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The Last Battle
''The Last Battle'' is a high fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by The Bodley Head in 1956. It was the seventh and final novel in ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' (1950–1956). Like the other novels in the series, it was illustrated by Pauline Baynes and her work has been retained in many later editions. ''The Last Battle'' is set almost entirely in the Narnia world and the English children who participate arrive only in the middle of the narrative. The novel is set some 200 Narnian years after ''The Silver Chair'' and about 2500 years (and 49 Earth years) since the creation of the world narrated in ''The Magician's Nephew''. A false Aslan is set up in the north-western borderlands and conflict between true and false Narnians merges with that between Narnia and Calormen, whose people worship Tash. It concludes with termination of the world by Aslan, after a "last battle" that is practically lost. Macmillan US published an American edition within the calendar ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauline Baynes
Pauline Diana Baynes (9 September 1922 – 1 August 2008) was an English illustrator, author and commercial artist. She contributed drawings and paintings to more than 200 books, mostly in the children's genre. She was the first illustrator of some of J. R. R. Tolkien's minor works and of C. S. Lewis's ''Chronicles of Narnia''. Early life Baynes was born on 9 September 1922 at 67 Brunswick Place, Hove, East Sussex, England.Eccleshare, Julia: Pauline Baynes; ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005 - 2008''; Oxford University Press, 2008 Her father was Frederick William Wilberforce Baynes (1887 – 1967) and her mother was Jessie Harriet Maude Baynes, née Cunningham (''circa'' 1888 – 1958).Hooper, Walter: ''C. S. Lewis: a Complete Guide to his Life and Works''; Harper Collins, 1996; pp. 624 - 626 Her only sibling was her elder sister, Angela Mary Baynes. While she was still a baby, her family emigrated to India, where her father had been appointed a Commissi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lion
The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body; short, rounded head; round ears; and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. It is sexually dimorphic; adult male lions are larger than females and have a prominent mane. It is a social species, forming groups called ''prides''. A lion's pride consists of a few adult males, related females, and cubs. Groups of female lions usually hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. The lion is an apex predator, apex and keystone predator; although some lions scavenge when opportunities occur and have been known to hunt Human, humans, lions typically don't actively seek out and prey on humans. The lion inhabits grasslands, savannas and shrublands. It is usually more diurnality, diurnal than other wild cats, but when persecuted, it adapts to being active nocturnality, at night and crepuscular, at twilight. During the Neolithic period, the li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eustace Scrubb
Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's ''Chronicles of Narnia''. He appears in ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', ''The Silver Chair'', and ''The Last Battle''. In ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', he is accompanied by Edmund and Lucy Pevensie, his cousins. In ''The Silver Chair'' and ''The Last Battle'', he is accompanied by Jill Pole, a classmate from his school. The personality of Eustace Scrubb Eustace is portrayed at first as arrogant, whiny, and self-centered. It can be gathered from Eustace's behavior, and the tone that Lewis used in describing his family and school, that Lewis thought such behavior silly and disliked it a great deal. In fact, at the beginning of ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', Lucy and Edmund dislike visiting him and his parents, though that has mostly to do with Eustace's arrogant and unfriendly attitude, and he also calls his parents by their first names. However, the book deals with his rehabilitation (just as ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jill Pole
Jill Pole is a major character from C. S. Lewis' ''Chronicles of Narnia'' series. She appears in ''The Silver Chair'' and ''The Last Battle.'' Appearances in the Narnia Book Series ''The Silver Chair'' Jill Pole first appears in ''The Silver Chair''. She and Eustace attend the same school, and it is from the school grounds that they travel to Aslan's Country beyond the Sun, after being chased by bullies. She and Eustace are sent to Narnia by Aslan, to find the kidnapped Prince Rilian, son of Caspian X. They accomplish this with the assistance of the marshwiggle Puddleglum, whom Jill initially dislikes and considers a spoilsport and wet blanket, but whom she soon admits is the bravest and wisest of all of them. Jill has to learn to face her claustrophobia and nyctophobia during her quest, and also is the one Aslan has tasked with remembering the four signs that will guide them on their quest. When she is distracted from doing this by temptation of good food and rest, the group lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horse
The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, ''Eohippus'', into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies ''caballus'' are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior. Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryad
