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Treaty Of Zinna
The Zinna Coin Treaty of 1667 for the standardisation of coinage was signed at Zinna Abbey, approx. 50 km south of Berlin, between Electoral Brandenburg and Electoral Saxony. The treaty defines the 10½ ''thaler'' standard (''10½-Taler-Fuß standard, Zinna Münzfuß''). The two states agreed to keep the ''9-thaler'' standard of the Imperial Minting Ordinance Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, T ... of 1559/66 for the ''thaler'', but to mint the '' Scheidemünzen'' more easily, namely to the 10½-taler standard. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg joined the treaty in 1668, it was also agreed that the 10½ thaler standard would also apply to the 2/3, 1/3 and 1/6 ''thaler'' coins apply. See also * Valuation of the species ''Reichstaler'' in Zinna currency and the val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zinna Abbey
Zinna Abbey (german: Kloster Zinna) is a former Cistercian monastery, the site of which is now occupied by a village also called Kloster Zinna, today part of Jüterbog in Brandenburg, Germany, about south of Berlin. The village was established by Frederick II as a village for weavers. Cistercians The abbey was founded in about 1170 by Wichmann von Seeburg, the Archbishop of Magdeburg, after his troops had conquered the former Slavic territory. It possibly was meant for preventing the territorial expansion southwards of the Ascanian lords of nearby Luckenwalde, descendants of Albert the Bear. The monastery was built on the northern rim of the Fläming hill range in the marshes of the Nuthe river by Cistercian monks, descending from the monastery on the site of Burg Berge, otherwise Altenberg Abbey, in the County of Berg near Cologne. With huge effort they drained the land and turned it into productive ground. The abbey soon assumed immense economic significance throughout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee. Due to its l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg (german: link=no, Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe. Brandenburg developed out of the Northern March founded in the territory of the Slavic Wends. It derived one of its names from this inheritance, the March of Brandenburg (). Its ruling margraves were established as prestigious prince-electors in the Golden Bull of 1356, allowing them to vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor. The state thus became additionally known as Electoral Brandenburg or the Electorate of Brandenburg ( or ). The House of Hohenzollern came to the throne of Brandenburg in 1415. In 1417, Frederick I moved its capital from Brandenburg an der Havel to Berlin. By 1535, the electorate had an area of some and a population of 400,000. Preserved SmithThe Social Background of the Reformation.1920. Page 17. Under Hohenzollern leadership, Branden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electorate Of Saxony
The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (German: or ), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806. It was centered around the cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz. In the Golden Bull of 1356, Emperor Charles IV designated the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg an electorate, a territory whose ruler was one of the prince-electors who chose the Holy Roman emperor. After the extinction of the male Saxe-Wittenberg line of the House of Ascania in 1422, the duchy and the electorate passed to the House of Wettin. The electoral privilege was tied only to the Electoral Circle, specifically the territory of the former Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg. In the 1485 Treaty of Leipzig, the Wettin noble house was divided between the sons of Elector Frederick II into the Ernestine and Albertine lines, with the electoral district going to the Ernestines. In 1547, when the Ernestine elector John Frederick I was defeated in the Schmalkaldic War, the electoral district and el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Minting Ordinance
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas * Imperial, West Virginia * Imperial, Virginia * Imperial County, California * Imperial Valley, California * Imperial Beach, California Elsewhere * Imperial (Madrid), an administrative neighborhood in Spain * Imperial, Saskatchewan, a town in Canada Buildings * Imperial Apartments, a building in Brooklyn, New York * Imperial City, Huế, a palace in Huế, Vietnam * Imperial Palace (other) * Imperial Towers, a group of lighthouses on Lake Huron, Canada * The Imperial (Mumbai), a skyscraper apartment complex in India Animals and plants * ''Cheritra'' or imperial, a genus of butterfly Architecture, design, and fashion * Imperial, a luggage case for the top of a coach * Imperial, the top, roof or second-storey compartment of a coa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scheidemünze
