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Thomas Smith (Royal Navy Officer, Died 1762)
Admiral of the Blue Thomas Smith (1707 – 28 August 1762) was a British admiral and colonial governor, credited with the invention of the divisional system that remains in use on ships of the Royal Navy. He served as Commander-in-Chief, North Sea, Commander-in-Chief, Leith and Commander-in-Chief, the Downs Early life Born in England around 1707, Smith was the illegitimate son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton and a woman of whom details are unknown. He was raised a member of the Lyttelton family, who provided for Smith's education and aided him in the beginnings of his career in the Royal Navy. Early naval career The precise date as to when Smith entered the Royal Navy is unknown, but his first notable appointment in the Service was to the position of junior lieutenant aboard the ''Royal Oak'' on 6 February 1728, at the appointment of his commanding officer Sir Charles Wager. In June of the same year he was moved to the 44-gun ''Gosport'' under the command of Captain Duncombe Dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Admiral Of The Blue
Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, or fleet admiral. Etymology The word in Middle English comes from Anglo-French , "commander", from Medieval Latin , . These evolved from the Arabic () – () (), "king, prince, chief, leader, nobleman, lord, a governor, commander, or person who rules over a number of people" and (), the Arabic definite article meaning "the." In Arabic, admiral is also represented as (), where al-Baḥr (البحر) means the sea. The 1818 edition of Samuel Johnson's '' A Dictionary of the English Language'', edited and revised by the Rev. Henry John Todd, states that the term "has been traced to the Arab. emir or amir, lord or commander, and the Gr. , the sea, q. d. ''prince of the sea''. The word is written both with and without ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Enterprise (1709)
Fifteen ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS ''Enterprise'' (or HMS ''Enterprize'') while another was planned: * was a 24-gun sixth rate, previously the French frigate , captured in May 1705. She was wrecked in October 1707. * was a 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1709. She underwent a great repair in 1718–19, was hulked in 1740 and fitted as a hospital ship in 1745 before being sold in 1749. * , a 44-gun frigate, was to have been named ''Enterprise'', but was renamed five months before her launch in 1741. * was an 8-gun sloop captured from the Spanish in 1743. She was employed solely in the Mediterranean as a dispatch vessel and tender, and was sold in 1748 at Minorca. * HMS ''Enterprise'' was a 48-gun fifth rate launched in 1693 as . She was renamed ''Enterprise'' in 1744 as a 44-gun fifth rate and was broken up in 1771. * was a 28-gun sixth-rate frigate launched in August 1774, on harbour service from 1790 and broken up in 1807. * was a 10-gun tender captured b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-Admiral Of The Red
Vice-Admiral of the Red was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank admiral of the Blue (see order of precedence below). Royal Navy officers currently holding the ranks of commodore, rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence fourth; after 1805 it was the fifth. In 1864 it was abolished as a promotional rank. (pictured opposite is the command flag for a vice-admiral of the Red). History The Royal Navy inaugurated squadron colours during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) to subdivide the English fleet into three squadrons. There were three classes of admirals and differentiated by using coloured flags. In 1620 the official flag ranks of Admiral, Vice Admiral, and Rear Admiral were legally established that arose directly out of the organisation of the fleet into three parts. The rank of Admiral of the Fleet was fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia versus Kingdom of France, France and Habsburg monarchy, Austria, the respective coalitions receiving by countries including Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Spain, Electorate of Saxony, Saxony, Age of Liberty, Sweden, and Russian Empire, Russia. Related conflicts include the Third Silesian War, French and Indian War, Carnatic wars, Third Carnatic War, Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), and Spanish–Portuguese War (1762–1763), Spanish–Portuguese War. Although the War of the Austrian Succession ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), none of the signatories were happy with the terms, and it was generally viewed as a temporary armistice. It led to a strategic realignment kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-Admiral Of The White
Vice-Admiral of the White was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Vice-Admiral of the Red (see order of precedence below). Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of commodore, rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be ''admirals''. From 1688 to 1805, this rank was fifth in order of precedence; after 1805, it was the sixth. In 1864, it was abolished as a promotional rank (pictured opposite is the command flag for a Vice-Admiral of the White). History The Navy Royal inaugurated squadron colours during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) to subdivide the English fleet into three squadrons. There were three classes of admirals and differentiated by using coloured flags. In 1620 the official flag ranks of admiral, vice admiral, and rear admiral were legally established that arose directly out of the organisation of the fleet into three parts. Admiral of the Fleet as an officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Admiral John Byng
