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Tobia Aoun
Tobia Aoun (December 1803 – 4 April 1871) (''Tubiya, Tobias, Tubiyya, Aun, Awn'') was an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, Archbishop of Beirut, Count of Rome, Bishop of Acre, Israel, Saint-John-Acre, Knight of the French Legion of Honour, Knight of the Order of the Medjidie, Ottoman Order of the Medjidie, and Council Father of the First Vatican Council. He was the first Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut and a much respected leader of the Maronites during the 1860 Lebanon conflict, 1859–1860 conflict in Mount Lebanon. Life Tobia Aoun was born in December 1803 in a small village along the banks of the Damour river, Damour River in Lebanon, under the Maronite Church, Maronite Patriarchy of Joseph Tyan, Joseph VII Peter Tyan. In 1815, at the young age of 12, he joined the Congregation of the Virgin Mary. Three years later, at the age of 15, he joined the Lebanese Maronite Order, monastic order of the Antonins "Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobia Aoun
Tobia Aoun (December 1803 – 4 April 1871) (''Tubiya, Tobias, Tubiyya, Aun, Awn'') was an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, Archbishop of Beirut, Count of Rome, Bishop of Acre, Israel, Saint-John-Acre, Knight of the French Legion of Honour, Knight of the Order of the Medjidie, Ottoman Order of the Medjidie, and Council Father of the First Vatican Council. He was the first Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut and a much respected leader of the Maronites during the 1860 Lebanon conflict, 1859–1860 conflict in Mount Lebanon. Life Tobia Aoun was born in December 1803 in a small village along the banks of the Damour river, Damour River in Lebanon, under the Maronite Church, Maronite Patriarchy of Joseph Tyan, Joseph VII Peter Tyan. In 1815, at the young age of 12, he joined the Congregation of the Virgin Mary. Three years later, at the age of 15, he joined the Lebanese Maronite Order, monastic order of the Antonins "Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maronite Church
The Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic ''sui iuris'' particular church in full communion with the pope and the worldwide Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The current head of the Maronite Church is Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi, who was elected in March 2011 following the resignation of Patriarch Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir. The current seat of the Maronite Patriarchate is in Bkerke, northeast of Beirut, Lebanon. Officially known as the Antiochene Syriac Maronite Church, it is part of Syriac Christianity by liturgy and heritage. The early development of the Maronite Church can be divided into three periods, from the 4th to the 7th centuries. A congregation movement, with Saint Maron from the Taurus Mountains as an inspirational leader and patron saint, marked the first period. The second began with the establishment of the Monastery of Saint Maroun on the Orontes, built after the Council of Chalcedon to defend the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Peter Hobaish
Joseph VIII Peter Hobaish (April 23, 1787 in Sahel Aalma, Lebanon – May 23, 1845 in Dimane, Lebanon), (or Youssef Hobaish, ''Yusuf Hubaysh'', ''Hubais'', ''Hobeish'', ''Hobaich'', ar, يوسف الثامن بطرس حبيش), was a bishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli and 68th Maronite Patriarch of Antioch from 1823 until his death in 1845. Life Joseph Peter Hobaish was born in the village of Sahel Aalma, near Jounieh, in the Keserwan District, Lebanon on April 23, 1787. He studied at the seminary of 'Ain Warqa and was ordained priest on June 26, 1814, and later he was consecrated bishop of Tripoli on January 30, 1820 by Patriarch John Helou. Patriarch John Helou died on May 12, 1823, and Joseph Peter Hobaish was elected Patriarch on May 25, 1823 by the patriarchal synod in the monastery of Santa Maria of Qannubin. On May 29, 1823 took place his ceremony of enthronement. Pope Leo XII confirmed his election on May 3, 1824 even if there were some canonical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a " prisoner of the Vatican". At the time of his election, he was seen as a champion of liberalism and reform, but the Revolutions of 1848 decisively reversed his policies. Upon the assassination of his Prime Minister Rossi, Pius escaped Rome and excommunicated all participants in the short-lived Roman Republic. After its suppression by the French army and his return in 1850, his policies and doctrinal pronouncements became increasingly conservative, seeking to stem the revolutionary tide. In his 1849 encyclical '' Ubi primum'', he emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Peter Massad
Paul I Peter Massad (born 16 February 1806 in Ashqout, Lebanon – died on 18 April 1890 in Bkerké, Lebanon) (or Boulos Boutros Massaad, ''Mas'ad'', ar, بولس الأول بطرس مسعد) was the 70th Maronite Christianity in Lebanon, Maronite List of Maronite Patriarchs, Patriarch of Antioch from 1854 until his death in 1890. Life Paul Peter Massad was born in the village of Ashqout, in the Keserwan District, Lebanon on February 16, 1806. He studied in the seminary of 'Ain-Ourakat and later in Rome in the College of the Propaganda where he remained seven years. Returned in Lebanon, he became secretary of Patriarch Joseph Peter Hobaish, who ordained him as a Priesthood (Catholic Church), priest on June 13, 1830. Patriarch Joseph Peter Hobaish consecrated Paul Peter Massad titular bishop of Tarsus, Mersin, Tarsus on March 28, 1841, and appointed him as his own spiritual vicar. After Patriarch Joseph Ragi El Khazen's death, Paul Peter Massad was elected patriarch of Antioch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Gregory XVI
