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Terrorist And Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, commonly known as TADA, was an Indian anti-terrorism law which was in force between 1985 and 1995 (modified in 1987) under the background of the Punjab insurgency and was applied to whole of India. It was originally assented to by the President on 23 May 1985 and came into effect on 24 May 1985. This act was intended to halt the Khalistani Movement, an armed Sikh separatist movement present in Punjab. It later expanded to encompass other states as well. The Act had a sunset provision for lapsing after two years post-commencement, which it did on 24 May 1987. The Parliament not being in session, the life of the Act could not be extended. But the provisions were kept alive by an ordinance effective from the expiry date of the Act. This ordinance was later replaced with the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987. It was assented to on 3 September 1987, and made effective in two parts from 24 May 1987 and 3 Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of India
The Parliament of India (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameralism, bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister of India, prime minister and his Union Council of Ministers. Those elected or nominated (by the president) to either house of Parliament are referred to as member of Parliament (India), members of Parliament (MPs). The member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, members of parliament of the Lok Sabha are direct election, directly elected by the Indian public voting in single-member districts and the member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, members of parliam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conviction
In law, a conviction is the verdict reached by a court of law finding a defendant guilty of a crime. The opposite of a conviction is an acquittal (that is, "not guilty"). In Scotland, there can also be a verdict of "not proven", which is considered an acquittal. Sometimes, despite a defendant being found guilty, the court may order that the defendant not be convicted. This is known as a discharge and is used in countries such as England, Wales, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The criminal justice system is not perfect and there are instances in which guilty defendants are acquitted and innocent people are convicted. Appeal mechanisms and post conviction relief procedures may help to address this issue to some extent. An error leading to the conviction of an innocent person is known as a miscarriage of justice. After a defendant is convicted, the court determines the appropriate sentence as a punishment. In addition to the sentence, a conviction can also have other consequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Repealed Indian Legislation
A repeal (O.F. ''rapel'', modern ''rappel'', from ''rapeler'', ''rappeler'', revoke, ''re'' and ''appeler'', appeal) is the removal or reversal of a law. There are two basic types of repeal; a repeal with a re-enactment is used to replace the law with an updated, amended, or otherwise related law, or a repeal without replacement so as to abolish its provisions altogether. Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Under the common law of England and Wales, the effect of repealing a statute was "to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed." This, however, is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978. In parliamentary procedure, the motion to rescind, repeal, or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly. Partial or full repeals A partial repeal occurs when a specified part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 In India
Events in the year 1995 in the Republic of India. Incumbents * President of India – Shankar Dayal Sharma * Prime Minister of India – P. V. Narasimha Rao * Vice President of India – K. R. Narayanan * Chief Justice of India – Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi Governors * Andhra Pradesh – Krishan Kant * Arunachal Pradesh – Mata Prasad * Assam – Loknath Mishra * Bihar – Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai * Goa – Gopala Ramanujam (until 15 June), Romesh Bhandari (starting 16 June) * Gujarat – Sarup Singh (until 1 July), Naresh Chandra (starting 1 July) * Haryana – Dhanik Lal Mandal (starting 13 June), Mahabir Prasad (starting 14 June) * Himachal Pradesh –** until 17 September: Sudhakarrao Naik ** 17 September-16 November: Mahabir Prasad ** starting 16 November: Sheila Kaul * Jammu and Kashmir – K. V. Krishna Rao * Karnataka – Khurshed Alam Khan * Kerala – B. Rachaiah (until 9 November), P. Shiv Shankar (starting 9 November) * Madhya Pradesh – Mohammad Shafi Qure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 In India
Events in the year 1991 in the Republic of India. Incumbents * President of India – R. Venkataraman * Prime Minister of India – Chandra Shekhar Singh until 21 June, P. V. Narasimha Rao * Vice President of India – Shankar Dayal Sharma * Chief Justice of India – ** until 24 November – Ranganath Misra ** 25 November-12 December – Kamal Narain Singh ** starting 13 December – Madhukar Hiralal Kania Governors * Andhra Pradesh – Krishan Kant * Arunachal Pradesh – ** until 16 March: Devi Das Thakur ** 16 March-25 March: Loknath Mishra ** starting 25 March: Surendranath Dwivedy * Assam – Devi Das Thakur (until 17 March), Loknath Mishra (starting 17 March) * Bihar – ** until 13 February: Mohammad Saleem ** 14 February-18 March: B. Satya Narayan Reddy ** starting 18 March: Mohammad Shafi Qureshi * Goa – Khurshed Alam Khan (until 17 March), Bhanu Prakash Singh (starting 18 March) * Gujarat – Sarup Singh * Haryana – Dhanik Lal Mandal * Himachal Prade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 In India
