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Toynbee
Toynbee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), British economic historian * Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889–1975), British historian * Geoffrey Toynbee (1885–1914), English cricketer * Henry Toynbee (1819–1909), British merchant sailor and meteorologist * Jocelyn Toynbee (1897–1985), British archaeologist and art historian * Joseph Toynbee (1815–1866), British physician, pioneer of otolaryngology * Matthew Toynbee (born 1956), New Zealand cricketer * Paget Toynbee (1855–1932), British Dante scholar * Philip Toynbee (1916–1981), British writer * Polly Toynbee (born 1946), British journalist and writer See also * Toynbee Hall, a settlement in London inspired by and named in honour of Arnold Toynbee * ''The Toynbee Convector'', a time-travel story by Ray Bradbury, vaguely based on the philosophy of Arnold Joseph Toynbee * Toynbee's law of challenge and response, after Arnold J. Toynbee. * Toynbee tiles, mysterious tiles e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toynbee's Law Of Challenge And Response
Arnold Joseph Toynbee (; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London. From 1918 to 1950, Toynbee was considered a leading specialist on international affairs; from 1924 to 1954 he was the Director of Studies at Chatham House, in which position he also produced 34 volumes of the ''Survey of International Affairs,'' a "bible" for international specialists in Britain. He is best known for his 12-volume ''A Study of History'' (1934–1961). With his prodigious output of papers, articles, speeches and presentations, and numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was a widely read and discussed scholar in the 1940s and 1950s. Biography Toynbee (born in London on 14 April 1889) was the son of Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), secretary of the Charity Organization Society, and his wife Sara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Joseph Toynbee
Arnold Joseph Toynbee (; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London. From 1918 to 1950, Toynbee was considered a leading specialist on international affairs; from 1924 to 1954 he was the Director of Studies at Chatham House, in which position he also produced 34 volumes of the ''Survey of International Affairs,'' a "bible" for international specialists in Britain. He is best known for his 12-volume ''A Study of History'' (1934–1961). With his prodigious output of papers, articles, speeches and presentations, and numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was a widely read and discussed scholar in the 1940s and 1950s. Biography Toynbee (born in London on 14 April 1889) was the son of Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), secretary of the Charity Organization Society, and his wife Sarah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polly Toynbee
Mary Louisa "Polly" Toynbee (; born 27 December 1946) is a British journalist and writer. She has been a columnist for ''The Guardian'' newspaper since 1998. She is a social democrat and was a candidate for the Social Democratic Party in the 1983 general election. She now broadly supports the Labour Party, although she was critical of its left-wing leader, Jeremy Corbyn. Toynbee previously worked as social affairs editor for the BBC and also for ''The Independent'' newspaper. She is vice-president of Humanists UK, having previously served as its president between 2007 and 2012. She was also named Columnist of the Year at the 2007 British Press Awards. She became a patron of right to die organization My Death My Decision in 2021. Background Toynbee was born at Yafford on the Isle of Wight, the second daughter of the literary critic Philip Toynbee by his first wife Anne Barbara Denise (1920-2004), daughter of Lieutenant George Powell, of the Grenadier Guards. Her grandfather w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toynbee Hall
Toynbee Hall is a charitable institution that works to address the causes and impacts of poverty in the East End of London and elsewhere. Established in 1884, it is based in Commercial Street, Spitalfields, and was the first university-affiliated institution of the worldwide settlement movement—a reformist social agenda that strove to get the rich and poor to live more closely together in an interdependent community. It was founded by Henrietta and Samuel Barnett in the economically depressed East End, and was named in memory of their friend and fellow reformer, Oxford historian Arnold Toynbee, who had died the previous year. Toynbee Hall continues to strive to bridge the gap between people of all social and financial backgrounds, with a focus on working towards a future without poverty. History Shortly after their marriage in 1873, Samuel Barnett and his wife, Henrietta, moved to the Whitechapel district of the East End of London.Canon and Mrs. S.A. Barnett (1909The Beginn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toynbee Tiles
The Toynbee tiles, also called Toynbee plaques, are messages of unknown origin found embedded in asphalt of streets in about two dozen major cities in the United States and four South American cities. Since the 1980s, several hundred tiles have been discovered. They are generally about the size of an American license plate (roughly ), but sometimes considerably larger. They contain some variation of the following inscription: TOYNBEE IDEA IN MOViE '2001 RESURRECT DEAD ON PLANET JUPiTER Some of the more elaborate tiles also feature cryptic political statements or exhort readers to create and install similar tiles. The material used for making the tiles was initially unknown, but evidence has emerged that they may be primarily made of layers of linoleum and asphalt crack-filling compound. Articles about the tiles began appearing in the mid-1990s, though references may have started to appear in the mid-1980s. History The Toynbee tiles were first photographed in the late 1980s, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Toynbee
Joseph Toynbee FRS (30 December 1815 Another son, Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), was the father of universal historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and archaeologist and art historian Jocelyn Toynbee. He died on 7 July 1866, at 18, Saville Row, Mayfair, while conducting experiments with prussic acid and chloroform as a remedy for tinnitus. Either one of these substances or their combination is to blame for his death. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon, on 11 July 1866. Joseph's residence on the burial register was listed as Wimbledon. He lived at Beech Holme, Wimbledon. Career He performed studies on the functionality of the Eustachian tube and of the tympanic membrane and tried to restore attempts, the tympanoplasty. When St. Mary's Hospital was founded in Paddington, he a became an aural surgeon and a lecturer on ear diseases – his course of clinical lectures being published in 1855 and 1866. During this time period he composed two major works: "A Descriptive Catal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Toynbee
