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The Ferns Of Great Britain And Ireland
''The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland'' was a book published in 1855 that featured 51 plates of nature printing by Henry Bradbury. Description The text was a scientific description of all the varieties of ferns found in the British Isles The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebr .... The author of this work was the botanist Thomas Moore, the editor was John Lindley. The book was released at a time of so-called " pteridomania" in Britain. Along with William Grosart Johnstone and Alexander Croall's ''Nature-Printed British Sea-Weeds'' (London, 1859–1860), the book featured Bradbury's innovative nature printing process. The publisher of the work was Bradbury and Evans. Bradbury patented the process after seeing the invention of Alois Auer - though the identity of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodium Vulgare Moore1
''Polypodium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is widely distributed throughout the world, with the highest species diversity in the tropics. The name is derived from Ancient Greek ''poly'' ("many") + ''podion'' ("little foot"), on account of the foot-like appearance of the rhizome and its branches. They are commonly called polypodies or rockcap ferns, but for many species unique vernacular names exist. They are terrestrial or epiphytic ferns, with a creeping, densely hairy or scaly rhizome bearing fronds at intervals along its length. The species differ in size and general appearance and in the character of the fronds, which are evergreen, persisting for 1–2 years, pinnate or pinnatifid (rarely simple entire), and from 10 to 80 cm or more long. The sori or groups of spore-cases (sporangia) are borne on the back of the frond; they are glo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Irish Botanical Illustrators
This is a list of botanical illustrators born or active in Ireland. Botanical illustration involves the painting, drawing and illustration of plants and ecosystems. Often meticulously observed, the botanical art tradition combines both science and art, and botanical artists throughout the centuries have been active in the collecting and cataloguing a huge variety of species. Irish botanical illustrators A *Lady Mabel Annesley (1881–1959 New Zealand) *William Ashford (born England c.1746–1824) B *Anne Elizabeth Ball (1808–1872) *Eileen Barnes (1876–1956) *Moyra Barry (1886–1960) *Rose Barton (1856–1929) *Mary Battersby (c.1804–1841) *Edith Blake, Lady Edith Blake (née Bernal Osborne) (1845–1926) *Samuel Frederick Brocas (c. 1792–1847) *Mildred Anne Butler (1858–1941) C *Catherine Teresa Cookson (née Catherine Teresa Murray), also known as Mrs James Cookson *Clare Cryan *Lady Charlotte Wheeler Cuffe (née Williams) (born England 1867–1967), see also List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Art
Botanical illustration is the art of depicting the form, color, and details of plant species. They are generally meant to be scientifically descriptive about subjects depicted and are often found printed alongside a botanical description in books, magazines, and other media. Some are sold as artworks. Often composed by a botanical illustrator in consultation with a scientific author, their creation requires an understanding of plant morphology and access to specimens and references. Many illustrations are in watercolour, but may also be in oils, ink, or pencil, or a combination of these and other media. The image may be life-size or not, though at times a scale is shown, and may show the life cycle and/or habitat of the plant and its neighbors, the upper and reverse sides of leaves, and details of flowers, bud, seed and root system. The fragility of dried or otherwise preserved specimens, and restrictions or impracticalities of transport, saw illustrations used as valuable vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botany In Europe
Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specialises in this field. "Plant" and "botany" may be defined more narrowly to include only land plants and their study, which is also known as phytology. Phytologists or botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of Embryophyte, land plants, including some 391,000 species of vascular plants (of which approximately 369,000 are flowering plants) and approximately 20,000 bryophytes. Botany originated as history of herbalism#Prehistory, prehistoric herbalism to identify and later cultivate plants that were edible, poisonous, and medicinal, making it one of the first endeavours of human investigation. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to Monastery, monasteries, contained plants possibly having medicinal benefit. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Of Ireland
Ireland is in the Atlantic European Province of the Circumboreal Region, a floristic region within the Holarctic. Composition of the flora Ireland has a small flora for a European country because of its small size, lack of geological and ecological variation and its Pleistocene history. There are 3,815 species of plant listed for Ireland:G.T. Higgins, J.R. Martin, P.M. PerriNATIONAL SURVEY OF NATIVE WOODLAND IN IRELANDMarch 2004 *Phylum Anthocerotophyta – hornworts: 3 species *Phylum Bryophyta – mosses: 556 species *Phylum Charophyta – charophytes: 244 species *Phylum Chlorophyta – green algae: 148 species *Phylum Lycopodiophyta – clubmosses: 9 species *Phylum Magnoliophyta – flowering plants: 2,196 species *Phylum Marchantiophyta – liverworts: 229 species *Phylum Pinophyta – pines: 12 species *Phylum Pteridophyta – ferns: 79 species *Phylum Rhodophyta – red algae: 339 species An additional 2,512 species of fungus occur in Ireland. *Phylum Acrasiomycota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Of Great Britain
