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Treaty Of Bergen
Treaty of Bergen, signed on 29 August 1450 in Bergen, between Norway and Denmark. The agreement was in many ways a continuation of the Kalmar Union founded in 1397, between Norway, Denmark and Sweden, while Norway and Denmark had been in a personal union with a common king since 1380 (List of Kalmar Union monarchs#Norway, with interruptions). The Bergen Treaty stipulated that Norway and Denmark should belong together forever. The choice of king was to be made jointly, and the first king elected was Christian I, from the House of Oldenburg. Furthermore, the kingdoms were to be equal and self-governed. The latter meant that the Riksråd, Norwegian National Council continued its work of governing the country, so that Norway retained a large degree of independence. The treaty lasted for 87 years, and ended when king Christian III of Denmark, Christian III in 1537 did a Coup d'état, and made Norway a Denmark-Norway, puppet kingdom. The House of Oldenburg would remain on the Norwegian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Union
A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlinked, such as by sharing some limited governmental institutions. Unlike the personal union, in a federation and a unitary state, a central (federal) government spanning all member states exists, with the degree of self-governance distinguishing the two. The ruler in a personal union does not need to be a hereditary monarch. The term was coined by German jurist Johann Stephan Pütter, introducing it into ''Elementa iuris publici germanici'' (Elements of German Public Law) of 1760. Personal unions can arise for several reasons, such as: * inheritance through a dynastic union, e.g. Louis X of France inherited France from his father and Navarre from his mother * decolonization, ex-colonies install the monarch of the former colonizing power as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |