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Trachtenberg System
The Trachtenberg system is a system of rapid mental calculation. The system consists of a number of readily memorized operations that allow one to perform arithmetic computations very quickly. It was developed by the Ukrainian engineer Jakow Trachtenberg in order to keep his mind occupied while being in a Nazi concentration camp. The rest of this article presents some methods devised by Trachtenberg. Some of the algorithms Trachtenberg developed are ones for general multiplication, division and addition. Also, the Trachtenberg system includes some specialised methods for multiplying small numbers between 5 and 13 (but shown here is 2–12). The section on addition demonstrates an effective method of checking calculations that can also be applied to multiplication. General multiplication, Trachtenberg math theory The method for general multiplication is a method to achieve multiplications a\times b with low space complexity, i.e. as few temporary results as possible to be kept in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mental Calculation
Mental calculation consists of arithmetical calculations using only the human brain, with no help from any supplies (such as pencil and paper) or devices such as a calculator. People may use mental calculation when computing tools are not available, when it is faster than other means of calculation (such as conventional educational institution methods), or even in a competitive context. Mental calculation often involves the use of specific techniques devised for specific types of problems. People with unusually high ability to perform mental calculations are called mental calculators or ''lightning calculator''s. Many of these techniques take advantage of or rely on the decimal numeral system. Usually, the choice of radix is what determines which method or methods to use. Methods and techniques Casting out nines After applying an arithmetic operation to two operands and getting a result, the following procedure can be used to improve confidence in the correctness of result: # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakow Trachtenberg
Jakow Trachtenberg (17 June 1888 – 26 October 1951) was a mathematician who developed the mental calculation techniques called the Trachtenberg system. He was born in Odessa, in the Russian Empire (today Ukraine). He graduated with highest honors from the Mining Engineering Institute in St. Petersburg and later worked as an engineer in the Obukhov arms factory. While still in his early twenties, he became Chief Engineer with 11,000 men under his supervision. The Tsarist government gave him the responsibility of supervising the formation of a well-developed navy. Trachtenberg was a dedicated pacifist. When war broke out in 1914, he was instrumental in organising a society known as the Society of Good Samaritans. The idea was to train Russian students to take care of the wounded. It also had a special recognition from Tsar Nicholas II. He was against violence of any sort despite having a leading position in tsarist arms production. After the Russian Revolutions of 1917, Tracht ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Concentration Camp
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps, (officially) or (more commonly). The Nazi concentration camps are distinguished from other types of Nazi camps such as forced-labor camps, as well as concentration camps operated by Germany's allies. on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. Following the Night of Long Knives, 1934 purge of the Sturmabteilung, SA, the concentration camps were run exclusively by the SS via the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Initially, most prisoners were members of the Communist Party of Germany, but as time went on different groups were arrested, including "habitual criminals", "asocials", and Jews. After the beginning of World War II, people from German-occupied Europe were imprisoned in the concentration camps. Following A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiplicand
Multiplication (often denoted by the cross symbol , by the mid-line dot operator , by juxtaposition, or, on computers, by an asterisk ) is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the other ones being addition, subtraction, and division. The result of a multiplication operation is called a ''product''. The multiplication of whole numbers may be thought of as repeated addition; that is, the multiplication of two numbers is equivalent to adding as many copies of one of them, the ''multiplicand'', as the quantity of the other one, the ''multiplier''. Both numbers can be referred to as ''factors''. :a\times b = \underbrace_ For example, 4 multiplied by 3, often written as 3 \times 4 and spoken as "3 times 4", can be calculated by adding 3 copies of 4 together: :3 \times 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 Here, 3 (the ''multiplier'') and 4 (the ''multiplicand'') are the ''factors'', and 12 is the ''product''. One of the main properties of multiplication is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachtenberg Division
Trachtenberg ( Russian/ Ukrainian: Трахтенберг, yi, טראַכֿטנבערג; he, טרכטנברג, is a surname of several notable people, typically an Ashkenazi Jewish surname, especially Bessarabian and Ukrainian. Sometimes the name is transliterated to Trachtenburg, whilst Jews from Argentina often spell the name Trajtenberg according to Spanish spelling norms. Some more recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union have had the name transliterated as Trakhtenberg when entering the US. Trachtenberg, literally "a mountain of costumes" (in German), or "a mountain of thoughts" (in Yiddish), is actually the former German name of a town in Silesia now called by the Polish name Żmigród, where Jews were a significant part of the population until the Second World War and the Holocaust. Jews who bear this name are usually descendants of families who moved from Trachtenburg, Silesia, to another place in central or eastern Europe (and then elsewhere, later on), and became k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12 (number)
12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 (number), 11 and preceding 13 (number), 13. Twelve is a superior highly composite number, divisible by 2 (number), 2, 3 (number), 3, 4 (number), 4, and 6 (number), 6. It is the number of years required for an Jupiter#Pre-telescopic research, orbital period of Jupiter. It is central to many systems of timekeeping, including the Gregorian calendar, Western calendar and time, units of time of day and frequently appears in the world's major religions. Name Twelve is the largest number with a monosyllable, single-syllable name in English language, English. Early Germanic languages, Germanic numbers have been theorized to have been non-decimal: evidence includes the unusual phrasing of 11 (number), eleven and twelve, the long hundred, former use of "hundred" to refer to groups of 120 (number), 120, and the presence of glosses such as "tentywise" or "ten-count" in medieval texts showing that writers could not presume their readers would no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gifted (2017 Film)
''Gifted'' is a 2017 American drama film directed by Marc Webb and written by Tom Flynn. It stars Chris Evans, Mckenna Grace, Lindsay Duncan, Jenny Slate and Octavia Spencer. The plot follows an intellectually gifted seven-year-old who becomes the subject of a custody battle between her maternal uncle and maternal grandmother. The film was released on April 7, 2017, by Fox Searchlight Pictures, and grossed $43 million worldwide. At the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, Mckenna Grace was nominated for Best Young Actor/Actress. The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances of Evans and Grace, but noted its predictability. Plot In St. Petersburg, Florida, seven-year-old Mary Adler lives with her uncle and ''de facto'' guardian, Frank. Her best friend is her 43-year-old neighbor, Roberta Taylor. On her first day of first grade, she shows remarkable mathematical talent, which impresses her teacher, Bonnie Stevenson. There, despite her initial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharati Krishna Tirtha's Vedic Mathematics
''Vedic Mathematics'' is a book written by the Indian monk Bharati Krishna Tirtha, and first published in 1965. It contains a list of mathematical techniques, which were falsely claimed to have been retrieved from the Vedas and containing mathematical knowledge. Krishna Tirtha failed to produce the sources, and scholars unanimously note it to be a mere compendium of tricks for increasing the speed of elementary mathematical calculations sharing no overlap with historical mathematical developments during the Vedic period. However, there has been a proliferation of publications in this area and multiple attempts to integrate the subject into mainstream education by right-wing Hindu nationalist governments. Contents The book contains metaphorical aphorisms in the form of sixteen ''sutras'' and thirteen sub-sutras, which Krishna Tirtha states allude to significant mathematical tools.S. G. Dani (December 2006).Myths and reality : On ‘Vedic mathematics’. :* Originally publis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