The flora of Great Britain and Ireland is one of the best documented in the world. There are 1390 native species and over 1100 well-established non-natives documented on the islands. A bibliographic database of the species has been compiled by the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. The lists (spread across multiple pages due to size) give an English name and a scientific name for each species, and two symbols are used to indicate status (e for extinct species, and * for introduced species). * List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (ferns and allies) covers ferns and allies (Lycopodiopsida, Equisetopsida and Pteridopsida) * List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (conifers) covers the conifers ( Pinopsida) The remaining parts cover the flowering plants ( Magnoliopsida): * List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (dicotyledons) * List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland (Rosaceae), covering the dicotyledon family Rosaceae * L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferns Of Europe
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate ( Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. The fern crown group, consisting of the leptosporangiates and eusporangiates, is estimated to have originated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florae (publication)
Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring ( indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is ''fauna'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora as in the terms ''gut flora'' or ''skin flora'' for purposes of specificity. Etymology The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora, the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology. The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century. The distinction between vegetation (the general appearance of a community) and flora (the taxonomic composition of a community) wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Irish Plant Collectors
This article is a list of historical Irish plant collectors. An important part of taxonomy and botany is the collection of samples from different locales. * John Ball (1818–1889), first president Alpine Club, 1858–1860 * Evelyn Booth (1897–1988), parts of her collection are in the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin * Patrick Browne, doctor and botanist in Jamaica * Thomas Coulter (1793–1843), collected plants in North and Latin America * Lady Charlotte Wheeler Cuffe (née Williams) (1867–1967) * Michael Pakenham Edgeworth (1812–1881), born in Edgeworthstown, County Longford; namesake of genus ''Edgeworthia'' * Eugene Fitzalan (1830–1911), born in Derry; collector, nurseryman, and poet * Robert D. FitzGerald (1830–1892), born in Tralee; botanist, artist, collector; collected orchids * Dr. A. Gogarty, sent plants, seeds, orchids, ferns and bulbs to the Irish National Botanic Gardens * William Henry Harvey (1811–1866), born in Limerick, collected plants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridomania
Pteridomania or fern fever was a Victorian craze for ferns. Decorative arts of the period presented the fern motif in pottery, glass, metal, textiles, wood, printed paper, and sculpture, with ferns "appearing on everything from christening presents to gravestones and memorials". Description ''Pteridomania'', meaning ''Fern Madness'' or ''Fern Craze'', a compound of '' Pteridophytes'' and ''mania'', was coined in 1855 by Charles Kingsley in his book ''Glaucus, or the Wonders of the Shore'': According to one author: Collection and cultivation The collection of ferns drew enthusiasts from different social classes, leading naturalist Peter D A Boyd to write that "even the farm labourer or miner could have a collection of British ferns which he had collected in the wild and a common interest sometimes brought people of very different social backgrounds together". For some a fashionable hobby and for others a more serious scientific pursuit, fern collecting became commer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature Printing
Nature printing is a printing process, developed in the 18th century, that uses the plants, animals, rocks and other natural subjects to produce an image. The subject undergoes several stages to give a direct impression onto materials such as lead, gum, and photographic plates, which are then used in the printing process. While some sources state that Benjamin Franklin invented nature printing from leaf casts, using a copper plate press, in 1737 to thwart counterfeiters of paper money bills, other sources also report Franklin's friend, Philadelphia naturalist Joseph Breintnall, to have made contact nature prints from leaves in about 1730. Together they sent nature prints which were printed directly from inked leaves to English naturalists. Another person attributed with the invention of the process, ''Naturselbstdruck'', is Alois Auer; the first publication, of instructions for the process, was by this Austrian printer in ''The Discovery of the Natural Printing Process: an I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alois Auer
Alois Auer (11 May 1813 – 10 July 1869) was an Austrian printer, inventor and botanical illustrator, most active during the 1840s and 1850s. He produced a number of works in German and other languages, including the first regarding the nature printing process. He was the director of the Austrian state's official printing house (''Hof- und Staatsdruckerei''), which created illustrated volumes of scientific interest and produced many advances in printing technology. His full name in later life, incorporating the Austrian hereditary knighthood that he was given in 1860, was Alois Ritter Auer von Welsbach. Life and career Born in the Austrian city of Wels, Auer was trained as a compositor. In his leisure moments, he studied French, Italian, English and other languages, in which he underwent an examination in 1835 and 1836 at the University of Vienna. Auer's early career began in October 1837 with an appointment as professor of Italian at a gymnasium in Linz. He acquired fluency i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