''Scheidemünzen'' (singular – ''Scheidemünze'') were representative coins or token coins issued alongside '' Kurantgeld'' or currency money in Austria and Germany up to start of the First World War in August 1914 whose intrinsic metal value was less than the legal value stamped on them. Like ''Notgeld'' ("emergency money") they were a kind of credit money or fiat coin. The term ''Scheidemünze'' ("division money") referred to the "division into hellers and pfennigs during the purchase process" ("Scheiden auf ''Heller und Pfennig'' beim Kaufvorgang"). It thus applied to the low- to medium-value coins and is often translated as small change coin, small-coin change or just small coin. Since 1915, all coins minted in Germany, including the current euro coins have been ''Scheidemünzen'' or fiat money as opposed to currency or commodity money Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity of which it is made. Commodity money consists of objects having value or u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (german: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Late Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire, until the year of its dissolution. The duchy was located in what is now northwestern Germany. Its name came from the two largest cities in the territory: Braunschweig, Brunswick and Lüneburg. The dukedom emerged in 1235 from the allodial lands of the House of Welf in Duchy of Saxony, Saxony and was granted as an imperial fief to Otto the Child, a grandson of Henry the Lion. The duchy was divided several times during the High Middle Ages amongst various lines of the House of Welf, but each ruler was styled "Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" in addition to his own particular title. By 1692, the territories had consolidated to two: the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (commonly known as Electorate of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wechselthaler
The ''Wechselthaler'', also spelt ''Wechseltaler'' or ''Wechsel-Thaler'' ("exchange ''thaler''"), was minted in 1670 and 1671 in the Electorate of Saxony under Elector John George II (1656–1680) to the ''Wechselthaler'' or Burgundian ''thaler'' standard (861/1000 fineness). As the name suggests, the ''Wechselthaler'' and its subdivisions were intended as a currency to encourage Leipzig's trade with Hamburg and the Netherlands. The first coins from 1670 therefore bear the inscription WECHSELTHALER on the reverse. The ''Wechselthaler'' standard was only valid in Electoral Saxony in 1670 and 1671. History Thanks to the trade fairs, ''thalers'' from the provinces of the Netherlands minted to the Burgundian standard, arrived in Saxony via the trade route to Leipzig. These coins were indeed better than the Electoral Saxon ones, which were minted to the national currency standard of the Treaty of Zinna, but of lower quality than the '' Speciesreichsthaler'' coins minted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coinage Of Saxony
The history of Saxon coinage or Meissen-Saxon coinage comprises three major periods: the high medieval regional pfennig period (bracteate period), the late medieval pfennig period and the thaler period, which ended with the introduction of the mark in 1871/72. Rich silver deposits, which were discovered near Freiberg after the middle of the 12th century, helped Saxony to a leading position in German coinage. The Saxon pfennigs ('' Sachsenpfennige'') minted in eastern Saxony are also included, as described in Walther Haupt's ''Sächsischer Münzkunde'' ("Saxon Coinage"). They were minted on the basis of the Carolingian monetary reform, on which the oldest Meissen coinage is based. The different names of these pfennig types indicate a still unclear position within medieval numismatics. ''Hochrandpfennig'' (''Sachsenpfennig'') The 10th and 11th century pfennig type known as the Saxon pfennig ('' Sachsenpfennig'') with a raised edge is the most common pfennig type of this t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coinage Standards
{{disambig ...
Coinage may refer to: * Coins, standardized as currency * Neologism, coinage of a new word * ''COINage'', numismatics magazine * Tin coinage, a tax on refined tin * Protologism, coinage of a seldom used new term See also * Coining (other) * Coin (other) A coin is a small, flat, round piece of metal or plastic that is used as money. Coin or Coins may also refer to: Places France * Coin-lès-Cuvry, a municipality in Moselle * Coin-sur-Seille, a municipality in Moselle * Mont Coin, a mountain in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Money
The history of money concerns the development throughout time of systems that provide the functions of money. Such systems can be understood as means of trading wealth indirectly; not directly as with bartering. Money is a mechanism that facilitates this process. Money may take a physical form as in coins and notes, or may exist as a written or electronic account. It may have intrinsic value (commodity money), be legally exchangeable for something with intrinsic value (representative money), or only have nominal value (fiat money). Overview The invention of money took place before the beginning of written history.Denise Schmandt-Besserat [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Germany
Until the early 19th century, Germany, a federation of numerous states of varying size and development, retained its pre-industrial character, where trade centered around a number of free cities. After the extensive development of the railway network during the 1840s, rapid economic growth and modernisation sparked the process of industrialization. The largest economy in Europe by 1900, Germany had established a primary position in several key sectors, like the chemical industry and steel production. High production capacity, permanent competitiveness and subsequent protectionist policies fought out with the US and Britain were essential characteristics. By the end of World War II, the country's economic infrastructure was completely destroyed. West Germany embarked in its program of reconstruction with financial support provided by the Marshall Plan and, guided by the economic principles of the Minister of Economics Ludwig Erhard excelled in the economic miracle during the 195 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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