The Life Of Man
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The Life Of Man
''The Life of Man'' (russian: Жизнь человека, translit=Zhizn cheloveka) is a five-act symbolist drama by Leonid Andreyev. Written in the September 1906, it premiered on 22 February 1907 in the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre, directed by Vsevolod Meyerkhold. On 12 December 1907 it was performed for the first time in the Moscow Art Theatre, directed by Konstantin Stanislavski and Leopold Sulerzhitsky.Arabazhin, K.AЛеонидъ Андреевъ. Итоги творчества. Литературно-критическій этюдъ Leonid Andreyev, the Summary. Obshchestvennaya Polza Publishers. Saint Petersburg, 1910 // Типографія т-ва "Общественная Польза", В. Подъяч., 39. 1910. An allegorical play, stylized to some extent after Maeterlinck's 'static' plays, it is recognized now as a dramatic summary of several important short stories and novellas by Andreyev of the 1903-1906 period ("The Wall", "The Thought", "The Life of Vasily ...
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Leonid Andreyev
Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev (russian: Леони́д Никола́евич Андре́ев, – 12 September 1919) was a Russian playwright, novelist and short-story writer, who is considered to be a father of Expressionism in Russian literature. He is regarded as one of the most talented and prolific representatives of the Silver Age period. Andreyev's style combines elements of realist, naturalist, and symbolist schools in literature. Of his 25 plays, his 1915 play '' He Who Gets Slapped'' is regarded as his finest achievement. Biography Born in Oryol, Russia, to a middle-class family, Andreyev originally studied law in Moscow and in Saint Petersburg. His mother hailed from an old Polish aristocratic, though impoverished, family, while she also claimed Ukrainian and Finnish ancestry. He became a police-court reporter for a Moscow daily, performing the routine of his humble calling without attracting any particular attention. At this time he wrote poetry and made a f ...
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Dmitry Filosofov
Dmitry Vladimirovich Filosofov (russian: Дми́трий Влади́мирович Филосо́фов; in Saint Petersburg – 4 August 1940 in Otwock, Poland) was a Russian author, essayist, literary critic, religious thinker, newspaper editor and political activist, best known for his role in the influential early 1900s ''Mir Iskusstva'' circle and part of quasi-religious ''Troyebratstvo'' (The Brotherhood of Three), along with two of his closest friends and spiritual allies, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Gippius. Following the Bolshevik Revolution he emigrated to Poland. Biography The son of feminist and philanthropist Anna Filosofova and Vladimir Dmitryevich Filosofov, a powerful official in the Ministry of War and Defence, Dmitry Filosofov was educated first in the private Karl May School (where he first met Alexandre Benois and Konstantin Somov), then in the Saint Petersburg University, studying law. After a couple of years spent abroad, he started working as a jour ...
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1906 Plays
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Korney Chukovsky
Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky ( rus, Корне́й Ива́нович Чуко́вский, p=kɐrˈnʲej ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ tɕʊˈkofskʲɪj, a=Kornyey Ivanovich Chukovskiy.ru.vorb.oga; 31 March NS 1882 – 28 October 1969) was one of the most popular children's poets in the Russian language. His catchy rhythms, inventive rhymes and absurd characters have invited comparisons with the American children's author Dr. Seuss. Chukovsky's poems ''Tarakanishche'' (" The Monster Cockroach"), ''Krokodil'' ("The Crocodile"), ''Telefon'' ("The Telephone") and ''Moydodyr'' ("Wash-'em-Clean") have been favorites with many generations of Russophone children. Lines from his poems, in particular ''Telefon'', have become universal catch-phrases in the Russian media and everyday conversation. He adapted the Doctor Dolittle stories into a book-length Russian poem as ''Doctor Aybolit'' ("Dr. Ow-It-Hurts"), and translated a substantial portion of the Mother Goose canon into Russian as ''Angliyskiy ...
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Alexander Blok
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok ( rus, Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Бло́к, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈblok, a=Ru-Alyeksandr Alyeksandrovich Blok.oga; 7 August 1921) was a Russian lyrical poet, writer, publicist, playwright, translator and literary critic. Early life Blok was born in Saint Petersburg, into an intellectual family of Alexander Lvovich Blok and Alexandra Andreevna Beketova. His father was a law professor in Warsaw, and his maternal grandfather, Andrey Beketov, was a famous botanist and the rector of Saint Petersburg State University. After his parents' separation, Blok lived with aristocratic relatives at the manor Shakhmatovo near Moscow, where he discovered the philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov, and the verse of then-obscure 19th-century poets, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet. These influences would affect his early publications, later collected in the book ''Ante Lucem''. Career and marriage In 1903 he married the actre ...
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Vikenty Veresayev
Vikenty Vikentyevich Smidovich (16 January 1867 – 3 June 1945), better known by his pen name Vikenty Vikentyevich Veresaev, (russian: Вике́нтий Вике́нтьевич Вереса́ев) was a Russian and Soviet writer, translator and medical doctor of Polish descent. Early life Veresaev was born in Tula, where his father was a doctor and noble of Polish origin. Veresaev was a cousin of the later prominent Soviet politician, Pyotr Smidovich. After graduating from the Tula gymnasium in 1884, he attended Saint Petersburg University, taking a master's degree in history in 1888. He then enrolled in University of Dorpat/Yuryev and successfully completed a course in medicine. His first work to appear in print was a collection of poems in 1885. His first short story, "The Puzzle", was published in 1887. In 1890 he toured the coal mines of Donetsk with his brother, gathering material for a collection of sketches called ''The Underground Kingdom'', detailing the strug ...
