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Timeline Of Hama
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hama, Syria. Prior to 7th century * 11th century BCE – Town is "capital of Aramean kingdom of Hamath." * 854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II. * 743 BCE – Assyrians in power again. * 740 BCE – Uprising. * 720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by Sargon." * 540 BCE – Persians in power (approximate date). * 64 BCE – Town becomes part of the Roman province of Syria. 7th–19th centuries * 639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah. * 637 – Great Mosque built. * 10th century – Hamdanids in power. * 968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas. * 11th century – Town sacked by Mirdasid forces. * 1108 – Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town. * 1114 – Seljuks in power. * 1157 – Earthquake. * 1172 – Nur al-Din Mosque built. * 1175 – Saladin takes town from Zangids. * 1178 – Al-Muzaffar I Umar becomes Emir of Hama. * 1191 – Al-Mansur I Muhammad becom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Category:City Timelines ...
-Timelines Regional timelines Historical timelines Urban planning cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur Al-Din Mosque
The Nur Al-Din Mosque ( ar, جَامِع نُور ٱلدِّين, Jāmiʿ Nūr ad-Dīn, transliteration: ''Jami Nur al-Din'') is a Zengid-era mosque in Hama, Syria.Nur al-Din Mosque Archnet Digital Library. It was founded by in 1163-64 CE. It also contained a historic '' minbar
A minbar (; sometimes romanized as ''mimber'') is a pulpit in a mosque where the imam (leader of prayers) stands to deliver sermons (, ''khutbah''). It is also used in other similar contexts, such as in a Hussainiya where the speaker sits and le ... '' from the same date, which is no ...
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Al-Afdal Muhammad
Al-Afdal Muhammad ( ar, الأفضل محمد) was the last Ayyubid governor of Hama, in central Syria, reigning from 1332 to 1341. He was the son and successor of Abu'l-Fida, and a descendant of Saladin's brother Nur ad-Din Shahanshah. After the Mamluk defeat of the Mongols in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut The Battle of Ain Jalut (), also spelled Ayn Jalut, was fought between the Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and the Mongol Empire on 3 September 1260 (25 Ramadan 658 AH) in southeastern Galilee in the Jezreel Valley near what is known today as the S ..., Hama was restored as a tributary emirate and a succession of Ayyubid rulers of Kurdish origin governed the city. However, al-Afdal incurred the displeasure of his Mamluk overlords and was deposed by them in 1341.Abu-Lughod and Dumper, 2007, p.163. References Bibliography * * {{Ayyubid dynasty 14th-century Ayyubid rulers 14th-century Kurdish people People from Hama Ayyubid emirs of Hama 14th-century people from the Mam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu'l-Fida Mosque
The Abu'l-Fida Mosque ( ar, جَامِع أَبُو الْفِدَا, Jāmiʿ Abū'l-Fidāʾ) is an Ayyubid-era mosque in Hama, Syria, located on the banks of the Orontes river. The mosque was erected by Abu'l-Fida in 1326. See also * Islam in Syria different denominations and sects of Islam are practised within Syria, whom collectively, constitute approximately 87% of the population and form a majority in most of the districts of the country. The Sunni Muslims make up the vast majority in ... Ayyubid mosques in Syria Mosques in Hama Architecture in Syria 14th-century mosques Religious buildings and structures completed in 1326 {{Syria-mosque-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Fida
Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Shāhanshāh b. Ayyūb b. Shādī b. Marwān ( ar, إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان), better known as Abū al-Fidāʾ ( ar, أبو الفداء, Latinized Abulfeda; November 127327 October 1331), was a Mamluk-era geographer, historian, Ayyubid prince and local governor of Hama. The crater Abulfeda on the Moon is named after him. Life Abu'l-Fida was born in Damascus, where his father Malik ul-Afdal, brother of Emir Al-Mansur Muhammad II of Hama, had fled from the Mongols. Abu'l-Fida was an Ayyubid prince, thus of Kurdish origin. In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the Qur'an and the sciences, but from his twelfth year onward, he was almost constantly engaged in military expeditions, chiefly against the crusaders. In 1285 he was present at the attack on a stronghold of the Knights of St. John, and took p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
Al Muzaffar III Mahmud was the Ayyubid emir of Hama from 1284–1300. He was the son of Al-Mansur Muhammad II whom he succeeded. Hama was at this time a tributary emirate of the Mamluk Sultanate. Biography Al Muzaffar took part in the siege of Acre in 1291, bringing a large mangonel from Krak des Chevaliers Krak des Chevaliers, ar, قلعة الحصن, Qalʿat al-Ḥiṣn also called Hisn al-Akrad ( ar, حصن الأكراد, Ḥiṣn al-Akrād, rtl=yes, ) and formerly Crac de l'Ospital; Krak des Chevaliers or Crac des Chevaliers (), is a medieva ... to support the assault on the city. Although a few small Crusader enclaves survived, the fall of Acre marked the end of the Crusader period in Syria and thereafter Mamluks rule was unchallenged. When he died in 1300 Hama was briefly under direct Mamluk rule, but in 1310 Al Muzaffar’s cousin Abu'l-Fida was made emir, and there was a final period of Ayyubid tributary rule in the city.Khair T., Leer M., Edwards J.D. and Zi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasions Of Syria
Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mongols were forced to retreat within months each time by other forces in the area, primarily the Egyptian Mamluks. Since 1260, it had been described as the Mamluk–Ilkhanid War. First invasion During the governorship of Bachu in Persia, the Mongolian army under Yisaur attacked Syria in 1244. The reasons for the attack are unclear, but it may have been in retaliation for the Syrian participation on the Seljuk side in the Battle of Köse Dağ. In the autumn 1244, Yisaur concentrated the Mongol forces in the upper Tigris valley where they subjugated the Kurdish province of Akhlat. Moving across, the Mongolian army encountered no resistance and ravaged the area en route. The fortified cities were untaken in his advance because Yisaur was not prepared for siege assa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mansur Muhammad II
Al-Mansur II Muhammad was the Ayyubid emir of Hama 1244–1284, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud and grandson of al-Mansur I Muhammad. He was the great-great grandson of Saladin’s brother Nur ad-Din Shahanshah. His mother was Ghaziya Khatun. Early years Al Mansur came to the throne at a time when the Egyptian Sultan As-Salih Ayyub was consolidating his power. In spring 1247 As-Salih Ayyub set out for Syria where he met emir Al-Ashraf Musa of Homs as well as Al Mansur. Both were young - Al-Ashraf Musa was eighteen and Al Mansur was just twelve - and new on their thrones. As-Salih Ayyub campaigned against his rival An-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo but returned to Egypt to confront a new Crusader threat in 1249. Shortly afterwards he died. His son and successor Al-Muazzam Turanshah did not long outlive him and in 1250 the Ayyubid dynasty was overthrown in Egypt by the Bahri mamluks. Threats from Mamluks and Mongols The effect of this coup in Egypt was to make An-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud was the Ayyubid emir of Hama first in 1219 (616 AH) and then restored in 1229–1244 (626 AH–642 AH). He was the son of al-Mansur Muhammad and the older brother of al-Nasir Kilij Arslan. Usurpation In 1219, al-Mansur called together the leading men of Hama and made them swear allegiance to his eldest son, al-Muzaffar Mahmud, as his heir apparent, before sending al-Muzaffar to Egypt to aid Sultan al-Kamil. Some time later he sent his second son, an-Nasir Kilij Arslan to join Al-Muazzam in his campaigns in Palestine. However, as he lay dying some of the leading emirs decided to invite an-Nasir back to Hama to usurp the throne in place of his brother, in the hope that they would be able to exercise real control under his nominal rule. Al-Mansur died in January 1221 (Dhu'l Qa'da 617), and An-Nasir duly installed himself as ruler in Hama. In Egypt, when al-Muzaffar learned of his father's death, he obtained Sultan al-Kamil's permission to go and claim his thron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan (also known as Kilij Arslan and Kiliç Arslan) was the Ayyubid emir of Hama from 1221 to 1229 (617AH–626AH). He was the son of al-Mansur I Muhammad and the younger brother of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud. The name Kilij Arslan (lion sword) was presumably homage to the Sultans of Rûm, four of whom bore this name. Accession In 1219, al-Mansur called together the leading men of Hama and made them swear allegiance to his eldest son, al-Muzaffar Mahmud, as his heir apparent, before sending al-Muzaffar to Egypt to aid sultan al-Kamil. Some time later he sent his second son, an-Nasir Kilij Arslan to join al-Mu'azzam in his campaigns in Palestine. However, as he lay dying, some of the leading emirs decided to invite an-Nasir back to Hama to usurp the throne in place of his brother, in the hope that they would be able to exercise real control under his nominal rule. Al-Mansur died in January 1221 (Dhu'l Qada 617), and an-Nasir duly installed himself as ruler in Hama. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mansur I Muhammad
Al-Mansur I Muhammad was the Ayyubid emir of Hama, son of Al Muzaffar Taqi ad-Din Umar and grandson of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah, brother of Saladin and Al-Adil. He ruled from 1191–1219. Accession On the death of his father Taqi ad-Din Umar at the siege of Manzikert in 1191, Al-Mansur requested that Saladin invest him with all of his father’s territories. However the tone of his request was such that it greatly angered Saladin, who threatened to dispossess himself altogether. Al-Mansur asked Saladin’s brother Al-Adil to intercede for him, but Saladin decided to detach the Jazira from Taqi ad-Din Umar’s domain and give it to his own son, Al-Afdal. He did however confirm all-Mansur in possession of Hama and the surrounding districts, together with scattered towns across Syria - Salamiyah, Maarrat al-Nu'man, Qal'at Najm and Manbij. Wars of Succession As newly installed ruler of Hama, Al-Mansur was expected to maintain a supporting role to the larger Ayyubid domain of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ayyubid Rulers
The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province. Sultans of Egypt ''See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.'' * Saladin, son of Ayyub, 1174–1193 * Al-Aziz Uthman, son of Saladin, 1193–1198 * Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, son of al-Aziz Uthman, 1198–1200 * Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I (al-Adil I), brother of Saladin, 1200–1218 * Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1238 * Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II, son of al-Kamil, 1238–1240 * As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1240–1249 * Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250 * Al-Ashraf Musa, presumed descendant of Saladin (nominal rule, under Mamluk sultan Aybak), 1250–1254. Displaced in Egypt by the Mamluk sultanate, ruled briefly by Shajar al-Durr, widow of as-Salih Ayyub, and then Aybak, 1254. Family Tree of the Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt Sultans and Emi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
