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Traversodont
Traversodontidae is an extinct family of herbivorous cynodonts. Traversodonts were primarily Gondwanan, with many species known from Africa and South America. Recently, traversodonts have also been found from Europe and eastern North America. Traversodonts first appeared in the Middle Triassic and diversified in the Late Triassic before going extinct at the end of the epoch. The family Traversodontidae was erected by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 for cynodonts first found in São Pedro do Sul in Paleorrota, Brazil. Description Traversodonts are members of Gomphodontia, a group of herbivorous cynognathian cynodonts. As an adaptation toward eating plants, they have wide postcanine teeth behind large canines. These postcanines are closely spaced with their crowns touching each other. Each is usually wider than it is long and is covered in several cusps. Because of their complexity, postcanine teeth are the primary means of identifying and distinguishing different species of traverso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massetognathinae
Massetognathinae is an extinct subfamily of cynodonts in the family Traversodontidae. It includes four species from the Middle and Late Triassic: ''Massetognathus pascuali'' from Argentina, ''Massetognathus ochagaviae'' and '' Santacruzodon hopsoni'' from southern Brazil, and '' Dadadon isaloi'' from Madagascar. Massetognathines have several distinguishing characteristics, including flattened skulls, small canine teeth, and postcanine teeth with three cusps on their outer edges. Massetgognathinae was defined by Kammerer ''et al.'' (2012) as the clade containing all traversodontids more closely related to ''Massetognathus pascuali'' than to '' Gomphodontosuchus brasiliensis'', and is the sister taxon of the traversodontid subfamily Gomphodontosuchinae, which was defined by Kammerer ''et al.'' (2008) as all traverodontids more closely related to ''G. brasiliensis'' than to ''M. pascuali''. Below is a cladogram from Kammerer ''et al.'' (2012) showing the phylogenetic In biology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphodontia
Gomphodontia is a clade of cynognathian cynodonts that includes the families Diademodontidae, Trirachodontidae, and Traversodontidae. Gomphodonts are distinguished by wide and closely spaced molar-like postcanine teeth, which are convergent with those of mammals. Other distinguishing characteristics of gomphodonts include deep zygomatic arches, upper postcanines with three or more cusps spanning their widths and lower postcanines with two cusps spanning their widths. Gomphodonts first appeared in the Early Triassic and became extinct at the end of the Late Triassic. Fossils are known from southern Africa, Argentina and southern Brazil (Paleorrota geopark), eastern North America, Europe, China, and Antarctica. Gomphodontia was first named by paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1895. He considered it an order of wide-toothed therapsids (then called anomodonts) from South Africa, distinct from Cynodontia. By the 1930s Gomphodontia was considered a suborder of Cynodontia and included the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphodontosuchinae
Gomphodontosuchinae is a subfamily of Triassic traversodontid cynodonts. It includes the genera ''Gomphodontosuchus'' (the type genus), ''Exaeretodon'', '' Menadon'', '' Protuberum'', '' Ruberodon'', '' Scalenodontoides'' and '' Siriusgnathus''. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... relationships of gomphodontosuchines from Kammerer ''et al.'' (2008): References Traversodontids Triassic first appearances Triassic extinctions Prehistoric animal subfamilies Tetrapod subfamilies {{Paleo-Therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctotraversodontinae
Arctotraversodontinae is a subfamily of Late Triassic cynodonts belonging to the family Traversodontidae. Members of the subfamily include '' Arctotraversodon'', '' Boreogomphodon'' and '' Plinthogomphodon'' from North America, and '' Habayia'', ''Maubeugia'', '' Microscalenodon'' and ''Rosieria'' from Europe. Classification The subfamily was erected in 2020 by Hendrickx ''et al.'', who defined it as all traversodontids more closely related to '' Arctotraversodon plemmyridon'' than to ''Massetognathus pascuali ''Massetognathus'' ( ; Greek for "chewing muscle jaw") is an extinct genus of plant-eating traversodontid cynodonts. They lived during the Triassic Period about 235 million years ago, and are known from the Chañares Formation in Argentina and t ...'' or '' Gomphodontosuchus brasiliensis''. In their cladistic analysis, they found Arctotraversodontinae to be the sister taxon of the subfamily Gomphodontosuchinae. Below is a cladogram from that analysis: References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andescynodon
''Andescynodon'' is a genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils are known from the Cerro de las Cabras and Cacheutá Formations. ''Andescynodon'' is one of the most basal traversodontids. Another traversodontid called ''Rusconiodon'' has also been identified from the Cerro de las Cabras Formation but is now considered a junior synonym of ''Andescynodon''. Description and history The type species ''Andescynodon mendozensis'' was named in 1967 and reported from the Rio Mendoza Formation. The location where remains have been found was later shown to be part of the Cerro de las Cabras Formation. Like all traversodontids, ''Andescynodon'' has wide postcanine teeth at the back of its jaws. These wide teeth are seen as evidence of a herbivorous diet and give traversodontids their name (their teeth are transversely wide). One distinguishing feature of ''Andescynodon'' is the forward position of a ridge on these postcanine teeth. The temporal r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynodont
