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Tetramyxa
''Tetramyxa'' is a cercozoan protist, member of the plasmodiophores, parasite of several flowering plants. It was first described by Karl von Goebel in 1884, in his work ''Flora''. The genus is characterized by the appearance of resting spores (or cysts) in groups of four. Taxonomy There are two accepted species: *'' Tetramyxa parasitica'' (=''Thecaphora ruppiae'' ) – parasite of ''Zannichellia'', ''Potamogeton'' and ''Ruppia'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa marina'' – parasite of ''Halophila stipulacea'' petioles. The following additional species, though recognized as ''Tetramyxa'', are listed as doubtful in some sources: *'' Tetramyxa rhizophaga'' – parasite of ''Juniperus communis'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa triglochinis'' (=''Molliardia triglochinis'' ) – parasite of ''Triglochin maritimum'' stems, ovaries and stamens. *'' Tetramyxa elaeagni'' – parasite of ''Elaeagnus multiflora ''Elaeagnus multiflora'', the cherry elaeagnus, cherry silverberry, goumi, gumi, or natsugum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramyxa Elaeagni
''Tetramyxa'' is a cercozoan protist, member of the plasmodiophores, parasite of several flowering plants. It was first described by Karl von Goebel in 1884, in his work ''Flora''. The genus is characterized by the appearance of resting spores (or cysts) in groups of four. Taxonomy There are two accepted species: *'' Tetramyxa parasitica'' (=''Thecaphora ruppiae'' ) – parasite of ''Zannichellia'', ''Potamogeton'' and ''Ruppia'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa marina'' – parasite of ''Halophila stipulacea'' petioles. The following additional species, though recognized as ''Tetramyxa'', are listed as doubtful in some sources: *'' Tetramyxa rhizophaga'' – parasite of ''Juniperus communis'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa triglochinis'' (=''Molliardia triglochinis'' ) – parasite of ''Triglochin maritimum'' stems, ovaries and stamens. *'' Tetramyxa elaeagni'' – parasite of ''Elaeagnus multiflora ''Elaeagnus multiflora'', the cherry elaeagnus, cherry silverberry, goumi, gumi, or natsugum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramyxa Marina
''Tetramyxa'' is a cercozoan protist, member of the plasmodiophores, parasite of several flowering plants. It was first described by Karl von Goebel in 1884, in his work ''Flora''. The genus is characterized by the appearance of resting spores (or cysts) in groups of four. Taxonomy There are two accepted species: *'' Tetramyxa parasitica'' (=''Thecaphora ruppiae'' ) – parasite of ''Zannichellia'', ''Potamogeton'' and ''Ruppia'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa marina'' – parasite of ''Halophila stipulacea'' petioles. The following additional species, though recognized as ''Tetramyxa'', are listed as doubtful in some sources: *'' Tetramyxa rhizophaga'' – parasite of ''Juniperus communis'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa triglochinis'' (=''Molliardia triglochinis'' ) – parasite of ''Triglochin maritimum'' stems, ovaries and stamens. *''Tetramyxa elaeagni'' – parasite of ''Elaeagnus multiflora ''Elaeagnus multiflora'', the cherry elaeagnus, cherry silverberry, goumi, gumi, or natsugumi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramyxa Rhizophaga
''Tetramyxa'' is a cercozoan protist, member of the plasmodiophores, parasite of several flowering plants. It was first described by Karl von Goebel in 1884, in his work ''Flora''. The genus is characterized by the appearance of resting spores (or cysts) in groups of four. Taxonomy There are two accepted species: *'' Tetramyxa parasitica'' (=''Thecaphora ruppiae'' ) – parasite of ''Zannichellia'', ''Potamogeton'' and ''Ruppia'' roots. *''Tetramyxa marina'' – parasite of ''Halophila stipulacea'' petioles. The following additional species, though recognized as ''Tetramyxa'', are listed as doubtful in some sources: *'' Tetramyxa rhizophaga'' – parasite of ''Juniperus communis'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa triglochinis'' (=''Molliardia triglochinis'' ) – parasite of ''Triglochin maritimum'' stems, ovaries and stamens. *''Tetramyxa elaeagni'' – parasite of ''Elaeagnus multiflora ''Elaeagnus multiflora'', the cherry elaeagnus, cherry silverberry, goumi, gumi, or natsugumi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramyxa Triglochinis
