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Tetramelas Confusus
''Tetramelas confusus'' is a species of crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in the South Island of New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Anders Nordin. The type specimen was collected by David J. Galloway in the Old Man Range / Kopuwai (Otago) at an elevation of . The lichen is only known to occur in the Central Otago mountains, where it grows in alpine grasslands on dead grass, plant detritus, and old rabbit droppings. It has a thin, creamy-white to greyish-white thallus that spreads irregularly. Its ascospores are ellipsoid in shape, thin-walled with a single septum, and measure 13–25 by 5–7·5 μm The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Unit .... Secondary chemicals found in the lichen include 6-''O''-methylarthothelin (m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crustose Lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex (botany), cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of Fungus, fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera ''Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular axes of symmetry which intersect at a center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal axes'', or simply axes of the ellipsoid. If the three axes have different lengths, the figure is a triaxial ellipsoid (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Caliciales
Caliciales is an order of mostly lichenized fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It consists of two families: Caliciaceae and Physciaceae, which together contain 54 genera and more than 1200 species. The order was circumscribed by American botanist Charles Edwin Bessey in 1907. Families and genera , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. *Caliciaceae ::''Acolium'' – 5 spp. ::'' Acroscyphus'' – 1 sp. ::''Allocalicium'' – 1 sp. ::''Amandinea'' – 83 spp. ::''Australiaena'' – 1 sp. ::''Baculifera'' – 18 spp. ::''Buellia'' – 201 spp. ::'' Caliciella'' – 1 sp. ::''Calicium'' – 36 spp. ::''Chrismofulvea'' – 3 spp. ::''Ciposia'' – 1 sp. ::''Cratiria'' – 23 spp. ::''Dermatiscum'' – 2 sp. ::''Dermiscellum'' – 1 sp. ::''Dimelaena'' – 10 spp. ::''Diploicia'' – 6 spp. ::''Diplotomma'' – 12 spp. ::''Dirinaria'' – 18 spp. ::''Endohyalina'' – 10 sp. ::'' Fluctua'' – 1 sp. ::''Gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramelas Graminicolus
''Tetramelas'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Species *'' Tetramelas allisoniae'' *''Tetramelas anisomerus'' *'' Tetramelas austropapillatus'' *''Tetramelas chloroleucus'' *''Tetramelas cladocarpizus'' *'' Tetramelas concinnus'' *''Tetramelas confusus'' – New Zealand *'' Tetramelas coquimbensis'' *''Tetramelas darbishirei'' *'' Tetramelas filsonii'' *'' Tetramelas fuegiensis'' *'' Tetramelas geophilus'' *''Tetramelas graminicola'' *'' Tetramelas granulosus'' *'' Tetramelas grimmiae'' *''Tetramelas inordinatus'' *''Tetramelas insignis'' *''Tetramelas kopuwaianus'' *''Tetramelas lokenensis'' *''Tetramelas nelsonii'' *''Tetramelas papillatus'' *''Tetramelas peruviensis'' *''Tetramelas phaeophysciae'' *''Tetramelas poeltii'' *''Tetramelas pulverulentus'' *''Tetramelas regiomontanus'' *'' Tetramelas subpedicellatus'' *''Tetramelas terricola'' *''Tetramelas thiopolizus'' *'' Tetramelas triphragmioides'' *''Tetramelas weberianus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramelas Insignis
''Tetramelas'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Species *'' Tetramelas allisoniae'' *'' Tetramelas anisomerus'' *'' Tetramelas austropapillatus'' *''Tetramelas chloroleucus'' *''Tetramelas cladocarpizus'' *'' Tetramelas concinnus'' *'' Tetramelas confusus'' – New Zealand *'' Tetramelas coquimbensis'' *'' Tetramelas darbishirei'' *'' Tetramelas filsonii'' *'' Tetramelas fuegiensis'' *'' Tetramelas geophilus'' *''Tetramelas graminicola'' *'' Tetramelas granulosus'' *'' Tetramelas grimmiae'' *'' Tetramelas inordinatus'' *'' Tetramelas insignis'' *''Tetramelas kopuwaianus'' *''Tetramelas lokenensis'' *''Tetramelas nelsonii'' *''Tetramelas papillatus'' *''Tetramelas peruviensis'' *''Tetramelas phaeophysciae'' *''Tetramelas poeltii'' *''Tetramelas pulverulentus'' *''Tetramelas regiomontanus'' *'' Tetramelas subpedicellatus'' *'' Tetramelas terricola'' *'' Tetramelas thiopolizus'' *'' Tetramelas triphragmioides'' *''Tetramelas webe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramelas Papillatus
''Tetramelas'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Species *'' Tetramelas allisoniae'' *'' Tetramelas anisomerus'' *'' Tetramelas austropapillatus'' *''Tetramelas chloroleucus'' *''Tetramelas cladocarpizus'' *'' Tetramelas concinnus'' *'' Tetramelas confusus'' – New Zealand *'' Tetramelas coquimbensis'' *'' Tetramelas darbishirei'' *'' Tetramelas filsonii'' *'' Tetramelas fuegiensis'' *'' Tetramelas geophilus'' *''Tetramelas graminicola'' *'' Tetramelas granulosus'' *'' Tetramelas grimmiae'' *'' Tetramelas inordinatus'' *'' Tetramelas insignis'' *'' Tetramelas kopuwaianus'' *'' Tetramelas lokenensis'' *'' Tetramelas nelsonii'' *'' Tetramelas papillatus'' *''Tetramelas peruviensis'' *''Tetramelas phaeophysciae'' *''Tetramelas poeltii'' *''Tetramelas pulverulentus'' *''Tetramelas regiomontanus'' *'' Tetramelas subpedicellatus'' *'' Tetramelas terricola'' *'' Tetramelas thiopolizus'' *'' Tetramelas triphragmioides'' *''Tetramelas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can react allergic Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, refer a number of conditions caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic derma ... to atranorin. References Further reading * * * * Polyphenols Lichen products {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Metabolite
Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological interactions, which may produce a selective advantage for the organism by increasing its survivability or fecundity. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. The term secondary metabolite was first coined by Albrecht Kossel, a 1910 Nobel Prize laureate for medicine and physiology in 1910. 30 years later a Polish botanist Friedrich Czapek described secondary metabolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrometre
The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-" = ); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, , or about ). The nearest smaller common SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (). The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to . The longest human chromosome, chromosome 1, is approximately in length. Examples Between 1 μm and 10 μm: * 1–10 μm – length of a typical bacterium * 3–8 μm – width of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue. *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina * Intermuscular sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
