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Titanosauriformes
Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence ''macro''- meaning large, and –''naria'' meaning nose). Fossil evidence suggests that macronarian dinosaurs lived from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) through the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Macronarians have been found globally, including discoveries in Argentina, the United States, Portugal, China, and Tanzania. Like other sauropods, they are known to have inhabited primarily terrestrial areas, and little evidence exists to suggest that they spent much time in coastal environments. Macronarians are diagnosed through their distinct characters on their skulls, as well as appendicular and vertebral characters. Macronaria is composed of several subclades and families notably including Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes, among severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiosauridae
The Brachiosauridae ("arm lizards", from Greek ''brachion'' (βραχίων) = "arm" and ''sauros'' = "lizard") are a family or clade of herbivorous, quadrupedal sauropod dinosaurs. Brachiosaurids had long necks that enabled them to access the leaves of tall trees that other sauropods would have been unable to reach. In addition, they possessed thick spoon-shaped teeth which helped them to consume tough plants more efficiently than other sauropods. They have also been characterized by a few unique traits or synapomorphies; dorsal vertebrae with 'rod-like' transverse processes and an ischium with an abbreviated pubic peduncle. ''Brachiosaurus'' is one of the best-known members of the Brachiosauridae, and was once thought to be the largest land animal to ever live. Brachiosaurids thrived in the regions which are now North and South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. They first appear in the fossil record in the Late Jurassic Period (possibly even earlier in the Middle Jurassic) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
"Brachiosaurus" Nougaredi
''Brachiosaurus'' () is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about 154to 150million years ago. It was first described by American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 from fossils found in the Colorado River valley in western Colorado, United States. Riggs named the dinosaur ''Brachiosaurus altithorax''; the generic name is Greek for "arm lizard", in reference to its proportionately long arms, and the specific name means "deep chest". ''Brachiosaurus'' is estimated to have been between 18 and 22 meters (59 and 72ft) long; body mass estimates of the subadult holotype specimen range from 28.3 to 46.9 metric tons (31.2 and 51.7 short tons). It had a disproportionately long neck, small skull, and large overall size, all of which are typical for sauropods. Atypically, ''Brachiosaurus'' had longer forelimbs than hindlimbs, which resulted in a steeply inclined trunk, and a proportionally shorter tail. ''Brachiosaurus'' is the nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusuisaurus
''Fusuisaurus'' (meaning "Fusui lizard" from the name of the county where it was discovered) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Fragmentary postcranial remains of this animal have been discovered in 2001 in the Napai Formation of Guangxi, China and consist of the left ilium, left pubis, anterior caudals, most of the dorsal ribs and distal end of the left femur. This sauropod has been described as a basal titanosauriform. The type species is ''F. zhaoi'', named in honour of Chinese paleontologist Zhao Xijin. Size In 2016 Gregory S. Paul Gregory Scott Paul (born December 24, 1954) is an American freelance researcher, author and illustrator who works in paleontology, and more recently has examined sociology and theology. He is best known for his work and research on theropod dino ... gave a length of 22 meters (72 ft) and a weight of 35 tonnes (38.6 short tons). This sauropod was very large animal, as its humerus was 183.5 cm long. Despite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithopsis
''Ornithopsis'' (meaning "bird-likeness") was a medium-sized Early Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur, from England. The type species, which is the only species seen as valid today, is ''O. hulkei''. History of discovery Gideon Algernon Mantell described many fossils that had been previously collected from the Tilgate Forest of the Early Cretaceous Wealden Formation in his 1833 paper on the geology of southeast England, including a bone he considered to be the of ''Iguanodon'', otherwise only known definitively from teeth that had been found in the area since 1822. The bone was redescribed by Richard Owen in 1854, who reaffirmed its referral as a quadrate of ''Iguanodon'', but also suggested it could be the same bone of ''Streptospondylus'' or ''Cetiosaurus'' as it was not directly associated with the characteristic teeth of ''Iguanodon''. This specimen is stored as British Museum of Natural History R2239, having been purchased from Mantell in 1838. BMNH R28632, a similar bone to BMN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarasauridae
Camarasauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs. Among sauropods, camarasaurids are small to medium-sized, with relatively short necks. They are visually identifiable by a short skull with large nares, and broad, spatulate teeth filling a thick jaw.1. Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (Eds.). (1990). ''The dinosauria''. Univ of California Press. Based on cervical vertebrae and cervical rib biomechanics, camarasaurids most likely moved their necks in a vertical, rather than horizontal, sweeping motion, in contrast to most diplodocids. Taxonomy Camarasauridae was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1877. Its type genus is '' Camarasaurus'', and it is defined as the clade containing all species more closely related to ''Camarasaurus supremus'' than ''Saltasaurus loricatus''. Phylogenetic relationships Camarasauridae is typically regarded as belonging to Macronaria, one of the two major branches of Neosauropoda. Within Macronaria, it occupies a basal position, outsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brohisaurus
