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Trademark Law By Jurisdiction
A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source and distinguishes them from others. The trademark owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package, a label, a voucher, or on the product itself. Trademarks used to identify services are sometimes called service marks. The first legislative act concerning trademarks was passed in 1266 under the reign of Henry III of England, requiring all bakers to use a distinctive mark for the bread they sold. The first modern trademark laws emerged in the late 19th century. In France, the first comprehensive trademark system in the world was passed into law in 1857. The Trade Marks Act 1938 of the United Kingdom changed the system, permitting registration based on "intent-to-use", creating an examination based process, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Of Style (trademarks)
A style guide or manual of style is a set of standards for the writing, formatting, and design of documents. It is often called a style sheet, although that term also has multiple other meanings. The standards can be applied either for general use, or be required usage for an individual publication, a particular organization, or a specific field. A style guide establishes standard style requirements to improve communication by ensuring consistency both within a document, and across multiple documents. Because practices vary, a style guide may set out standards to be used in areas such as punctuation, capitalization, citing sources, formatting of numbers and dates, table appearance and other areas. The style guide may require certain best practices in writing style, usage, language composition, visual composition, orthography, and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship, research ethics, and d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brand Piracy
Brand piracy is the act of naming a product in a manner which can result in confusion with other better known brands. According to author Robert Tönnis ''The term brand piracy is unauthorized usage of protected brand names, labels, designs or description of trade''. Annika Kristin states "brand Piracy is considered to be the premeditated use of registered trademark, its name, its tradename or the packaging and presentation of its products". It is a major loss to MNEs around the world as it causes a loss of revenue and image of the brand. Tönnis describes the consequence of brand piracy as the consumption of fake, untested and poor quality goods by consumers. This can damage the reputation of brands and even result in damage to people's health. In 2012 the CBP promised to protect the economy, the people of the US and their national security "against harm from counterfeit and pirated goods". Examples Examples for imitation and counterfeiting of branded products have been note ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counterfeit Consumer Goods
Counterfeit consumer goods (or counterfeit and fraudulent, suspect items - CFSI) are goods, often of inferior quality, made or sold under another's brand name without the brand owner's authorization. Sellers of such goods may infringe on either the trademark, patent or copyright of the brand owner by passing off its goods as made by the brand owner.Chaudhry, Peggy E., Zimmerman, Alan. ''The Economics of Counterfeit Trade: Governments, Consumers, Pirates and Intellectual Property Rights'', Springer Science & Business Media (2009) Counterfeit products made up 5 to 7% of world trade in 2013,"Challenging the Counterfeit Connector Conundrum" ''Connector Supplier'', November 4, 2013 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TT Toys Toys
TT Toys Toys SRL are an Italian manufacturer of children’s pedal and electric ride on cars. They have a factory near Milan and specialise in the manufacture of licensed replica cars for children. History Alberto Burratti, Luigi Vezzoli, Carlo Boselli and Pietro Pandini founded Toys Toys in 1978 in Tribiano near Milan. The founders came from a specialist vacuum-forming factory and wanted to apply this knowledge to the toy world. The company built up a number of partnerships with major car-manufacturers and with entertainment companies (such as Walt Disney). In 1997 Toys Toys joined the Berchet Group. The partnership with Berchet allowed Toys Toys to increase product range and encourage a direct presence in Italy. However Berchet began to suffer from financial difficulty and so in 2005 was acquired by rival company Smoby. Smoby used its vast network of global distributors to catapult Toys Toys products across the world. However Smoby themselves then fell into financial troubles an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lego Star Wars
Lego ''Star Wars'' is a Lego theme that incorporates the '' Star Wars'' saga and franchise. Originally it was only licensed from 1999 to 2008, but The Lego Group extended the license with Lucasfilm, first until 2011, then until 2016, then again until 2022, and then once more until 2032. The brand has spawned an eponymous video game series containing six video games, developed by Traveller's Tales: '' Lego Star Wars: The Video Game'' (2005), '' Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy'' (2006), '' Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga'' (2007), '' Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars'' (2011), '' Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' (2016) and '' Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga'' (2022). Multiple short films and miniseries have also been produced. Overview ''Lego Star Wars'' is based on the '' Star Wars'' saga and franchise. The product line directly focuses on the Star Wars characters from the films and TV Series, with the exception of a few special characters. Develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucasfilm
Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC is an American film and television production company and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, which is a business segment of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is best known for creating and producing the ''Star Wars'' and '' Indiana Jones'' franchises, as well as its leadership in developing special effects, sound, and computer animation for films. Lucasfilm was founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1971 in San Rafael, California; most of the company's operations were moved to San Francisco in 2005. '' Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace'' (1999), '' Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' (2015), '' Rogue One: A Star Wars Story'' (2016), '' Star Wars: The Last Jedi'' (2017) and '' Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker'' (2019) are all among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, with ''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' becoming the highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada. Disney acquired Lucasfilm on October 30, 2012, for $4.05 billion in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lego Group
Lego A/S (trade name: The Lego Group) is a Danish toy production company based in Billund, Denmark. It manufactures Lego-brand toys, consisting mostly of interlocking plastic bricks. The Lego Group has also built several amusement parks around the world, each known as Legoland, and operates numerous retail stores. The company was founded on August 10, 1932, by Ole Kirk Christiansen. The name ''Lego'' is derived from the Danish words , meaning "play well". In the first half of 2015, The Lego Group became the world's largest toy company by revenue, with sales amounting to , surpassing Mattel, which had in sales. History The Lego company was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen, a carpenter whose primary business of producing household goods had suffered due to the Great Depression. Initially producing wooden toys, the company later developed a system of interlocking bricks. Manufacturing of plastic Lego bricks began in Denmark in 1947. After a fire in the woodworking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Smurfs (merchandising)
''The Smurfs'' is a Belgian comic book series created by Peyo in 1958. It became well-known worldwide with the Hanna-Barbera cartoon series in the 1980s. With the popularity of the Smurfs came a wide range of toys and spin-off products and use of the Smurfs in merchandising. In 2008, ''Smurfs'' merchandising generated about 5 to 12 million euro in Europe alone, while the total figure after fifty years worldwide is about $5 billion. In 2020, ViacomCBS (later renamed Paramount Global in 2022) partnered with LAFIG Belgium and IMPS (the worldwide licensors for The Smurfs) to manage licensing rights to the Smurfs in several territories, as part of a deal that will also see the company's Nickelodeon channel air the IMPS-produced animated ''Smurfs'' series. Figurines Dupuis, editor of the Smurf comics, first produced smurf figurines in 1959. The first one was a series of three figurines, 5 centimetres (about 2 inches) tall, of Papa Smurf, Normal and Angry, followed in the next decade b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bullyland
Bullyland AG is a German–based manufacturing company founded in 1973 and based in Spraitbach, known worldwide as a manufacturer of hand-painted collectors' models and figurines. Bullyland has offices in New York City and Hong Kong, its own production facilities in Germany and Eastern Europe and a worldwide distribution network. Product history Bullyland's first product ranges in 1974 included Tip & Tap, mascots of the 1974 Football World Cup, which was held in the then West Germany. Further successful licences soon followed: ''Sesame Street'', ''Asterix'', ''The Pink Panther Show'', '' Alf'', and others. They also manufactured the Astrosniks figurines. Since 1977, Bullyland has also been a Walt Disney licensee. Creating Mickey and Minnie figures. The factory's other major current licences include Batman, Spider-Man, ''Pucca'', ''Looney Tunes'', Wendy and the ''Teletubbies''. In addition to these licensed ranges, Bullyland also produces a wide range of model animals – wild an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brand
A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising for recognition and, importantly, to create and store value as brand equity for the object identified, to the benefit of the brand's customers, its owners and shareholders. Brand names are sometimes distinguished from Generic brand, generic or store brands. The practice of branding - in the original literal sense of marking by burning - is thought to have begun with the ancient Egyptians, who are known to have engaged in livestock branding as early as 2,700 BCE. Branding was used to differentiate one person's cattle from another's by means of a distinctive symbol burned into the animal's skin with a hot branding iron. If a person stole any of the cattle, anyone else who saw the symbol could deduce the actual owner. The term has been extended to mean a strategic personality for a produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Registered Trademark Symbol
The registered trademark symbol, , is a typographic symbol that provides notice that the preceding word or symbol is a trademark or service mark that has been registered with a national trademark office. A trademark is a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company, product or service.For example, Unregistered trademarks can instead be marked with the trademark symbol, , while unregistered service marks are marked with the service mark symbol, . The proper manner to display these symbols is immediately following the mark; the symbol is commonly in superscript style, but that is not legally required. In many jurisdictions, only registered trademarks confer easily defended legal rights. In the US, the registered trademark symbol was originally introduced in the Trademark Act of 1946. Because the symbol is not commonly available on typewriters (or ASCII), it was common to approximate it with the characters (or ). An example of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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