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Teso–Turkana Languages
The Teso–Turkana (or Ateker) languages are a group of closely related Eastern Nilotic languages spoken in southeastern South Sudan, northeastern Uganda, northwestern Kenya, and southwestern Ethiopia. In effect they form a dialect cluster consisting of c.2 million people. According to Gerrit Dimmendaal, most of these languages – Karimojong, Jie, Toposa, Turkana, and Nyangatom – are mutually intelligible, and for the most part differ only in regard to tone.Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (1983) ''The Turkana language''. Dordrecht: Foris. Teso belongs to the same broad group but is not described as being as closely related to Turkana as the others. The languages are: * Teso (Ateso) *Turkanic ** Turkana ** Karimojong (incl. Jie, Dodoth) ** Toposa (incl. Jiye) ** Nyangatom See also * Ateker Ateker, or ŋaTekerin, is a common name for the closely related Lango people, Jie, Karamojong, Turkana, Toposa, Nyangatom and Teso peoples and their languages. These ethnic groups inhab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sudan
South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya. Its population was estimated as 12,778,250 in 2019. Juba is the capital and largest city. It gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state or country with widespread recognition as of 2022. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the '' Bahr al Jabal'', meaning "Mountain River". Sudan was occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and was governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon broke out in 1983 and ended in 2005 with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkana Language
Turkana Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya and Ethiopia. It is spoken in northwestern Kenya, primarily in Turkana County, which lies west of Lake Turkana. It is one of the Eastern Nilotic languages, and is closely related to Karamojong language, Karamojong, Jie and Teso language, Teso of Uganda, to Toposa language, Toposa spoken in the extreme southeast of South Sudan, and to Nyangatom language, Nyangatom in the South Sudan/Ethiopia Omo River (Ethiopia), Omo valley borderland; these languages together form the cluster of Teso–Turkana languages, Ateker Languages. The collective group name for these related peoples is Ateker. Phonology Consonants * /p/ can also occur as affricated [Voiceless bilabial affricate, pɸ] when in syllable-initial positions. * Affricate sounds /tʃ dʒ/ can also be heard as palatal stops [c ɟ]. * Voiced stops /b d dʒ ɡ/ may also occur glottalized as implosives [ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ateker
Ateker, or ŋaTekerin, is a common name for the closely related Lango people, Jie, Karamojong, Turkana, Toposa, Nyangatom and Teso peoples and their languages. These ethnic groups inhabit an area across Uganda and Kenya. ''Itung'a'' (a vernacular term meaning "people of one language") and ''Teso'' have been used among ethnographers, while the term Teso-Turkana is sometimes used for the languages, which are of Eastern Nilotic stock. ''Ateker'' means 'clan' or 'tribe' in the Teso language. In the Lango language, the word for clan is ''atekere''. In the Turkana language, ''Ateker'' means a distinct group with related customs, laws and lifestyle and who share a common ancestry. Members of one ''Ateker'' have a common character of mutual respect in their diversity. Each member group of ''Ateker'' occupies its own territory and exercises authority over its own land and people independent of each other. The word ''Ateker'' is a generic term for "related peoples" or "relatives" (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation (linguistics), intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels. Languages that have this feature are called tonal languages; the distinctive tone patterns of such a language are sometimes called tonemes, by analogy with ''phoneme''. Tonal languages are common in East and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Pacific. Tonal languages are different from Pitch-accent language, pitch-accent languages in that tonal languages can have each syllable with an independent tone whilst pitch-accent languages may have one syllable in a word or morpheme that is more prominent than the others. Mechanics Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyangatom Language
Nyangatom (also Inyangatom, Donyiro, Dongiro, Idongiro) is a Nilotic language spoken in Ethiopia by the Nyangatom people The Nyangatom also known as Donyiro and pejoratively as Bumé are Nilotic agro-pastoralists inhabiting the border of southwestern Ethiopia, southeastern South Sudan, and the Ilemi Triangle. They speak the Nyangatom language. Overview The Nyangat .... It is an oral language only, having no working orthography at present. Related languages include Toposa and Turkana, both of which have a level of mutual intelligibility; Blench (2012) counts it as a dialect of Turkana. Phonology Consonants Vowels *Vowel length is contrastive in Nyangatom, as in ''dʒík'' 'completely' vs. ''dʒíík'' 'always' *Before a pause, short vowels carrying a single, simple tone are devoiced. Bibliography *Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. 2007. "Ñaŋatom language" in Siegbert Uhlig (ed.) ''Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Vol 3''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 1131–1132. References {{E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerrit Dimmendaal
Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal (born 1955) is a Dutch linguist and Africanist. His research interests focused mainly on the Nilo-Saharan languages.Gerrit Dimmendaal, Colleen Ahland & Angelika Jakobi (2019) "Linguistic features and typologies in languages commonly referred to as 'Nilo-Saharan'", ''Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics'' He completed his studies (1973–1978) in African studies, Arabic studies, history, and comparative literature at Leiden University, and graduating with a doctorate in 1982. He has been Professor of African Studies at University of Cologne since 2000. Selected works * ''The Turkana language''. Dordrecht 1983, . * with Marco Last: ''Surmic languages and cultures''. Köln 1998, . * ''Coding participant marking. Construction types in twelve African languages''. Amsterdam 2009, . * ''Historical linguistics and the comparative study of African languages''. Amsterdam 2011, . * ''The Oxford Handbook of African Languages'' co-edited with Rainer Vossen Rainer V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect Cluster
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently. Some prominent examples include the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the Chinese languages or dialects, and subgroups of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic families in Europe. Leonard Bloomfield used the name dialect area. Charles F. Hockett used the term L-complex. Dialect continua typically occur in long-settled agrarian populations, as innovations spread from their various points of origin as waves. In this situation, hierarchical classifications of varieties are impractical. Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lango Language
Lango (also called Leb-Lango) is not exclusively a Luo language although past linguists have wrongly grouped it under Luo languages. It is a mixture of Ateker languages, and broken Luo dialects. The word "Lango" is used to describe both the language spoken by the indigenous and the tribe itself. It is mainly spoken in Lango sub-region, in the North Central Region of Uganda, by approximately 1.5 million speakers. An orthography for it using the Latin script has been introduced and is taught in primary schools. The origin of Lango people The Lango are a Nilo- Hamitic ethnic group of the Ateker peoples. They live in north-central Uganda, in a region that covers the area formerly known as the Lango District until 1974, when it was split into the districts of Apac and Lira, ... is strongly linked to Karamojong and Teso speaking people. Writing system Long vowels are indicated by doubling the vowel: . References External links Languages of Uganda Ok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toposa Language
Toposa (also Akara, Kare, Kumi, Taposa, Topotha) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in South Sudan by the Toposa people. Mutually intelligible language varieties include Jiye of South Sudan, Nyangatom of Ethiopia, Karimojong The Karamojong or Karimojong are a Nilotic ethnic group. They are agro-pastoral herders living mainly in the north-east of Uganda. Their language is also known as ngaKarimojong and is part of the Nilotic language family. History The Karamojon ..., Jie and Dodos of Uganda and Turkana of Kenya. Teso (spoken in both Kenya and Uganda) is lexically more distant. Phonology Consonants *All consonants (except, of course, for /w/ and /j/) can occur in labialized and palatalized forms. Vowels *Toposa, like many Nilotic languages, has vowel harmony with two sets of vowels: a set with the tongue root advanced (+ATR) and a −ATR set. +ATR is marked. The vowel is neutral with respect to vowel harmony. *All nine vowels also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical .... The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile, Nile basin and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate. It has a population of around 49 million, of which 8.5 million live in the Capital city, capital and largest city of Kampala. Uganda is named after the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country, includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karimojong Language
The Karamojong language (spelled ''ŋaKarimojoŋ'' or ''ŋaKaramojoŋ'' in Karamojong; Ngakarimojong or N'Karamojong in English) is a Nilotic language spoken by the Karamojong people in Northeast Uganda. Ngakarimojong is a Nilotic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family (Encyclopædia Britannica) spoken by at least 370,000 people in Uganda – the Karamojong people, or ''ŋiKarimojoŋ'' in their language. The name approximates to "the old men sat down", dating from a time of migration 300 or more years ago when this group refused to travel further on (to what is now Teso). They are a cattle-keeping people practising transhumance, which is reflected in the language as are their traditional religious beliefs. Settled cultivation is relatively recent and thus words associated with this are usually borrowed from neighbouring languages or from languages introduced by, or as a result of, colonialism – English, Luganda, Swahili. Modern technical words come from these latter a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teso Language
Teso (natively ''Ateso'') is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by the Iteso people of Uganda and Kenya and some speakers are in South Sudan. It is part of the Teso–Turkana language cluster. According to the 2002 Uganda population and housing census, over 1.57 million people in Uganda (6.7 percent of the total Uganda population) spoke Ateso. Also, an estimated 279,000 people in Kenya speak the language. Its SIL code is TEO. Ateso is spoken in the Teso sub-region. Ateso is also known as Bakedi, Bakidi, Elgumi, Etossio, Ikumama, Iteso, Teso or Wamia. It is closely related to Turkana and Karamojong. Alphabet There are 22 letters in the Ateso alphabet F,H,Q,V,H,X and Z are not used and ŋ and NY are added. F,H,Q,V,H,X,Z only appear in loan words. The pronunciation guides that follow are for practice only; the correct sounds can only be learned by practice from a teacher or an audio media. There are five vowels in Ateso A, E, I, O, U. These five letters, however, represent mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