''Brohisaurus'' is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, based on largely indeterminate fragments of some ribs, vertebrae, and limb bones. The type and only species, ''B. kirthari'', was described by M. Sadiq Malkani in 2003 and it is currently the only valid genus of dinosaur known from Pakistan to date. The genus name means "Baluchi lizard" and refers to the Baluchi people who live in the area where it was found. The species name refers to the Kirthar Mountains. The fossils were discovered in the lowest portion of the Kimmeridgian Sembar Formation from the Kirthar foldbelt in Pakistan. Description ''Baluchisaurus'', like all sauropod dinosaurs, would have been a large-bodied, long-necked herbivore. Its femur was only 12 cm across. The 15 to 20 meter long titanosauriform '' Phuwiangosaurus'', by contrast, had a femur 20 cm in diameter. Classification ''Brohisaurus'' was originally described as a titanosaur. Malkani suggested it was si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya; their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. Birds, at over 10,700 living species, are among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauropod
Sauropoda (), whose members are known as sauropods (; from '' sauro-'' + '' -pod'', 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs. Sauropods had very long necks, long tails, small heads (relative to the rest of their body), and four thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land. Well-known genera include ''Brachiosaurus'', ''Diplodocus'', ''Apatosaurus'' and ''Brontosaurus''. The oldest known unequivocal sauropod dinosaurs are known from the Early Jurassic. ''Isanosaurus'' and ''Antetonitrus'' were originally described as Triassic sauropods, but their age, and in the case of ''Antetonitrus'' also its sauropod status, were subsequently questioned. Sauropod-like sauropodomorph tracks from the Fleming Fjord Formation (Greenland) might, however, indicate the occurrence of the group in the Late Triassic. By the Late Jurassic (150 million yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fushanosaurus
''Fushanosaurus'' (meaning "Fushan lizard", after the Fushan Museum where its remains are stored) is a genus of basal titanosauriform dinosaur from the Shishugou Formation from Xinjiang Province in China. The type and only species is ''Fushanosaurus qitaiensis''. It is solely known from the holotype specimen (FH000101), which consists of a complete right femur. Using "Huanghetitan" ''ruyangensis'' and ''Daxiatitan ''Daxiatitan'' (; meaning "Daxia giant" after a tributary of the Yellow River) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur known from the Lower Cretaceous of Gansu, China. Its type and only species is ''Daxiatitan binglingi'' (). It is known from a single p ...'' as a basis, ''Fushanosaurus'' was estimated to have been approximately long, which would then make it one of the longest known dinosaurs. It was published in the journal Global Geology. References Macronarians Callovian life Oxfordian life Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia Late Jurassic dinosaurs of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haestasaurus
''Haestasaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, belonging to the Macronaria, that during the Early Cretaceous lived in the area of present-day England. The only species is ''Haestasaurus becklesii''.Upchurch P., Mannion P.D., Taylor M.P., 2015, "The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of “''Pelorosaurus''“ ''becklesii'' (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England", ''PLoS ONE'' 10(6): e0125819. Description As a sauropod, ''Haestasaurus'' would have been a large quadrupedal long-necked dinosaur. Little information is available about the specifics of its build because only a forelimb is known of the animal. An indication of the size of ''Haestasaurus'' is given by the length of the forelimb elements. The humerus is 599 millimetres long, the ulna 421 millimetres and the radius, situated next to the ulna in the lower arm, has a length of 404 millimetres. A 2015 study found several unique anatomical traits (autapomorphies) distinguishing ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucamerotus
''Eucamerotus'' (meaning "well-chambered", in reference to the hollows of the vertebrae) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation ( Wealden) of the Isle of Wight, England. History and taxonomy John Hulke erected the genus in 1872 for " R.2522", a neural arch found by William Fox near Brighstone Bay, but provided no species name. He considered the ''Ornithopsis hulkei'' lectotype referable to the genus.Naish, D., and Martill, D.M. (2001). Saurischian dinosaurs 1: Sauropods. In: Martill, D.M., and Naish, D. (eds.). ''Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight''. The Palaeontological Association:London 185-241. He later referred NMHUK R.2522 to ''Ornithopsis'', synonymizing ''Eucamerotus'' with Seeley's name based on the discovery of additional vertebrae from the Isle of Wight. Later authors treated ''Eucamerotus'' as a synonym of ''Pelorosaurus''. von Huene, F. (1909). Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier. ''Centra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huanghetitan
''Huanghetitan'' (meaning "Yellow River titan"), is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the early Cretaceous Period. It was a basal titanosauriform which lived in what is now Gansu, China. History The type species, ''Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis'', was described by You ''et al.'' in 2006. It is known from fragmentary materials including two caudal vertebrae, an almost complete sacrum, rib fragments, and the left shoulder girdle, and was discovered in the eastern part of the Lanzhou Basin (Hekou Group) in the Gansu Province in 2004. A second species, ''H. ruyangensis'', was described in 2007 from the Aptian-Albian Haoling Formation of Ruyang County, China (Henan Province). A recent cladistic analysis has found that this species is unlikely to be closely related to ''H. liujiaxiaensis'' and requires a new genus name. Description ''H. liujiaxiaensis'' is a relatively small sauropod, measuring long and weighing . ''H. ruyangensis'' is known from a partial vertebral column and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