A dryad (; el, Δρυάδες, ''sing''.: ) is a tree nymph or tree spirit in Greek mythology. ''Drys'' (δρῦς) signifies "oak" in Greek, and dryads were originally considered the nymphs of oak trees specifically, but the term has evolved towards tree nymphs in general,Graves, ch. 86.2; p. 289 or human-tree hybrids in fantasy. Often their life force was connected to the tree in which they resided and they were usually found in sacred groves of the gods. They were considered to be very shy creatures except around the goddess Artemis, who was known to be a friend to most nymphs. Types Daphnaie These were nymphs of the laurel trees. Epimelides The Maliades, Meliades or Epimelides were nymphs of apple and other fruit trees and the protectors of sheep. The Greek word ''melas'', from which their name derives, means both apple and sheep. Hesperides, the guardians of the golden apples were regarded as this type of dryad. Hamadryad Dryads, like all nymphs, were supernaturally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unicorn
The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. In European literature and art, the unicorn has for the last thousand years or so been depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long straight horn with spiralling grooves, cloven hooves, and sometimes a goat's beard. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was commonly described as an extremely wild woodland creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could be captured only by a virgin. In encyclopedias, its horn was described as having the power to render poisoned water potable and to heal sickness. In medieval and Renaissance times, the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as a unicorn horn. A bovine type of unicorn is thought by some scholars to have been depicted in seals of the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization, the interpretation remaining controversial. An equine form of the unicorn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roonwit
Magical creatures are an important aspect of the fictional world of Narnia contained within ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' book series and connected media originally created by C. S. Lewis. Throughout the seven books of the series, the protagonists encounter a variety of these creatures as they travel throughout Narnia and the surrounding lands and seas, including Archenland, Calormen, and the Great Eastern Ocean. Much of Lewis' Narnian mythology references Greek, Norse, Arthurian, and Christian mythologies, among others. As a member of the Inklings literary group, Lewis was a contemporary of other authors of fiction such as J. R. R. Tolkien, and as such they held much discourse regarding different approaches to world-building. Some magical creatures are simply larger, talking versions of real animals such as beavers, bears, mice, and wolves. Other magical creatures are traditional figures associated with various mythologies such as fauns, satyrs, centaurs, and dryads. Lewis' my ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caspian X
Prince Caspian (also known as Caspian X, King of Narnia, Lord of Cair Paravel and Emperor of The Lone Islands, and as Caspian the Seafarer or Caspian the Navigator) is a fictional character in ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' by C. S. Lewis. He is featured in three books in the series: ''Prince Caspian'', ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'', and ''The Silver Chair''. He also appears at the end of ''The Last Battle''. Biographical summary Caspian is described as noble, handsome, brave and merry; he strives for fairness and justice at all times and is a devoted King. For his love of the sea he is known as Caspian the Seafarer. ''Prince Caspian'' Lewis introduces Caspian as the young nephew of and heir to King Miraz of Narnia. By this time 1300 years have passed since the rule of High King Peter and his siblings, and Old Narnians no longer live openly in Narnia, having been driven into hiding hundreds of years earlier by Caspian's ancestors, the Telmarines. In fact, the talking beasts ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tash (Narnia)
Tash is a fictional deity and demonic god, found in C. S. Lewis's ''Chronicles of Narnia'' series. He is an antagonist in the novels ''The Horse and His Boy'' and ''The Last Battle''. Tash is the patron god of the ruling class of Calormen. The Calormene capital is named Tashbaan, and the Tisrocs and Tarkaans and Tarkheenas all claim descent from Tash. The worship of Tash is the only formal religion depicted in the world of Narnia, except that the people of Narnia honour the memory of Aslan, a great lion who was killed and returned from the dead many generations before. There are temples to Tash, Calormenes regularly use ritual phrases such as "Tash the inexorable, the irresistible" and "Tash preserve us", and he is the only being referred to by any character in the books as a god. At the end of the series, Tash is revealed as the antithesis of Aslan (who represents Jesus), and appears as a terrible demon, with a skeletal, humanoid body, a vulture-like head, and four taloned arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calormen
In C. S. Lewis's ''Chronicles of Narnia'' series of novels, Calormen is a large country to the southeast of Narnia. Lewis probably derived its name from the Latin ''calor'', meaning "heat". When using the name as an adjective or an ethnonym, Lewis spelled the name with an 'e' at the end: a Calormene soldier; "The Calormenes have dark faces and long beards." Narnia and Calormen are separated by the country of Archenland and a large desert. In ''The Horse and His Boy'', Calormen is described as being many times the size of its northern neighbours, and it is implied that its army is always either conquering more land or keeping down rebellions, in wars with which neither Narnia nor Archenland are involved. The border of the Calormene Empire extends from the Western Mountains to the Great Eastern Ocean. The Calormene capital is Tashbaan, a large walled city located on an island hill at the mouth of a river and close to the northern desert. History The country of Calormen was first me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
