problems. Special test equipment is available for this ''in situ'' testing. It can also refer to repairs made to the aircraft structure or flight con ...
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Rudolph Bergh
Rudolph Bergh (15 October 1824 – 20 July 1909), full name Ludvig Sophus Rudolph Bergh, was a Danish physician and malacologist. He worked in Copenhagen. As a doctor his speciality was sexually transmitted diseases. In Copenhagen a hospital and a street are named after him. Bergh was also an active malacologist, i.e. a zoologist who studies molluscs, in particular the nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropods. He had well over 90 publications in this field and took part in a scientific expedition to Indonesia. He named and described numerous species of nudibranchs. Biography Rudolph Bergh was born in Copenhagen. His father was chief physician in the army Ludvig Anton Berg (1793–1853). His mother was Anne Sophie Kirstine (maiden name Pedersen). Bergh graduated from the Det von Westenske Institut in 1842, and received his medical degree in 1849. Dr. Rudolph Bergh became an attending physician at what was then Almindeligt Hospital, the general hospital in Amaliegade, Copen ...
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Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ...
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Marine (ocean)
The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally divided."Ocean."
''Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary'', Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ocean. Accessed March 14, 2021.
Separate names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: (the largest), ,

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Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ...
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Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8  taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ...
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