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Tetradymia
''Tetradymia'' is a genus of North American shrubs in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family.Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de, 1838. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 6: 440
in Latin
Horsebrush is a common name for plants in this genus. ; SpeciesFlann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
Strother, J. L. 1974. Taxonomy of ''Tetradymia'' (Compositae: Senecioneae). Brittonia 26: 177–202. ; formerly included see ''
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Tetradymia Filifolia
''Tetradymia'' is a genus of North American shrubs in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family.Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de, 1838. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 6: 440
in Latin
Horsebrush is a common name for plants in this genus. ; SpeciesFlann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
Strother, J. L. 1974. Taxonomy of ''Tetradymia'' (Compositae: Senecioneae). Brittonia 26: 177–202. ; formerly included see ''
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Tetradymia Canescens
''Tetradymia argyraea'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names spineless horsebrush and gray horsebrush. It is native to western North America. Distribution The range of ''Tetradymia argyraea'' is primarily east of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada of British Columbia to California. It extends eastward to southwest Montana, Wyoming, western Colorado and northwest New Mexico, where it grows in sagebrush scrub, woodlands, forest, scrubby open plains, and other habitat. It occupies a large range of elevations from near sea level to but favors the range of . Description It is a bushy shrub tall with multibranched woody or semi-woody stems that grow from taproots. It is coated in woolly fibers with hairless strips at intervals along the branches. It has no spines. The lance-shaped leaves are no more than long and woolly or silver-haired in texture. Longer-lived leaves are alternately arranged along the stem and smaller, shorter-lived l ...
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Tetradymia Comosa
''Tetradymia comosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, known by the common name hairy horsebrush. Distribution The plant is native to the Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges in Southern California and northern Baja California. It grows in local chaparral and woodlands habitats, such as coastal sage scrub and montane chaparral and woodlands. Description ''Tetradymia comosa'' is a whitish woolly shrub growing to over tall. The leaves are lance-shaped and up to 6 centimeters long, becoming rigid as they age, sometimes with their tips hardening to spines. The inflorescence bears three to six flower heads which are each enveloped in five or six thick phyllaries coated in white woolly hairs. Each head contains five to nine yellow or brownish flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a small, hairy achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many specie ...
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Tetradymia Axillaris
''Tetradymia axillaris'' is a flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names longspine horsebrush and cottonthorn. This is a plant of the sagebrush and desert plant communities of the southwestern United States. The plant forms a sprawling thicket and is very spiny. The green leaves dry and their tissues fall away, leaving the veins as hard, sharp spines. When in foliage the bush has green, hairy stems and bears yellow daisylike flowerheads in the axils, or angles, of the newest branches. The fruits are released in masses of cottony seed. There are two varieties of the species, var. ''axillaris'' and var. ''longispina''. They grow together in some areas and there their characteristics may intergrade.''Tetradymia axillaris''.
Flora of North America.
The sharp spines were used as
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Tetradymia Nuttallii
''Tetradymia nuttallii'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Nuttall's horsebrush. It is native to the western United States, where it occurs in Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado.Howard, Janet L. 2002''Tetradymia nuttallii''.In: Fire Effects Information System, nline U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. This shrub or subshrub has a stiff, branching network of stems reaching up to 1.2 meters in maximum height. Like other ''Tetradymia'', this species has two types of leaves. The larger, primary leaves become spines which may be over 2 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is made up of a few flower heads, each of which contains four bright yellow flowers. The fruit is well over a centimeter long, including its large pappus.
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Tetradymia Glabrata
''Tetradymia glabrata'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name littleleaf horsebrush. It is native to the western United States, especially the Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Its habitat includes sagebrush, woodlands, and scrub. It is an erect, bushy shrub growing to a maximum height over one meter, its stems coated unevenly in white woolly fibers with many bare strips. The narrow, pointed leaves are usually no more than a centimeter long and most occur in clusters along the branches. The inflorescence bears up to seven flower heads which are each enveloped in four woolly phyllaries. Each head contains four yellow cream flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy, ribbed achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not ope ... ...