The cynodonts () (clade Cynodontia) are a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Cynodonts had a wide variety of lifestyles, including carnivory and herbivory. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives, having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic. All other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammalian cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous. Description Early cynodonts have many of the skeletal characteristics of mammals. The teeth were fully differentiated and the braincase bulged at the back of the head. Outside of some crown-group mammals (notably the therians), all cynodonts probably laid eggs. The temporal fenestrae were much larger than those of their ancestors, and the widening of the zygomatic arch in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etjoia
''Etjoia'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts that lived during the Middle Triassic or Late Triassic period in southern Africa. This medium-sized omnivorous cynognathian provides important information on the dental evolution of early diverging gomphodonts and traversodontids. Discovery and etymology ''Etjoia'' was discovered in the upper beds of the Omingonde Formation of Namibia (dated to the Ladinian to Carnian) by American paleontologist Charles Schaff in 1996. The specimen was unearthed on the south-eastern side of the Etjo Mountain, in the Waterberg Basin of the Otjozondjupa region, in central north-west Namibia. The holotype is deposited in the Geological Survey of Namibia of Windhoek with the specimen number GSN F1591. The generic name refers to Mount Etjo from which the new genus was unearthed. The type species, ''E. dentitransitus'', refers to the possession of a transitional dentition with sub-circular upper postcanines and a large number of sectorial te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dadadon FMNH
''Dadadon'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts which existed in Madagascar during the late Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between Ma and .... The only species in the genus is ''Dadadon isaloi''. References Traversodontids Prehistoric cynodont genera Prehistoric animals of Madagascar Triassic Madagascar Middle Triassic synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 2000 {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanogomphodon
''Nanogomphodon'' is an extinct genus of cynodonts which existed in Germany during the Middle Triassic period. ''Nanogomphodon'' were small herbivorous traversodontid gomphodonts. The type species is ''Nanogomphodon wildi''. They are only known from a few isolated teeth recovered in 2006 from the Erfurt Formation of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The name comes from Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... for "dwarf peg tooth"; from (, 'dwarf'), (, 'peg' or 'nail'), and (, 'tooth'). References Traversodontids Prehistoric cynodont genera Triassic synapsids of Europe Middle Triassic synapsids Fossils of Germany Fossil taxa described in 2006 {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pascualgnathus
''Pascualgnathus'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils have been found from the Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation of the Puesto Viejo Group. The type species ''P. polanskii'' was named in 1966. Description ''Pascualgnathus'' is a small traversodontid. It has large upper canine teeth and small postcanine teeth. The postcanine teeth of ''Pascualgnathus'' and other traversodontids are wide, allowing them to eat plant material. The upper postcanines of ''Pascualgnathus'' are rectangular. Each has a central ridge and a cusp on the side facing the mouth. There are also two cusps on the side of the tooth facing the lips, with one being larger than the other. The lower postcanines have less of a rectangular shape and have only two cusps. Unlike the upper postcanines, they are longer than they are wide. Classification When ''Pascualgnathus'' was first named in 1966, it was considered a member of the family Diademodontidae more c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luangwa (cynodont)
''Luangwa'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts. The species ''Luangwa drysdalli'' was discovered 1963 in the valley of the Luangwa river in Zambia, Africa. ''Luangwa'' lived in the Triassic period 240 Million years ago. In July 2008, a skull of ''Luangwa sudamericana'' was found in the Brazilian town of Dona Francisca ( Rio Grande do Sul), which is part of the Geopark Paleorrota. The discovery was made by a team of the ULBRA The Lutheran University of Brazil (Portuguese: or ULBRA) is a university which covers several states throughout Brazil. History The university has its roots in the parish school of St. Paul's Lutheran Church of Canoas (CELSP), in Canoas, Rio .... References External links Grupo acha crânio de cinodonte. Gazeta do Sul.' Traversodontids Prehistoric cynodont genera Middle Triassic synapsids of South America Middle Triassic synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1963 {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traversodon
''Traversodon'' is an extinct genus of cynodonts. It was a relative of the ancestor to modern mammals. ''Traversodon'' lived in what is now South America. Species ''Traversodon stahleckeri'' was first found by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 in the Geopark of Paleorrota, São Pedro do Sul, Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area .... References Paleobiology DatabaseUNIVERSIDADE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL Traversodontids Prehistoric cynodont genera Late Triassic synapsids of South America Fossil taxa described in 1936 Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