''Tetramyxa'' is a cercozoan protist, member of the plasmodiophores, parasite of several flowering plants. It was first described by Karl von Goebel in 1884, in his work ''Flora''. The genus is characterized by the appearance of resting spores (or cysts) in groups of four. Taxonomy There are two accepted species: *'' Tetramyxa parasitica'' (=''Thecaphora ruppiae'' ) – parasite of ''Zannichellia'', ''Potamogeton'' and ''Ruppia'' roots. *''Tetramyxa marina'' – parasite of ''Halophila stipulacea'' petioles. The following additional species, though recognized as ''Tetramyxa'', are listed as doubtful in some sources: *''Tetramyxa rhizophaga'' – parasite of ''Juniperus communis'' roots. *'' Tetramyxa triglochinis'' (=''Molliardia triglochinis'' ) – parasite of ''Triglochin maritimum'' stems, ovaries and stamens. *''Tetramyxa elaeagni'' – parasite of ''Elaeagnus multiflora ''Elaeagnus multiflora'', the cherry elaeagnus, cherry silverberry, goumi, gumi, or natsugumi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramyxa Parasitica
''Tetramyxa parasitica'' is a species of parasitic cercozoan, member of the plasmodiophorids, that causes gall formation on multiple genera of aquatic plants. It was first discovered on roots of ''Ruppia'' and described by Karl von Goebel in 1884 in his work ''Flora'', where it became the type species of the genus ''Tetramyxa''. Ecology and pathology ''T. parasitica'' is found in freshwater environments, brackish waters and estuaries. It is an obligate endoparasite of several species of the aquatic plants ''Ruppia'' ('' rastellata'', '' maritima'', '' spiralis'', '' brachypus''), ''Zannichellia'' ('' palustris'', '' repens'') and ''Potamogeton'' (''pusillus'', ''panormitanus'', '' striatus'', '' berteroanus''). When attacking a plant stem, the species generates galls that are roughly spherical in shape, with a diameter of 1-5 mm, and with color ranging from light cream and green (during the phase of sporogenic development where small plasmodia become mature resting spores) to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodiophore
The plasmodiophores (also known as plasmophorids or plasmodiophorids) are a group of obligate endoparasitic protists belonging to the subphylum Endomyxa in Cercozoa. Taxonomically, they are united under a single family Plasmodiophoridae, order Plasmodiophorida, sister to the phagomyxids. Ecology and pathology Plasmodiophores are pathogenic for a wide range of organisms, but mainly green plants. The more commonly recognized are agents of plant diseases such as clubroot, powdery scab and crook root of watercress, or vectors for viruses that infect beets, peanut, monocots and potatoes, such as the potato mop-top virus or the beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Taxonomy History The plasmodiophores have historically been regarded as Fungi. The first description of plasmodiophores as a taxonomic group was in 1885 by Zopf, who united two genera ''Plasmodiophora'' and '' Tetramyxa'' in a common family “Plasmodiophoreæ”, inside the group “Monadineæ”, as part of the division Myx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodiophorid Genera
The Phytomyxea are a class of parasites that are cosmopolitan, obligate biotrophic protist parasites of plants, diatoms, oomycetes and brown algae. They are divided into the orders Plasmodiophorida (ICZN, or Plasmodiophoromycota, ICBN) and Phagomyxida. Plasmodiophorids are best known as pathogens or vectors for viruses of arable crops (e.g. club root in Brassicaceae, powdery scab in potatoes, and rhizomania in beets, especially sugar beets and some spinaches). Life cycle They typically develop within plant cells, causing the infected tissue to grow into a gall or scab. Important diseases caused by phytomyxeans include club root in cabbage and its relatives, and powdery scab in potatoes. These are caused by species of ''Plasmodiophora'' and ''Spongospora'', respectively.Agrios, George N. (2005). ''Plant Pathology''. 5th ed. Academic Presslink The vegetative form is a multinucleate cell, called a plasmodium. This ultimately divides to form new spores, which are released when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruppia
