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Thoropa Bryomantis
''Thoropa'' is a genus of frogs in the family Cycloramphidae. They are endemic to eastern and southeastern Brazil. They are sometimes known as river frogs. Description, ecology, and behavior ''Thoropa'' are associated with rocks and have cryptic coloration. Their size ranges from small to medium, in snout–vent length. They occur at elevations up to above sea level; '' Thoropa miliaris'' and '' Thoropa taophora'' can even live on rocky marine shores, foraging in the intertidal zone. Male ''Thoropa'' are associated with wet rock faces, whereas the females seem to range more widely. In species where reproduction is known, males are territorial—suitable wet rock faces are a scarce resource. Furthermore, mature male ''Thoropa'' feature characteristic clusters of dark spines on the inner portions of the hand. It appears that these are associated with male-male combat, probably in conjunction with territorial disputes. Scratch marks in males, but not in females, support this inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa Miliaris
''Thoropa miliaris'' is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, rivers, rocky areas, and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References miliaris Endemic frogs of Brazil Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1824 {{Hyloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominance Hierarchy
In biology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social animal , social groups interact, creating a ranking system. A dominant higher-ranking individual is sometimes called an alpha, and the submissive lower-ranking individual a beta. Different types of interactions can result in dominance depending on the species, including ritualized displays of aggression or direct physical violence. In social living groups, members are likely to compete for access to limited resources and mating , mating opportunities. Rather than fighting each time they meet, relative rank is established between individuals of the same sex, with higher-ranking individuals often gaining more access to resources and mates. Based on repetitive interactions, a social order is created that is subject to change each time a dominant animal is challenged by a subordinate one. Definitions Dominance is an individu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Brazil
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frogs Of South America
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their split from other amphibians may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest. Frogs account for around 88% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limbs folded underneath, and no tail (the tail of tailed frogs is an ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Genera
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa
''Thoropa'' is a genus of frogs in the family Cycloramphidae. They are endemic to eastern and southeastern Brazil. They are sometimes known as river frogs. Description, ecology, and behavior ''Thoropa'' are associated with rocks and have cryptic coloration. Their size ranges from small to medium, in snout–vent length. They occur at elevations up to above sea level; '' Thoropa miliaris'' and '' Thoropa taophora'' can even live on rocky marine shores, foraging in the intertidal zone. Male ''Thoropa'' are associated with wet rock faces, whereas the females seem to range more widely. In species where reproduction is known, males are territorial—suitable wet rock faces are a scarce resource. Furthermore, mature male ''Thoropa'' feature characteristic clusters of dark spines on the inner portions of the hand. It appears that these are associated with male-male combat, probably in conjunction with territorial disputes. Scratch marks in males, but not in females, support this inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa Saxatilis
''Thoropa saxatilis'' is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to southern Brazil and occurs in the Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, corresponding to the southernmost extent of the Atlantic Forest biome. The specific name ' refers to its association with rocks. Common name Brazilian river frog has been coined for it. Description Adult males measure in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is distinct and relatively large (about as large as the eye ); the prominent supratympanic fold partly hides the tympanum dorsally. Finger tips have prominent discs; those of the toes are less prominent. The thumbs have a dark cluster of spines, and fingers have II–III rows of spines. Both fingers and toes have lateral ridges but no webbing. Preserved specimens are mottled with dark and light brown or grey. The upper surfaces of the limbs are barred. The venter is cream with some brown wash. No vocal sac is present. The tadpoles are elo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa Petropolitana
''Thoropa petropolitana'' is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to Serra dos Órgãos in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; there are also unconfirmed records from the neighboring Espírito Santo and São Paulo states. Habitat and conservation ''Thoropa petropolitana'' occurs at elevations above in rocky areas in forest, or on the forest edge, where it lives on wet rock faces near streams or waterfalls. The eggs are deposited in rock fissures. This formerly common species has undergone significant declines. Threats to it include habitat loss caused by clear-cutting, human settlement, tourism, and fire. However, it has also declined in areas with suitable habitat, suggesting that chytridiomycosis might be a factor. This species occurs in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park Serra dos Órgãos National Park ( pt, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos: "Organs Range") is a national park in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects the Serra dos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa Megatympanum
''Thoropa megatympanum'' is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References megatympanum Endemic frogs of Brazil Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1984 Taxa named by Ulisses Caramaschi {{Hyloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa Lutzi
''Thoropa lutzi'' is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, rivers, and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References lutzi Endemic frogs of Brazil Taxa named by Doris Mable Cochran Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1938 {{Hyloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoropa Bryomantis
''Thoropa'' is a genus of frogs in the family Cycloramphidae. They are endemic to eastern and southeastern Brazil. They are sometimes known as river frogs. Description, ecology, and behavior ''Thoropa'' are associated with rocks and have cryptic coloration. Their size ranges from small to medium, in snout–vent length. They occur at elevations up to above sea level; '' Thoropa miliaris'' and '' Thoropa taophora'' can even live on rocky marine shores, foraging in the intertidal zone. Male ''Thoropa'' are associated with wet rock faces, whereas the females seem to range more widely. In species where reproduction is known, males are territorial—suitable wet rock faces are a scarce resource. Furthermore, mature male ''Thoropa'' feature characteristic clusters of dark spines on the inner portions of the hand. It appears that these are associated with male-male combat, probably in conjunction with territorial disputes. Scratch marks in males, but not in females, support this inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seep (hydrology)
A seep or flush is a moist or wet place where water, usually groundwater, reaches the earth's surface from an underground aquifer. Description Seeps are usually not of sufficient volume to be flowing beyond their immediate above-ground location. They are part of the limnology-geomorphology system. Like a higher volume spring, the water is only from underground sources. Seeps mostly occur in lower elevation areas because water runs downhill, but can happen higher up if the groundwater present is abundant enough. Along with natural seeps, man made seeps can occur by digging anywhere where there is wet ground. This method can be useful for survival purposes and helps the local wildlife by adding another water source to the area. Seeps often form a puddle, and are important for small wildlife, bird, and butterfly habitat and moisture needs. When they support mud-puddling many butterfly (''Lepidoptera'') species can obtain nutrients such as salts and amino acids, including some types ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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