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Thymoquinone
Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant ''Nigella sativa''. It is also found in select cultivated ''Monarda fistulosa'' plants which can be steam distilled to produce an essential oil. It has been classified as a pan-assay interference compound, which binds indiscriminately to many proteins. It is under preliminary research to identify its possible biological properties. See also * Dithymoquinone, a dimer Dimer may refer to: * Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure formed from two similar sub-units ** Protein dimer, a protein quaternary structure ** d-dimer * Dimer model, an item in statistical mechanics, based on ''domino tiling'' * Julius Dimer ... of thymoquinone * 2,5-Dimethoxy-''p''-cymene References {{reflist 1,4-Benzoquinones Monoterpenes Isopropyl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,5-Dimethoxy-p-cymene
2,5-Dimethoxy-''p''-cymene, or thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether, is a phytochemical found in the essential oils of plants within the family ''Asteraceae''. These essential oils, which contain the compound as a major component of the oil, have antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties. Natural occurrence 2,5-Dimethoxy-''p''-cymene occurs in a variety of different plants' essential oils. Examples include: * ''Ayapana triplinervis'' (92.8%) * ''Apium leptophyllum'' (50.7 to 80.24%) * '' Cyathocline purpurea'' (57.4%) * ''Arnica montana'' (32.6%) * '' Laggera crispata'' (32.2%) * '' Blumea perrottetiana'' (30.0%) * ''Eupatorium capillifolium'' (20.8%) * '' Sphaeranthus indicus'' (18.2%) * '' Limbarda crithmoides'' (16.4) * '' Bubonium imbricatum'' (16.2%) Chemical synthesis 2,5-Dimethoxy-''p''-cymene can be synthesized from carvacrol by aromatic halogenation followed by nucleophilic substitution with sodium methoxide and Williamson ether synthesis using methyl iodide. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytochemical
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infections, and also consumption by insects and other animals. The name comes . Some phytochemicals have been used as poisons and others as traditional medicine. As a term, ''phytochemicals'' is generally used to describe plant compounds that are under research with unestablished effects on health, and are not scientifically defined as essential nutrients. Regulatory agencies governing food labeling in Europe and the United States have provided guidance for industry to limit or prevent health claims about phytochemicals on food product or nutrition labels. Definition Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. Phytochemicals (from Greek ''phyto'', meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigella Sativa
''Nigella sativa'' (black caraway, also known as black cumin, nigella, kalonji or siyahdaneh) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern Europe (Bulgaria and Romania) and Western Asia (Cyprus, Turkey, Iran and Iraq), but naturalized over a much wider area, including parts of Europe, northern Africa and east to Myanmar. Etymology The genus name ''Nigella'' is a diminutive of the Latin 'black', referring to the seed color. p. 341. The specific epithet ''sativa'' means 'cultivated'. In English, ''N. sativa'' and its seed are variously called black caraway, black seed, black cumin, fennel flower, nigella, nutmeg flower, Roman coriander, and ''kalonji''. Blackseed and black caraway may also refer to ''Bunium persicum''. Description ''N. sativa'' grows to tall, with finely divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. The flowers are delicate, and usually coloured pale blue and white, with five to ten petals. The fruit is a large and inflated cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarda Fistulosa
''Monarda fistulosa'', the wild bergamot or bee balm,Wild Bergamot , Edmonton Naturalization Group is a in the mint family , widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. This plant, with showy summer-blooming pink to lavender flowers, is often used as a , , and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-assay Interference Compounds
Pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) are chemical compounds that often give false positive results in high-throughput screens. PAINS tend to react nonspecifically with numerous biological targets rather than specifically affecting one desired target. A number of disruptive functional groups are shared by many PAINS. While a number of filters have been proposed and are used in virtual screening and computer-aided drug design, the accuracy of filters with regard to compounds they flag and don't flag has been criticized. Common PAINS include toxoflavin, isothiazolones, hydroxyphenyl hydrazones, curcumin, phenol-sulfonamides, rhodanines, enones, quinones, and catechols. See also *Drug discovery In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or b ... References Further readi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dithymoquinone
Dithymoquinone is a bioactive isolate of ''Nigella sativa''. Chemically, it is a dimer of thymoquinone Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant ''Nigella sativa''. It is also found in select cultivated ''Monarda fistulosa'' plants which can be steam distilled to produce an essential oil. It has been classified as a pan-assay i .... References Quinones Dimers (chemistry) Biphenylenes Tetraones Isopropyl compounds Cyclobutanes Enones {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimer (chemistry)
A dimer () ('' di-'', "two" + ''-mer'', "parts") is an oligomer consisting of two monomers joined by bonds that can be either strong or weak, covalent or intermolecular. Dimers also have significant implications in polymer chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry. The term ''homodimer'' is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A–A) and ''heterodimer'' when they are not (e.g. A–B). The reverse of dimerization is often called dissociation. When two oppositely charged ions associate into dimers, they are referred to as ''Bjerrum pairs'', after Niels Bjerrum. Noncovalent dimers Anhydrous carboxylic acids form dimers by hydrogen bonding of the acidic hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen. For example, acetic acid forms a dimer in the gas phase, where the monomer units are held together by hydrogen bonds. Under special conditions, most OH-containing molecules form dimers, e.g. the water dimer. Excimers and exciplexes are excited structures with a short lifetime. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoterpenes
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are diverse. They have relevance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries. Biosynthesis Monoterpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, which is formed from acetyl-CoA via the intermediacy of mevalonic acid in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway. An alternative, unrelated biosynthesis pathway of IPP is known in some bacterial groups and the plastids of plants, the so-called MEP-(2-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate) pathway, which is initiated from Pentose, C5 sugars. In both pathways, IPP is isomerized to DMAPP by the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase. Geranyl pyrophosphate is the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
