|
Tirio Languages
The Tirio languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common. Languages * Baramu * Bitur (Mutum) * Tirio (Makayam, Aturu) *Were ''Were'' and ''wer'' are archaic terms for adult male humans and were often used for alliteration with wife as "were and wife" in Germanic-speaking cultures ( ang, wer, odt, wer, got, waír, ofs, wer, osx, wer, goh, wer, non, verr). In ... (Kiunum) Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as: * Tirio (Makayam) * Bitur (Paswam, Mutum) *Lewada-Dewara, spoken on Dewala village on Sumogi Island *Adulu (Aturu), also spoken on Sumogi Island Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam). The moribund language Abom was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of Motu, from the Austronesian l ...: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua (province), Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua (province), West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans–New Guinea Languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been three main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, again by Ray. The precursor of the Trans–New Guinea family was Stephen Wurm's 1960 proposal of an East New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anim Languages
The Anim or Fly River languages are a language family in south-central New Guinea established by Usher & Suter (2015).Timothy Usher and Edgar Suter (2015) "The Anim Languages of Southern New Guinea". ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 54:110–142 The names of the family derive from the Fly River The Fly River is the third longest river in the island of New Guinea, after the Sepik River and Mamberamo River, with a total length of and the largest by volume of discharge in Oceania, the largest in the world without a single dam in its catc ... and from the Proto-Anim word *anim 'people'. Languages The 17 Anim languages belong to the following four subfamilies: * Inland Gulf * Tirio (Lower Fly River) * Boazi (Lake Murray) * Marind (Marind–Yaqai) The moribund Abom language, previously considered a member of the Tirio family, is of uncertain classification, possibly Trans–New Guinea, but does not appear to be Anim. The extinct Karami language, attested only in a short word list and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'', called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. According to '' Ethnologue'' there are 7,151 living human languages distributed in 142 different language families. A living language is defined as one that is the first language of at least one person. The language families with the most speakers are: the Indo-European family, with many widely spoken languages native to Europe (such as English and Spanish) and South Asia (such as Hindi and Bengali); and the Sino-Tibetan famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like splits. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baramu Language
Baramu is a Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Baramu is spoken in Baramura (), Tapila (), Tirio, and Tirio 2 villages of Gogodala Rural LLG Gogodala Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Gogodala-Suki languages, Dibiyaso, and Turumsa are mostly spoken within this LLG. Wards *01. Ali *02. Makapa ( Turumsa language and Dibiyaso langu .... References Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitur Language
Bitur (Bituri, Paswam, Mutum) is Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Bitur is spoken in Bisuaka (), Kasimap (), Petom (), Tewara (), and Upiara () villages of Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Eastern Trans-Fly languages (also known as Oriomo Plateau languages) are spoken in the LLG. Wards *01. Dorogori *02. Wuroi *03. Wonie ( Wipi languag .... References Further reading * External links * ELAR collectionDocumentation and description of Bitur and preliminary investigation of the moribund Abom languagedeposited by Phillip Rogers Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{TNG-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirio Papuan Language
Tirio ( Makayam akaeyamand Aturu dulu, Atura is Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Giribam 'dialect' may be a distinct language. Makayam is spoken in Aduru (), Lewada (), Suame (), and Sumogi Island villages of Gogodala Rural LLG. The Giribam dialect is spoken in Janor village () of Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Eastern Trans-Fly languages (also known as Oriomo Plateau languages) are spoken in the LLG. Wards *01. Dorogori *02. Wuroi *03. Wonie ( Wipi languag .... Pronouns Pronouns are: : ''No-, o-, zo-, i-'' may reflect proto-Trans–New Guinea *na, *ga, *ja, *i. References Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Were Language
Were (''Weredai''), or Kiunum, is a Papuan language spoken in Dewara village (), Gogodala Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian province of Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Ningerum, Olso .... References Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{TNG-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abom Language
Abom is a nearly extinct language spoken in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. According to a 2002 census, only 15 people still speak this language. All of the speakers are older adults. Middle-aged adults have some understanding of it, but no children speak or understand Abom. Abom is spoken in Lewada (), Mutam (), and Tewara () villages of Gogodala Rural LLG Gogodala Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Gogodala-Suki languages, Dibiyaso, and Turumsa are mostly spoken within this LLG. Wards *01. Ali *02. Makapa (Turumsa language and Dibiyaso langua .... Classification Abom is not close to other languages. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) classify Abom as a divergent Tirio language on the basis of morphological evidence; Abom shares the same gender ablaut pattern as other Tirio languages. Evans (2018), however, lists Abom as a separate branch of Trans-New Guinea. Suter & Usher find that it is not an Anim language ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirio Languages
The Tirio languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common. Languages * Baramu * Bitur (Mutum) * Tirio (Makayam, Aturu) *Were ''Were'' and ''wer'' are archaic terms for adult male humans and were often used for alliteration with wife as "were and wife" in Germanic-speaking cultures ( ang, wer, odt, wer, got, waír, ofs, wer, osx, wer, goh, wer, non, verr). In ... (Kiunum) Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as: * Tirio (Makayam) * Bitur (Paswam, Mutum) *Lewada-Dewara, spoken on Dewala village on Sumogi Island *Adulu (Aturu), also spoken on Sumogi Island Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam). The moribund language Abom was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