Admiral John Byng (baptised 29 October 1704 – 14 March 1757) was a Royal Navy officer and politician who was court-martialled and executed by firing squad. After joining the navy at the age of thirteen, he participated at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718. Over the next thirty years he built up a reputation as a solid naval officer and received promotion to vice-admiral in 1747. He also served as Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland Colony in 1742, Commander-in-Chief, Leith, 1745 to 1746 and was a member of Parliament from 1751 until his death. Byng failed to relieve a besieged British garrison during the Battle of Minorca at the beginning of the Seven Years' War. He had sailed for Minorca at the head of a hastily assembled fleet of vessels, some of which were in poor condition. In the ensuing battle with a French Royal Navy squadron of ships off the Minorcan coast, he was defeated and the fleet under his command considerably damaged. He then elected to withdraw to Gibra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Hastings (1741)
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS ''Hastings'', after the town of Hastings. Another two were planned, but renamed before entering service: * was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1695 and wrecked in 1697. * was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1698. She capsized in 1707. * was a 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1707, hulked in 1739 and sold in 1744 to become a privateer. * was a 44-gun fifth rate originally planned as HMS ''Endymion'', but renamed in 1739 and launched in 1741. She was broken up in 1763. * was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line, previously in service as an East Indiaman. She was purchased in 1819, converted to screw propulsion in 1855, used as a coal hulk from 1870 and was sold in 1885. * was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1821 and broken up in 1855. * was a sloop launched in 1930 and broken up in 1946. * was to have been a . She was transferred to the Royal New Zealand Navy The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; ) is the maritime arm of the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Royal Sovereign (1701)
HMS ''Royal Sovereign'' was a 100-gun first rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at Woolwich Dockyard and launched in July 1701. She had been built using some of the salvageable timbers from the previous , which had been destroyed by fire in 1697.Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 163. Service She was Admiral George Rooke's flagship in the War of the Spanish Succession. She was later the flagship of Admiral Clowdisley Shovell. In the Seven Years' War she was flagship of the Portsmouth fleet. Admiral Boscawen received the death warrant for Admiral John Byng in the captain's cabin in March 1757, and here authorised the firing squad on the nearby .Famous Fighters of the Fleet, Edward Fraser, 1904, p.202 ''Royal Sovereign'' formed the basis for the dimensions for 100-gun ships in the 1719 Establishment, being a generally well-regarded vessel.Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 76. In practice, only ''Royal Sovereign'' herself was affected by this Establishment, bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lieutenant Governors Of Newfoundland And Labrador
The following is a list of governors, commodore-governors, and lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador. Though the present day office of the lieutenant governor in Newfoundland and Labrador came into being only upon the province's entry into Canadian Confederation in 1949, the post is a continuation from the first governorship of Newfoundland in 1610. Proprietary governors of Newfoundland, 1610–1728 Governors of Plaisance, 1655–1713 Lieutenant-governors of Placentia, 1713–1770 Commodore-governors of Newfoundland, 1729–1825 The Commodore-Governor was a British Royal Navy official who was commander of the annual fishing convoy which left England each spring to fish off Newfoundland and was charged with protecting the convoys from harm. He was also responsible for various administrative and judicial functions, including assisting the fishing admirals in maintaining law and order and compiling the annual report on the fishery for the English government. By 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony Of Newfoundland
Newfoundland was an English overseas possessions, English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the Newfoundland (island), island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a Dominion of Newfoundland, dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland. History First Nations in Canada, Indigenous people like the Beothuk (known as the in Greenlandic Norse), and Innu were the first inhabitants of Newfoundland and Labrador. During the late 15th century, European explorers like João Fernandes Lavrador, Gaspar Corte-Real, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier and others began visiting the area. From around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Romney (1708)
HMS ''Romney'' was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Sir Joseph Allin to the 1706 Establishment at Deptford Dockyard, and launched on 2 December 1708. On 11 June 1723 orders were issued for ''Romney'' to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Deptford according to the 1719 Establishment The 1719 Establishment was a set of mandatory requirements governing the construction of all Royal Navy warships capable of carrying more than 20 naval long guns. It was designed to bring economies of scale through uniform vessel design, and e ..., and she was relaunched on 17 October 1726. ''Romney'' was sold out of the navy in 1757. Notes References *Lavery, Brian (1983) ''The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850''. Conway Maritime Press. . Ships of the line of the Royal Navy 1700s ships {{UK-line-ship-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