Theodore Philip Toynbee (25 June 1916 – 15 June 1981) was a British writer and communist. He wrote experimental novels, and distinctive verse novels, one of which was an epic called ''Pantaloon'', a work in several volumes, only some of which are published. He also wrote memoirs of the 1930s, and reviews and literary criticism, the latter mainly via his employment with ''The Observer'' newspaper. Life He was born in Oxford; his father was the historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and his mother was Rosalind Murray. He was educated at Rugby School, where he became rebellious, reacting against the public school system. Inspired by the example of Esmond Romilly, later a friend, he ran away, returned shortly and was expelled. He later wrote a memoir of Romilly, and Jasper Ridley (1913–1944), entitled ''Friends Apart''. Through Romilly, Toynbee met Jessica Mitford, who became a close friend after Esmond died in WWII. He was also influenced by bookshop owner and would-be encourager of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jocelyn Toynbee
Jocelyn Mary Catherine Toynbee, (3 March 1897 – 31 December 1985) was an English archaeologist and art historian. "In the mid-twentieth century she was the leading British scholar in Roman artistic studies and one of the recognized authorities in this field in the world." Having taught at St Hugh's College, Oxford, the University of Reading, and Newnham College, Cambridge, she was Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cambridge from 1951 to 1962. Biography Jocelyn Toynbee was the daughter of Harry Valpy Toynbee, secretary of the Charity Organization Society, and his wife Sarah Edith Marshall (1859–1939). Her brother Arnold J. Toynbee was the noted universal history, universal historian. Toynbee was educated at The Westgate School, Winchester, Winchester High School for Girls and (like her mother) at Newnham College, Cambridge (1916–20), where she achieved a first class honours, First in the Classical Tripos. Toynbee completed her doctoral thesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Toynbee Convector
"The Toynbee Convector" is a science fiction short story by American writer Ray Bradbury. First published in ''Playboy'' magazine in 1984, the story was subsequently featured in a 1988 short story collection also titled '' The Toynbee Convector''. Plot summary Roger Shumway, a reporter, is invited to visit Craig Bennett Stiles, a 130-year-old man also known as the Time Traveler. This is the first interview Stiles has granted since shortly after his return from the future, 100 years earlier. Stiles had claimed then that he invented a time machine (which he privately refers to as his ''Toynbee Convector'', although he does not reveal the name of the device to anyone until much later). Stiles used the machine to travel forward in time about a hundred years from what was an economically and creatively stagnant society (c. 1984). On returning to that present, he showed evidence — films and other records collected on his journey — showing that humanity developed an ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paget Toynbee
Paget Jackson Toynbee, FBA (1855–1932) was a British Dante scholar. Robert Hollander has described Toynbee as 'the most influential Dantean scholar of his time'. Toynbee also provided thousands of quotes for the ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Works *''A Dictionary of Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898:*revised, 1968, Charles S. Singleton *''Dante studies and researches'' (1902) *'A Chronological List of English Translations from Dante from Chaucer to the present day' in ''The twenty-ninth annual report of the Dante Society (Cambridge, Massachusetts) 1905'' (1906) *''Dante Alighieri His Life and Works'' (1910) *'An unrecorded seventeenth century version of the ''Vita di Dante'' of Leonardo Bruni' in ''The twenty-ninth annual report of the Dante Society (Cambridge, Massachusetts) 1910'' (1912) *''Concise Dictionary of Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914) *''The Correspondenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoffrey Toynbee
Geoffrey Percy Robert Toynbee (18 May 1885 — 15 November 1914) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. Cricket and military career The son of Percy Toynbee and Frances Raitt, he was born at Paddington in May 1885. He was educated at Winchester College, where he played for the college cricket team. From Winchester, he attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. There he played for the Sandhurst XI, becoming one of the college's most successful batsman in its history, averaging 70.71 in 1904 and 42.33 in 1905. He graduated from Sandhurst into the Rifle Brigade as a second lieutenant in August 1905, with promotion to lieutenant following in May 1909. In 1911, while playing cricket for the Green Jackets against Aldershot Command, he made scores of 115 and 101 not out. A member of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) since 1904, Toynbee made his debut in first-class cricket for the MCC against Kent in 1912 at Lord's. His performances in army matches bought hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Toynbee
Henry Toynbee FRAS FRGS (22 October 1819 – 29 March 1909) was an merchant sailor and an early meteorologist, whose career was dedicated to passing on his expertise. He introduced local weather-forecasting to the British Isles. Personal life Henry Toynbee was born in Heckington, Lincolnshire on 22 October 1819, and baptised there the next day. He was the sixth son of fifteen children of the wealthy land owner and farmer George Toynbee (1783–1865). George's first wife, and Henry's mother, was Elizabeth, née Cullen, (1785–1820). Henry's parents were married at Bracebridge, Lincolnshire, on 21 May 1811, by Licence. On 22 December 1854 Henry, aged 35, married 25-year-old Ellen Philadelphia Smyth (July 1828 – 1881), a daughter of Admiral William Henry Smyth. Her brothers were: * Sir Warington Wilkinson Smyth FRS, 24 August 1817 – 19 June 1890 * Charles Piazzi Smyth, 3 January 1819 – 21 February 1900 * General Sir Henry Augustus Smyth, 25 November 1825 – 18 September 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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