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Torlak Kemal
Torlak Kemal, born as Samuel of Manisa (died 1419 in Manisa), was one of the followers of Sheikh Bedreddin. Together with Börklüce Mustafa, he led the Sheikh Bedreddin revolt. Identity Torlak Kemal, a murid of Sheikh Bedreddin (1359–1420), was known with his birth name Samuel of Manisa. He later converted to Islam and changed his name to Kemal and became a Torlak, a Kalenderis. Death Probably around the same time as Börklüce Mustafa, he started a rebellion in Manisa, Ottoman Empire. The uprising was a small one. It was crushed with violence by the Ottomans, and all the rebels were killed. It is unknown whether the rebellion was committed with the approval of Sheikh Bedreddin, but all sources agree on the fact that Börklüce Mustafa and Torlak Kemal were followers of Sheikh Bedreddin, a Muslim Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manisa
Manisa (), historically known as Magnesia, is a city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province. Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port city and the regional metropolitan center of İzmir and by its fertile hinterland rich in quantity and variety of agricultural production. In fact, İzmir's proximity also adds a particular dimension to all aspects of life's pace in Manisa in the form of a dense traffic of daily commuters between the two cities, separated as they are by a half-hour drive served by a fine six-lane highway nevertheless requiring attention at all times due to its curves and the rapid ascent (sea-level to more than 500 meters at Sabuncubeli Pass) across Mount Sipylus's mythic scenery. The historic part of Manisa spreads out from a forested valley in the immediate slopes of Sipylus mountainside, along Çaybaşı Stream which flows next to Niobe's "Weeping Rock" (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Bedreddin
Sheikh Bedreddin (1359–1420) ( ota, شیخ بدرالدین), full name Sheikh Bedreddin Mahmud bin Israel bin Abdulaziz was an influential mystic, scholar, theologian, and revolutionary. He is best known for his role in a 1416 revolt against the Ottoman Empire, in which he and his disciples posed a serious challenge to the authority of Sultan Mehmed I and the Ottoman state. Early life Many details of Bedreddin's early life are disputed, as much of it is the subject of legend and folklore. He was born in 1359 in the town of Simavna (Kyprinos), near Edirne. His father was the '' ghazi'' of the town, and his mother was the daughter of a Byzantine fortress commander. He was born in a family with political and intellectual prominence. His grandfather was a high-ranking Seljuk officer. Notably, Bedreddin was of mixed Muslim and Christian parentage, with a Christian mother and a Muslim father; this contributed to his syncretic religious beliefs later in life. Turkish scholar Cemal Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Börklüce Mustafa
Börklüce Mustafa was one of the principal disciples of Sheikh Bedreddin. He lived around the turn of the 14th/15th centuries, and preached a system that can be compared to modern Communism. Between 1415–1416 he gathered Turkmen peasants, Greek sailors and Jewish merchants on the Karaburun peninsula in order to rebel against high taxes and other injustices. Primary accounts Börklüce Mustafa's life is relatively obscure, and well into the 20th century scarcely covered by scholarship, except in the context of his mentor, Sheikh Bedreddin. The main primary account on his activities is that of the Byzantine historian Doukas, along with a few scattered references in other sources. As a result, not even his name is certain, "Börklüce Mustafa" being but one of the suggested original names for Doukas' Hellenized rendering Περκλιτζία Μουσταφᾶ. Origin and teachings Mustafa himself possibly hailed from Samos Island, since a Cretan hermit on Chios maintained to Do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murid
In Sufism, a ''murīd'' (Arabic مُرِيد 'one who seeks') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by ''sulūk'' (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title murshid, '' pir'' or ''shaykh''. A '' sālik'' or Sufi follower only becomes a ''murīd'' when he makes a pledge ('' bayʿah'') to a ''murshid''. The equivalent Persian term is ''shāgird''. The initiation process of a ''murīd'' is known as ''ʿahd'' ( ar, عَهْد) or ''bai'ath''. Before initiation, a ''murid'' is instructed by his guide, who must first accept the initiate as his disciple. Throughout the instruction period, the ''murīd'' typically experiences waridates like visions and dreams during personal spiritual awrads and exercises. These visions are interpreted by the ''murshid''. A common practice among the early Sufi orders was to grant a ''khirqa'' or a robe to the ''murīd'' upon the initiation or after he had progressed through a series of increasingly difficult and sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century People From The Ottoman Empire
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian dates from 1 January 1401 ( MCDI) to 31 December 1500 ( MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constantinople, known as the capital of the world an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebels From The Ottoman Empire
Rebels may refer to: * Participants in a rebellion * Rebel groups, people who refuse obedience or order * Rebels (American Revolution), patriots who rejected British rule in 1776 Film and television * ''Rebels'' (film) or ''Rebelles'', a 2019 French comedy film * '' Rebelové'', a 2001 Czech musical film * "Rebels" (''Law & Order'' episode), a 1995 episode of the TV series ''Law & Order'' * Rebel Alliance, a fictional group of heroes from ''Star Wars'' * ''Star Wars Rebels'', a CGI animated television series Music * ''Rebels'' (album), a 2006 studio album by RBD * ''Rebels'' (EP), a 2011 EP by Black Veil Brides * "Rebels" (song), a 1985 song by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers Sports * Melbourne Rebels, an Australian rugby union team * Ole Miss Rebels, the sports team name of the University of Mississippi * UNLV Rebels, the sports team name of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Other uses * Rebels Motorcycle Club, an outlaw motorcycle club in Australia See also * * Reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1419 Deaths
Year 1419 ( MCDXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 19 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, which brings Normandy under the control of England. * June 20 – The Ōei Invasion of Tsushima Island, Japan by Joseon Korea begins. * July 30 – The first Defenestration of Prague occurs in Bohemia. * August – Siege of Ceuta: The Portuguese successfully defend off the invading Moroccans who attempt to retake the city of Ceuta. * September 10 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin. * November – The Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty ends four years of conflict, by recognizing Venetian possessions in the Aegean and the Balkans. Date unknown * Portuguese sea captains João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira, at the service of Prince Henry the Navigator, dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Executed By The Ottoman Empire By Hanging
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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