''Ruppia'', also known as the widgeonweeds, ditch grasses or widgeon grass, is the only extant genus in the family Ruppiaceae, with eight known species. These are aquatic plants widespread over much of the world. The genus name honours Heinrich Bernhard Rupp, a German botanist (1688-1719). They are widespread outside of frigid zones and the tropics. Description The leaf is simple and not rhizomatous. They can be annual (commonly) or perennial (rarely); stem growth is conspicuously sympodial, but sometimes is not. These species are adapted to be in brackish water (and salt marshes). The leaves are small or medium-sized. Their disposition can be alternate, opposite, or whorled (usually alternate except when subtending an inflorescence). Even, lamina keep entire and are setaceous or linear. The leaf just shows one vein without cross-venules. Stomata are not present. The mesophyll leaks calcium oxalate crystals. The minor leaf veins do not present phloem transfer cells and leaks ves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halophila Stipulacea
''Halophila stipulacea'' is a species of seagrass in the Hydrocharitaceae family. It is native to the Indian Ocean that spread into the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean after the opening of the Suez Canal. This seagrass is widespread through the Gulf of Aqaba. Recently it has arrived in the Caribbean where it is also spreading. It is suggested that the expansion of ''H. stipulacea'' from the Red Sea into the Mediterranean Sea was a result of the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. The invasion into the Mediterranean was first documented in 1894. This species was first reported in the Caribbean in Grenada, Dominica, and St. Lucia in 2002, 2007, and 2008 respectively. By 2017, ''H. stipulacea'' had expanded to nineteen other Caribbean islands. In the United States Virgin Islands, ''H. stipulacea'' was first observed in 2012 along the northeast coast of St. John, followed by St. Thomas and St. Croix in 2013 and 2016 respectively. ''H. stipulacea'' has been classified as an invasive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercozoa Genera
Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eukaryotic group to be recognized mainly through molecular phylogenies. They are the natural predators of many species of microbacteria and Archea. They are closely related to the phylum Retaria, comprising amoeboids that usually have complex shells, and together form a supergroup called Rhizaria. Characteristics The group includes most amoeboids and flagellates that feed by means of filose pseudopods. These may be restricted to part of the cell surface, but there is never a true cytostome or mouth as found in many other protozoa. They show a variety of forms and have proven difficult to define in terms of structural characteristics, although their unity is strongly supported by phylogenetic studies. Diversity Some cercozoans are grouped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elaeagnus Multiflora
''Elaeagnus multiflora'', the cherry elaeagnus, cherry silverberry, goumi, gumi, or natsugumi, is a species of ''Elaeagnus'' native to China, Korea, and Japan. ''Elaeagnus multiflora'' is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub or small tree growing to tall, with a trunk up to diameter with dark brown bark. The shoots are densely covered in minute red-brown scales. The leaves are ovate to elliptic, long and broad, green above, and silvery to orange-brown below with dense small scales. The flowers are solitary or in pairs in the leaf axils, fragrant, with a four-lobed pale yellowish-white corolla long; flowering is in mid-spring. The fruit is a round to oval drupe long, silvery-scaled orange, ripening red dotted with silver or brown, pendulous on a peduncle. When ripe in mid- to late summer, the fruit is juicy and edible, with a sweet but astringent taste somewhat similar to that of rhubarb. The skin of the fruit is thin and fragile, making it difficult to transport, thus red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triglochin Maritimum
''Triglochin maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, wet sandy beaches, fens, damp grassland and bogs. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisphere. In the British Isles it is common on the coast, but very rare inland. Description It is similar to marsh arrowgrass (''Triglochin palustris'') but has the following differences: it has stolons, is stouter. The leaves are fleshy and not furrowed above. It is not very aromatic. The raceme are more dense and like sea plantain. The flowers are fleshier.C. Dwight Marsh, A. B. Clawson, and G. C. Roe Jr (1929). Arrow grass as a Stock-Poisoning Plant'' United States Department of Agriculture. The fruits are oval, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide. It varies in height from . It flowers in May to August; flowers are greenish, 3 petalled, edged with purple, across, in a long spike. Common names include se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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