Events in the year 1989 in the Republic of India. 1989 was a very important year in the history of World and India. That was the year in which Berlin Wall was brought down and Tiananmen Square protests happened. In India this was the year of profound importance. It was the year, from which the political discourse of India started to change, with events that heralded the rise of Hindu nationalism, Kashmir militancy, Mandal Politics, Indian cricket etc. and marked the shift from era of single party rule to decades of coalition governments ahead. In socio-political discourse of country, this was an year which started the shift of, ''sense of history in minds of people'' from a consensus based one that emerged post 1947 to contested one that emerged along with Ram Janmabhoomi Andolan. Incumbents * President of India – R. Venkataraman * Prime Minister of India – Rajiv Gandhi until 2 December, V. P. Singh * Vice President of India – Shankar Dayal Sharma * Chief Justice of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1987 In India
Events in the year 1987 in the Republic of India. Incumbents * President of India – Zail Singh until 25 July, R. Venkataraman * Prime Minister of India – Rajiv Gandhi * Vice President of India – R. Venkataraman until 24 July, Shankar Dayal Sharma * Chief Justice of India – Raghunandan Swarup Pathak Governors * Andhra Pradesh – Kumud Ben Joshi * Arunachal Pradesh – ** 20 February-18 March: Bhishma Narain Singh ** starting 18 March: R. D. Pradhan * Assam – Bhishma Narain Singh * Bihar – P. Venkatasubbaiah * Goa – Gopal Singh (starting 30 May) * Gujarat – Ram Krishna Trivedi * Haryana – Saiyid Muzaffar Husain Burney * Himachal Pradesh – R. K. S. Ghandhi * Jammu and Kashmir – Jagmohan Malhotra * Karnataka – Ashoknath Banerji (until 26 February), Pendekanti Venkatasubbaiah (starting 26 February) * Kerala – P. Ramachandran * Madhya Pradesh – ** until 30 November: K.M Chandy ** 30 November-29 December: Narayan Dutta Ojha ** starting 29 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990s In India
development in Indian Politics in 1990's The 1990s was a historic decade in India. Economic growth rates increased as policies were liberalised though not as quickly as in China. Urbanisation was also very slow compared to that in China. Rate of growth of population and fertility rates decreased. Infant mortality rates saw a good rate of decrease. Two polarising trends emerged in national politics – that of the politics of social justice based on caste which followed the implementation of Mandal commission report, and of the politics of religion based on Hindu nationalism, which was marked by demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992 and the subsequent communal riots. Era of coalitions The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged from the May 1996 national elections as the single-largest party in the Lok Sabha but without enough strength to prove a majority on the floor of that Parliament. Under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the BJP coalition lasted in power 13 days. With all p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Bombay Bombings
The 1993 Bombay bombings were a series of 12 terrorist bombings that took place in Bombay, Maharashtra, on 12 March 1993. The single-day attacks resulted in 257 fatalities and 1,400 injuries. The attacks were coordinated by Dawood Ibrahim, leader of the Mumbai-based international organised crime syndicate D-Company. Ibrahim was believed to have ordered and helped organize the bombings through his subordinates Tiger Memon and Yakub Memon. For several years, confusion existed about the number of blasts, whether they were 12 or 13 in number. This was because Sharad Pawar, the then chief minister of Maharashtra, stated on television that day that there had been 13 blasts, and included a Muslim-dominated locality in the list. He later revealed that he had lied on purpose, and that there had been only 12 blasts, none of them in Muslim-dominated areas; he also confessed that he had attempted to mislead the public into believing that the blasts could be the work of the LTTE, a Sri Lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Parliament Of India 1985
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. It gives an account of the ministry and activity of Christ's apostles in Jerusalem and other regions, after Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 90–110. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the chur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism Laws In India
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral country, neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but became widely used internationally and gained worldwide attention in the 1970s during The Troubles, the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Basque conflict, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the 2001 September 11 attacks in the United States. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Terrorism is a Loaded language, charged term. It is often used with the connotation of some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Friday – The True Story Of The Bombay Bomb Blasts
''Black Friday: The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts'' is a 2002 Indian non-fiction crime novel written by journalist Hussain Zaidi. It retraces the events that led to the 1993 Bombay bombings and the investigation that followed. It was first published by Penguin Books in 2002 and later in 2008. The novel was adapted into a feature film of the same name directed by Anurag Kashyap. Development Hussain Zaidi was a journalist and was doing a story as a free-lancer for ''Blitz'' about the torture on the accused of the 1993 Bombay bombings. The article was published in 1994 and the editor of the magazine paid Zaidi double the amount that was promised after seeing the amount of research put into the story. Zaidi then continued covering the underworld, cops and the politicians. In 1997, author Vikram Chandra was writing '' Sacred Games'' and wanted help from someone who "knew the underworld in and out" and approached Zaidi who gave him a lot of information in a year. Chandra th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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