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Tractatus De Mulieribus
''Tractatus de mulieribus claris in bello'' (“Treatise on Women Distinguished in Wars”; Greek: , “Women wise and brave in the art of war”) is a short ancient Greek work by an anonymous author,Gera, Deborah (1997). Warrior Women: The Anonymous Tractatus De Mulieribus. E.J. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. p. 4. . which discusses fourteen famous ancient women, of whom one is not otherwise attested. Despite the title, not all of the women discussed are warriors, and only a few are portrayed as skilled military strategists. It was written near the end of the second or the beginning of the first century BCE. Deborah Gera has suggested, however, that it was written by Pamphile of Epidaurus during the 1st century AD. It is a list of individual ancient women, and contains the following individuals: *Semiramis *Zarinaea * Nitocris the Egyptian * Nitocris the Babylonian *Argeia *Dido *Atossa * Rhodogune of Parthia * Lyde(Woman who tames her son Alyattes by fasting) * Pheretime *Tharge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories. Most of these regions were officially unified only once, for 13 years, under Alexander the Great's empire from 336 to 323 BC (though this excludes a number of Greek city-states free from Alexander's jurisdiction in the western Mediterranean, around the Black Sea, Cyprus, and Cyrenaica). In Western history, the era of classical antiquity was immediately followed by the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine period. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the Archaic period and the colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the age of Classical G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyde Of Lydia
Lyde may refer to: *Samuel Lyde (1825–1860), British missionary in Syria and pioneering author on the Alawite sect *Lyde Baronets, of Ayot St Lawrence in the County of Hertford, title in the Baronetage of Great Britain *River Lyde, Buckinghamshire, river in Buckinghamshire and tributary of the River Thames It may also refer to: *Barlow Lyde & Gilbert (BLG), is an international law firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom *Jackie Frazier-Lyde (born 1962), American lawyer and former professional boxer, daughter of Joe Frazier *John Lyde Wilson (1784–1849), the 49th Governor of South Carolina from 1822 to 1824, an ardent supporter of dueling *Lyde Browne (antiquary) (died 1787), 18th-century English antiquary and banker *Lyde Browne (British Army officer) Lyde Browne (died 1803) was an officer in the 18th-century British Army. Life The son of the antiquary Lyde Browne, his baptism probably occurred on 3 May 1759 at St John Zachary, London. He entered the army as cornet in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek Literature
Ancient Greek literature is literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire. The earliest surviving works of ancient Greek literature, dating back to the early Archaic period, are the two epic poems the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', set in an idealized archaic past today identified as having some relation to the Mycenaean era. These two epics, along with the Homeric Hymns and the two poems of Hesiod, ''Theogony'' and ''Works and Days'', constituted the major foundations of the Greek literary tradition that would continue into the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods. The lyric poets Sappho, Alcaeus, and Pindar were highly influential during the early development of the Greek poetic tradition. Aeschylus is the earliest Greek tragic playwright for whom any plays have survived complete. Sophocles is famous for his tragedies about Oedipus, particularly ''Oedipus the King'' and ''Antigone''. Euripides is known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onomaris
Onomaris was a Celtic queen regnant. She is described in the anonymous collection of Greek stories known in Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... as Tractatus De Mulieribus Claris en Bello. She is the first celtic woman mentioned in classical records. According to this text source, her people, suffering from scarcity and needing to flee their land, offered to obey anyone willing to lead them. When no man accepted the offer, Onomaris pooled their resources and led the emigration into southeastern Europe. Onomaris crossed the Ister and ruled over the land after defeating the local inhabitants in battle.Gera, Deborah (1997). Warrior Women: The Anonymous Tractatus De Mulieribus. E.J. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. p. 10-11. . She is estimated to have lived at aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artemisia I Of Caria
Artemisia I of Caria ( grc, Ἀρτεμισία; fl. 480 BC) was a queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus and of the nearby islands of Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos,Enc. Britannica, "Artemisia I" within the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria, in about 480 BC. She was of Carian-Greek ethnicity by her father Lygdamis I, and half-Cretan by her mother. She fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the independent Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece. She personally commanded her contribution of five ships at the naval battle of Artemisium and in the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. She is mostly known through the writings of Herodotus, himself a native of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and the respect in which Xerxes held her. Family and name Artemisia's father was the satrap of Halicarnassus, Lygdamis I () and her mother was from the island of Crete. She took the throne after the death of her husband, as she had a son, named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomyris
Tomyris (; grc, Τόμυρις, Tómuris; Latin: ) also called Thomyris, Tomris, or Tomiride, reigned over the Massagetae, an Iranian Saka people of Central Asia. Tomyris led her armies to defend against an attack by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire, and, according to Herodotus, defeated and killed him in 530 BC. Name The name is the Latin form of the Ancient Greek name (), which is itself the Hellenisation of a Scythian name meaning "of family" derived from a cognate of the Avestan word () and of the Old Persian word (), meaning "seed," "germ," and "kinship," and of which various reconstructed forms have been proposed, including: * or * or * or * or * or History Background Tomyris was the widowed wife of the king of the Massagetae, whom she succeeded as the queen of the tribe after he died. War with Persia When the founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Cyrus, asked for the hand of Tomyris with the intent of acquiring her kingdom through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thargelia
Thargelia ( grc, Θαργήλια) was one of the chief Athenian festivals in honour of the Delian Apollo and Artemis, held on their birthdays, the 6th and 7th of the month Thargelion (about May 24 and May 25). Essentially an agricultural festival, the Thargelia included a purifying and expiatory ceremony. While the people offered the first-fruits of the earth to the god in token of thankfulness, it was at the same time necessary to propitiate him, lest he might ruin the harvest by excessive heat, possibly accompanied by pestilence. The purificatory preceded the thanksgiving service. On the 6th a sheep was sacrificed to Demeter Chloe on the Acropolis, and perhaps a swine to the Fates, but the most important ritual was the following. Two men, the ugliest that could be found (the Pharmakoi) were chosen to die, one for the men, the other (according to some, a woman) for the women. Hipponax of Colophon claims that on the day of the sacrifice they were led round with strings of figs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alyattes
Alyattes (Lydian language: ; grc, Ἀλυάττης ; reigned c. 635-585 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges. He died after a reign of 57 years and was succeeded by his son Croesus. Alyattes was the first monarch who issued coins, made from electrum (and his successor Croesus was the first to issue gold coins). Alyattes is therefore sometimes mentioned as the originator of coinage, or of currency. Name The most likely etymology for the name derives it, via a form with initial digamma (), itself originally from a Lydian (Lydian alphabet: ). The name meant "lion-ness" (i.e. the state of being a lion), and was composed of the Lydian term (), meaning "lion", to which was added an abstract suffix (). Chronology Dates for the Mermnad kings are uncertain and are based on a computation by J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) who estimated c.687– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodogune Of Parthia
Rhodogune ( grc, Ῥοδογούνη; 2nd century BCE) was a queen of the Seleucid Empire by marriage to Demetrius II Nicator. She was the daughter of the Parthian king Mithridates I (171 BCE-132 BCE), and sister of Phraates II (ruled 132 BCE-127 BCE). Life In 138 BCE Rhodogune married Seleucid King Demetrius II Nicator (ruled 146-139 BCE, 129-126 BCE). They were kept by her brother in Hyrcania on the shores of the Caspian Sea, during which time they had several children. During their marriage, Demetrius was temporarily a hostage in the Parthian court after an ill-fated campaign in Babylonia. Polyaenus wrote that Rhodogune, informed of a revolt while preparing for a bath, vowed not to bathe or brush her hair until the revolt was quashed. She immediately went into battle, riding out to the head of her army. She defeated the rebels, and was depicted thereafter on seals of the kings of Persia with long, disheveled hair because of her adherence to her vow. This incident is also m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamphile Of Epidaurus
Pamphile or Pamphila of Epidaurus, ''Pamphílē hē Epidauría'' ( 1st century AD) was a historian of Egyptian descent who lived in Greece during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero (ruled 54 – 68 AD) and wrote in the Greek language. She was the first known female Greco-Roman historian and, along with Ban Zhao, one of the first known female historians. She is best known for her lost work ''Historical Commentaries'', a collection of miscellaneous historical anecdotes in thirty-three books. Although this collection has been lost, it is frequently cited by the Roman writer Aulus Gellius (c. 125 – after 180 AD) in his ''Attic Nights'' and by the Greek biographer Diogenes Laërtius in his ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers''. She is also described in the tenth-century Byzantine encyclopedia, the ''Suda'', and by the Byzantine writer Photios (c. 810/820 – 893). According to the ''Suda'', she also wrote a large number of epitomes of the works of other historians as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atossa
Atossa ( Old Persian: ''Utauθa'', or Old Iranian: ''Hutauθa''; 550–475 BC) was an Achaemenid empress. She was a daughter of Cyrus the Great, and a wife of Darius I. Name The name "Atossa" (or "Atusa") means "bestowing very richly" or "well trickling" or "well granting". Atossa is the Greek ( grc, Ἄτοσσα) transliteration of the Old Persian name ''Utauθa.'' Her name in Avestan is ''Hutaosā''. Life Atossa was born in . She was eldest daughter of Cyrus the Great; her mother may have been Cassandane. According to Greek sources she married her brother Cambyses II after her father's death, yet it remains problematic to determine the reliability of these accounts.Brosius, Maria (2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia"Archived copy Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. London et al. Archived frothe originalon 2020-03-13. Retrieved 2019-09-21. According to Herodotus, Cambyses supposedly married two of his sisters, Atossa and Roxane. This would have been regarded as illegal. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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