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Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в;  – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and socialist political thinker and proponent. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an author, he travelled widely across the Russian Empire changing jobs frequently, experiences which would later influence his writing. Gorky's most famous works are his early short stories, written in the 1890s (" Chelkash", " Old Izergil", and " Twenty-Six Men and a Girl"); plays '' The Philistines'' (1901), '' The Lower Depths'' (1902) and '' Children of the Sun'' (1905); a poem, " The Song of the Stormy Petrel" (1901); his autobiographical trilogy, '' My Childhood, In the World, My Universities'' (1913–1923); and a novel, ''Mother'' (1906). Gorky himself judged some of these works as failures, and ''Mother'' has ...
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Anatoly Lunacharsky
Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (russian: Анато́лий Васи́льевич Лунача́рский) (born Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov, – 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Bolshevik Soviet People's Commissar (Narkompros) responsible for Ministry of Education as well as an active playwright, critic, essayist and journalist throughout his career. Background Lunacharsky was born on 23 or 24 November 1875 in Poltava, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire) as the illegitimate child of Alexander Antonov and Alexandra Lunacharskaya, née Rostovtseva. His mother was then married to statesman Vasily Lunacharsky, a nobleman of Polish origin, whence Anatoly's surname and patronym. She later divorced Vasily Lunacharsky and married Antonov, but Anatoly kept his former name. In 1890, at the age of 15, Lunacharsky became a Marxist. From 1894, he studied at the University of Zurich under Richard Avenarius for two years without taking ...
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Maximilian Voloshin
Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin (russian: Максимилиа́н Алекса́ндрович Кирие́нко-Воло́шин; May 28, Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._May_16.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. May 16">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. May 161877 – November 8, 1932), commonly known as Max Voloshin, was a Russian poet. He was one of the significant representatives of the Russian symbolism, symbolist movement in Russian culture and literature. He became famous as a poet and a literary criticism, critic of literature and the arts, being published in many contemporary magazines of the early 20th century, including '' Vesy'', ''Zolotoye runo'' ('The Golden Fleece'), and ''Apollon''. He was known for his translations of a number of French poetic and prose works into Russian. Biography Early life Voloshin was born in Kiev in 1 ...
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Zinaida Gippius
Zinaida Nikolayevna Gippius (Hippius) (; – 9 September 1945) was a Russian poet, playwright, novelist, editor and religious thinker, one of the major figures in Russian symbolism. The story of her marriage to Dmitry Merezhkovsky, which lasted 52 years, is described in her unfinished book ''Dmitry Merezhkovsky'' (Paris, 1951; Moscow, 1991). She began writing at an early age, and by the time she met Dmitry Merezhkovsky in 1888, she was already a published poet. The two were married in 1889. Gippius published her first book of poetry, '' Collection of Poems. 1889–1903'', in 1903, and her second collection, '' Collection of Poems. Book 2. 1903-1909'', in 1910. After the 1905 Revolution, the Merezhkovskys became critics of Tsarism; they spent several years abroad during this time, including trips for treatment of health issues. They denounced the 1917 October Revolution, seeing it as a cultural disaster, and in 1919 emigrated to Poland. After living in Poland they moved to Fran ...
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Vesy
''Vesy'' (russian: Весы́; en, The Balance or The Scales) was a Russian symbolist magazine published in Moscow from 1904 to 1909, with the financial backing of philanthropist S. A. Polyakov. It was edited by the major symbolist writer Valery Bryusov. History Vesy was the leading literary magazine of the Russian symbolist movement. The first issue featured Bryusov's ''The Keys of Mysteries'', a major statement of symbolist doctrine. It reported on contemporary art and literature in Western Europe, and had many foreign correspondents. It was originally created as a magazine of criticism and information, but in 1906 it was expanded to include poetry and prose. Vesy published the works of all the major Russian symbolists, including Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, Zinaida Gippius, Konstantin Balmont, Fyodor Sologub, Vyacheslav Ivanov, and those of Bryusov himself, along with the works of other major writers close to the symbolist movement, like Maximilian Voloshin and Mikhail Kuzm ...
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Komissarzhevskaya Theatre
The Komissarzhevskaya Theatre (russian: Академический драматический театр имени В. Ф. Комиссаржевской) is a theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is named after Vera Komissarzhevskaya. History It was founded in 1942 as the City Theatre (at the time, the city, then Leningrad, was besieged by the German army. It then became the Blockade Theatre, or, as it is sometimes translated, the Besieged Theatre). The company was legitimized as a drama theatre in 1943. It was renamed after V.F. Komissarzhevskaya in 1959, and granted academic status in 1994. It is located in the former “Passage Hall” of the elite department store The Passage. The same building housed many theatre companies before 1942, most notably, the ''Komissarzhevskaya Theatre'' (russian: Драматический театр В.Ф. Комиссаржевской), a private theatre under the directorship by V.F. Komissarzhevskaya herself, in 1904–1906 (this ...
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