Pope Gregory XVI ( la, Gregorius XVI; it, Gregorio XVI; born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in 1 June 1846. He had adopted the name Mauro upon entering the religious order of the Camaldolese. Strongly conservative and traditionalist, he opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States and throughout Europe, seeing them as fronts for revolutionary leftism. Against these trends, Gregory XVI sought to strengthen the religious and political authority of the papacy (see ultramontanism). In the encyclical ''Mirari vos'', he pronounced it "false and absurd, or rather mad, that we must secure and guarantee to each one liberty of conscience." He encouraged missionary activity abroad and condemned the slave trade. He is the most recent pope to take the pontifical name " Gregory", and the most recent pope who was not a bishop when elected. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimane
Dimane (or Diman, ) is a mountainous village in the Bsharri District, in the North Governorate of Lebanon. It sits at approximately 1400m above sea level, overlooking the Kadisha Valley. The inhabitants of Dimane are Lebanese and are followers of the Maronite Catholic Church. Its patron saint is Saint Joseph and his feast day is celebrated on 19 March each year. Summer Patriarchal residence The village is well known as the summer residence of the Maronite Patriarch, currently Mar Béchara Pierre Raï. The foundation stone for the current Patriarchal residence was laid on 28 September 1899. Key sites Dimane is also known for the "Garden of the Patriarchs", located in the west end of the village, and for the ancient footpath which starts behind the village's parish church, Saint John Maroun, and leads to the bottom of the Kadisha Valley where the Maronites headed by their Patriarch took refuge for centuries after the Arab Muslim invasions in the seventh century. Families Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Ragi El Khazen
Joseph IX Ragi El Khazen (born in 1791, Ajaltoun, Lebanon – died on 3 November 1854, Dimane, Lebanon), (or Youssef El-Khazen, ''Gazen'', ar, يوسف التاسع الخازن, la, Iosephus Alchasen), was a former bishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli and the 69th Maronite Patriarch of Antioch from 1845 until his death in 1854. Life Joseph Ragi El Khazen was born in the village of Ajaltoun, in the Keserwan District, Lebanon in 1791, and he was a member of the Khazen family, which ruled the Keserwan District. The Khazen family had the privilege of nominating three Archbishops, including the one of Damascus. However, Joseph El Khazen was appointed Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli and so consecrated bishop on April 6, 1830, by the Maronite Patriarch Joseph Peter Hobaish. When Patriarch Joseph Peter Hobaish died on May 23, 1845, Mount Lebanon was in the middle of the conflict between the Druze and Maronite communities after the so-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarchs
The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate (bishop), primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholicism, Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certain cases also ''Pope (word), popes'' – such as the Pope of Rome or Pope of Alexandria, and ''catholicos, catholicoi'' – such as Catholicos Karekin II). The word is derived from Greek language, Greek πατριάρχης (''patriarchēs''), meaning "chief or father of a family", a compound of πατριά (''patria''), meaning "family", and ἄρχειν (''archein''), meaning "to rule". Originally, a ''patriarch'' was a man who exercised Autocracy, autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is termed patriarchy. Historically, a patriarch has often been the logical choice to act as ethnarch of the community identified with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maronites
The Maronites ( ar, الموارنة; syr, ܡܖ̈ܘܢܝܐ) are a Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of the Middle East, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the largest concentration long residing near Mount Lebanon in modern Lebanon. The Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church in full communion with the Pope and the rest of the Catholic Church, whose membership also includes non-ethnic Maronites. The Maronites derive their name from the Syriac Christian saint Maron, some of whose followers migrated to the area of Mount Lebanon from their previous place of residence around the area of Antioch, and established the nucleus of the Antiochene Syriac Maronite Church. Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Aoun Signature
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. Organizationally, several Christian denominations utilize ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the ministerial priesthood, given responsibility by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