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Tetradymia Stenolepis
''Tetradymia stenolepis'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Mojave cottonthorn. It is native to the deserts around the intersection of Arizona, Nevada, and eastern California, where it grows in woodland and scrub habitat on sandy and gravelly substrates. It is a bushy shrub with many branches coated in woolly white fibers and growing to a maximum height just over a meter. The narrow leaves are 2 or 3 centimeters long and harden into straight, sharp spines. Clusters of woolly leaves grow near the spines. The inflorescence bears up to 7 flower heads which are each enveloped in four or five woolly phyllaries. Each head contains up to four or five tubular yellow flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) a ...
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Tetradymia Spinosa
''Tetradymia spinosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name shortspine horsebrush. It is native to the western United States, especially the basins and plateaus west of the Rocky Mountains. It grows in sagebrush, woodlands, and scrub habitat, often among shadscale in alkaline areas such as playas. It is a bushy shrub with many branches coated in woolly white fibers and growing to a maximum height around a meter. The leaves are narrow, curving, and hooklike, hardening into sharp spines up to 2.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence bears one or two flower heads which are each enveloped in four to six woolly phyllaries. Each head contains up to 8 tubular yellow disc flowers up to 1 cm long. The fruit is a densely hairy achene which may be nearly 2 cm long, including its pappus of long bristles. The plant is extremely toxic, although it is unpalatable and unlikely to be eaten. Consumption causes liver damage and extreme light sensitivity, whi ...
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Tetradymia Argyraea
''Tetradymia argyraea'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names striped cottonthorn and striped horsebrush. It is native to the desert mountains of the southwestern United States, particularly of California, Nevada, and Arizona, where it grows in desert woodland habitat. It is a woolly, spiny shrub growing one half to nearly two meters in maximum height. The erect stems are white-woolly except for bare stripes at intervals. The leaves are linear in shape and harden as they age, becoming spiny. The larger leaves are woolly and there are clusters of smaller, threadlike leaves which may be hairless. The inflorescence bears two to five flower heads which are each enveloped in five thick phyllaries In botanical terminology, a phyllary, also known an involucral bract or tegule, is a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower. The involucre is the grouping of bracts together. Phyllaries are reduced leaf-like structures that form one o .. ...
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Tetradymia Tetrameres
''Tetradymia tetrameres'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name fourpart horsebrush and dune horsebrush. It is native to the Great Basin, where it occurs in western Nevada and just over the border in Mono County, California. It is a plant of dry scrub and sand dunes. It is a bushy, woolly shrub with many erect, spineless branches. It is the largest of the horsebrushes, growing up to two meters in height.Mozingo, H. N. (1987). Shrubs of the Great Basin: A Natural History.' University of Nevada Press 317-8. The soft, woolly leaves are narrow and threadlike, growing up to 4 centimeters long. Shorter leaves occur in clusters around the primary leaves. The inflorescence bears 4 to 6 flower heads which are each enveloped in four or five woolly phyllaries. Each head contains up to four or five light yellow flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or ...
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Senecioneae
Senecioneae is the largest tribe of the Asteraceae, or the sunflower family, comprising over 150 genera and over 3,500 species. Almost one-third of the species in this tribe are placed in the genus ''Senecio''. Its members exhibit probably the widest possible range of form to be found in the entire plant kingdom, and include annuals, minute creeping alpines, herbaceous and evergreen perennials, shrubs, climbers, succulents, trees, and semi-aquatic plants. Plants in this tribe are responsible for more livestock poisonings than all other plants combined. Its members usually contain liver and kidney toxic and carcinogenic unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids in ''Senecio'' and furanoeremophilanes in ''Tetradymia''. A number of species are well known in horticulture. Classification Since the time of Bentham, the "premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century", considerable efforts have been made to classify and understand the striking morphological diversity in the Se ...
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Idaho
Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. The state's capital and largest city is Boise. With an area of , Idaho is the 14th largest state by land area, but with a population of approximately 1.8 million, it ranks as the 13th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. For thousands of years, and prior to European colonization, Idaho has been inhabited by native peoples. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country, an area of dispute between the U.S. and the British Empire. It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846, but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863, instead ...
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