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Thalurania
Woodnymphs are hummingbirds in the genus ''Thalurania''. Males are green and violet-blue, while females are green with white-tipped tails and at least partially whitish underparts. Both sexes have an almost straight, entirely black bill and little or no white post-ocular spot. They are found in forest (primarily humid) and tall second growth. The species in this genus are almost entirely allo- or parapatric, and a species is present virtually everywhere in the tropical humid Neotropics. Taxonomy The genus ''Thalurania'' was introduced in 1848 by the English ornithologist John Gould. Gould did not specify a type species but this was designated as the fork-tailed woodnymph by George Robert Gray in 1855. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ''thalos'' meaning "child" with ''ouranos'' meaning "heaven". The genus contains four species: * Crowned woodnymph (''Thalurania colombica'') * Fork-tailed woodnymph (''Thalurania furcata'') * Violet-capped woodnymph (''Thalurania glaucopi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violet-capped Woodnymph
The violet-capped woodnymph (''Thalurania glaucopis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022 Taxonomy and systematics The violet-capped woodnymph was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with all the other hummingbirds in the genus ''Trochilus'' and coined the binomial name ''Trochilus glaucopis''. Gmelin based his description on "L'oiseau-mouche à queue fourchue du Brésil" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crowned Woodnymph
The crowned woodnymph or violet-crowned woodnymph (''Thalurania colombica'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from Belize and Guatemala to northern Peru.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022 Taxonomy and systematics The crowned woodnymph was formally described in 1843 by the French ornithologist Jules Bourcier from a specimen collected in Colombia. He coined the binomial name ''Ornismya colombica''. This species is now placed in the genus '' Thalurania '' that was introduced by John Gould in 1848. Seven subspecies are recognised: * ''T. c. townsendi'' Ridgway, 1888 * ''T. c. venusta'' ( Gould, 1851) * ''T. c. colombica'' ( Bourcier, 1843) * ''T. c. rost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thalurania
Woodnymphs are hummingbirds in the genus ''Thalurania''. Males are green and violet-blue, while females are green with white-tipped tails and at least partially whitish underparts. Both sexes have an almost straight, entirely black bill and little or no white post-ocular spot. They are found in forest (primarily humid) and tall second growth. The species in this genus are almost entirely allo- or parapatric, and a species is present virtually everywhere in the tropical humid Neotropics. Taxonomy The genus ''Thalurania'' was introduced in 1848 by the English ornithologist John Gould. Gould did not specify a type species but this was designated as the fork-tailed woodnymph by George Robert Gray in 1855. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ''thalos'' meaning "child" with ''ouranos'' meaning "heaven". The genus contains four species: * Crowned woodnymph (''Thalurania colombica'') * Fork-tailed woodnymph (''Thalurania furcata'') * Violet-capped woodnymph (''Thalurania glaucop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupherusa
''Eupherusa'' is a genus of hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae. It contains the following five species: The Mexican woodnymph was formerly placed in the genus ''Thalurania'' with other species with "woodnymph" in their English names. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Thalurania'' was monophyletic, non-monophyletic and that the Mexican woodnymph is closely related to species in ''Eupherusa''. Based on this result the Mexican woodnymph is now placed in ''Eupherusa''. References Eupherusa, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{hummingbird-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Woodnymph
The Mexican woodnymph (''Eupherusa ridgwayi'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae endemic to western Mexico. It lives in subtropical or tropical moist lowland/foothill forest and plantations, feeding on flower nectar and insects. Mexican woodnymphs are vulnerable, threatened by habitat loss through deforestation. Taxonomy The Mexican woodnymph was formerly placed in the genus '' Thalurania'' that contains other species with "woodnymph" in their English names. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Thalurania'' was non-monophyletic and that the Mexican woodnymph is closely related to species in the genus '' Eupherusa''. Based on this result the Mexican woodnymph is now placed in ''Eupherusa''. The Mexican woodnymph is monotypic: there are no recognised subspecies. Description Mexican woodnymphs are small birds, generally 9-10 centimeters long. Females weigh around 3.5 grams and males weigh from 3.5 to 4.2 grams. Males have a strai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Colombia is divided into 32 departments and the Capital District of Bogotá, the country's largest city. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of 52 million. Colombia's cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a Spanish colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by enslaved Africans, as well as with those of the various Amerindian civilizations that predate colonization. Spanish is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long-tailed Woodnymph
The long-tailed woodnymph (''Thalurania watertonii'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in humid forest in northeastern Brazil, where it is known from the states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and the northernmost Bahia. It is usually thought to be widespread, but seen at low density in its increasingly fragmented range. Its population is estimated to be around 1,000–2,500 individuals, currently in decline due to deforestation and habitat loss. Description The long-tailed woodnymph is sexually dimorphic. The males are heavier, with significantly larger wings and tails, whereas the females have longer bills. Males are approximately long, including a tail of cm; while females measure roughly in length, with a tail of . Individuals have a weight of 3.7–5.2 g. Males have a conspicuous iridescent plumage in blue, green and purple. The crown and neck are bronze-green, back is iridescent violet-blue, shining grass-green undersides and violet-blu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violet-capped Woodnymph
The violet-capped woodnymph (''Thalurania glaucopis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022 Taxonomy and systematics The violet-capped woodnymph was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with all the other hummingbirds in the genus ''Trochilus'' and coined the binomial name ''Trochilus glaucopis''. Gmelin based his description on "L'oiseau-mouche à queue fourchue du Brésil" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fork-tailed Woodnymph
The fork-tailed woodnymph (''Thalurania furcata'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022 Taxonomy and systematics The fork-tailed woodnymph was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's '' Systema Naturae''. He placed it with all the other hummingbirds in the genus ''Trochilus'' and coined the binomial name ''Trochilus furcatus''. The fork-tailed woodnymph is now placed with three other woodnymphs in the genus '' Thalurania'' that was introduced in 1848 by the English orni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
