Terra-Gruppen
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Terra-Gruppen
Eika Gruppen, formerly Terra-Gruppen, branded as Terra is a strategic alliance among 77 local Norwegian savings banks that co-ordinates work within the areas defined as falling within the alliance. The group supplies products and services to banks and other actors within the financial sector. The services of Eika include product development, procurement of services and products relating to information technology and payment processing, project management, training and expertise development. The financial companies provides a wide range of financial products, including securities, insurance and real estate agencies, financing and debit cards and credit cards. The alliance has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway, and the ownerbanks has a total assets of NOK 250 billion. Subsidiaries * Aktiv Eiendomsmegling (real estate agencies incl franchise) * Aktiv Eiendomsoppgjør (real estate services) * Eika BoligKreditt (mortgage finance) * Eika Kredittbank (credit and debit cards, consumer f ...
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Terra Securities Scandal
The Terra Securities scandal was a scandal that became public in November 2007. It involved highly speculative investments by eight municipalities of Norway in various hedge funds in the United States bond market.Mark Landler"U.S. Credit Crisis Adds to Gloom in Arctic Norway"''New York Times'', December 2, 2007 (Retrieved on December 2, 2007) The funds were sold by Terra Securities to the municipalities, while the products were delivered by Citigroup. The municipalities involved were Narvik, Rana, Hattfjelldal and Hemnes in Nordland, Vik and Bremanger in Sogn og Fjordane, Haugesund in Rogaland, and Kvinesdal in Vest-Agder, all large producers of hydroelectricity. The investments were very complicated. They were geared, and they involved high risk through a small upside but a very large downside. Terra Securities, now bankrupt, was a subsidiary of Terra Markets, which is owned 66.73% by Terra-Gruppen, an alliance and co-branding company owned by 78 local savings banks in Norwa ...
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Terra Securities
Terra Securities ASA was a Norwegian security company that sold various financial instruments, index options, hedge funds and other investment securities through 78 local savings banks that are members of Terra-Gruppen. In 2006 it had a market share of 1.92% on Oslo Stock Exchange, rating it as the 21st largest of 49 security companies in Norway. The company was a subsidiary of Terra Markets that is owned by Norne Securities. In 2007 the company was hit by the Terra Securities scandal that after having misinformed eight municipalities in Norway as to the risk of their investments. On 28 November 2007 the company filed for bankruptcy after the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of fin ... had stripped Terra Securities of its brokera ...
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Ola Sundt Ravnestad
Ola Sundt Ravnestad (born May 31, 1961 in Gloppen, Norway) is a Norwegian businessperson, banker and entrepreneur. He was the chief executive officer of the bank alliance Terra-Gruppen, that he founded along with a number of savings banks in the year 1997. Sundt Ravnestad is an educated marine engineer, and ''siviløkonom''(literally "civil economist"), from BI Norwegian Business School BI Norwegian Business School () is the largest business school in Norway and the second largest in all of Europe. BI has in total four campuses with the main one located in Oslo. The university has 845 employees consisting of an academic staff o .... References 1961 births Living people Norwegian bankers Eika Gruppen BI Norwegian Business School alumni People from Gloppen {{norway-business-bio-stub ...
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Sparebank
Sparebank is a Norwegian savings bank without external owners. The Norwegian sparebanks are a separate type of juridical entity that differ from commercial banks. There are a total of 123 savings banks in Norway. History The first savings bank was created in 1822, and in the following 75 years savings banks were set up in most municipalities of Norway. The banks had both a savings upbringing function for the commoners (so they did not have to burden society when they got sick and old) and served an important part in local communities development and self-financing. Historically the savings banks concentrated on private customers, combined with small businesses and the primary sector. Loans were financed through deposits. Today the differences between savings banks and commercial banks are smaller, partially because savings banks now can issue stock-like '' grunnfondsbevis'' where the owners are both given dividend and representation in the governing bodies of the banks. The ...
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Real Estate Broker
A real estate agent or real estate broker is a person who represents sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions. Buyers and sellers are generally advised to consult a licensed real estate professional for a written definition of an individual state's laws of agency. Many states require written disclosures to be signed by all parties outlining the duties and obligations. Generally, real estate brokers or agents fall into four categories of representation: *Seller's agents, commonly called "listing brokers" or "listing agents", are contracted by owners to assist with marketing property for sale or lease. *Buyer's agents are brokers or salespersons who assist buyers by helping them purchase property. *Dual agents help ...
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Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term ''bankruptcy'' is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. Etymology The word ''bankruptcy'' is derived from Italian ''banca rotta'', literally meaning "broken bank". The term is often described as having originated in renaissance Italy, where there allegedly existed the tradition of smashing a banker's bench if he defaulted on payment so that the public could see that the banker, the owner of the bench, was no longer in a condition to continue his business, although some dismiss this as a false etymology. History In Ancient Greece, bankruptcy did not exist. If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into " ...
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Financial Supervisory Authority Of Norway
Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of financial economics bridges the two). Finance activities take place in Financial system, financial systems at various scopes, thus the field can be roughly divided into Personal finance, personal, Corporate finance, corporate, and public finance. In a financial system, assets are bought, sold, or traded as Financial instrument, financial instruments, such as Currency, currencies, Loan, loans, Bond (finance), bonds, Share (finance), shares, Stock, stocks, Option (finance), options, Futures contract, futures, etc. Assets can also be Bank, banked, Investment, invested, and Insurance, insured to maximize value and minimize loss. In practice, Financial risk, risks are alway ...
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Leverage (finance)
In finance, leverage (or gearing in the United Kingdom and Australia) is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy things, hoping that future profits will be many times more than the cost of borrowing. This technique is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force, because successful leverage amplifies the comparatively small amount of money needed for borrowing into large amounts of profit. However, the technique also involves the high risk of not being able to pay back a large loan. Normally, a lender will set a limit on how much risk it is prepared to take and will set a limit on how much leverage it will permit, and would require the acquired asset to be provided as collateral security for the loan. Leveraging enables gains to be multiplied.Brigham, Eugene F., ''Fundamentals of Financial Management'' (1995). On the other hand, losses are also multiplied, and there is a risk that leveraging will result in a loss if financi ...
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Online Banking
Online banking, also known as internet banking, web banking or home banking, is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution's website. The online banking system will typically connect to or be part of the core banking system operated by a bank to provide customers access to banking services in addition to or in place of traditional branch banking. Online banking significantly reduces the banks' operating cost by reducing reliance on a branch network and offers greater convenience to some customers by lessening the need to visit a branch bank as well as the convenience of being able to perform banking transactions even when branches are closed. Internet banking provides personal and corporate banking services offering features such as viewing account balances, obtaining statements, checking recent transactions, transferring money between accounts, and mak ...
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Sparebank 1
SpareBank 1 is a Norwegian alliance and brand name for a group of savings banks. The alliance is organised through the holding company ''SpareBank 1 Gruppen AS'' owned by the participating banks. In total the alliance is Norway's second largest bank with total assets of NOK 625 billion, 352 branches and 6300 employees. The alliance has its head office in Oslo, Norway. The banks in the SpareBank 1 Alliance distribute SpareBank 1 groups' products and collaborate in key areas such as brands, work processes, expertise development, IT operations and system development. Companies in the group include the mutual fund company ODIN Forvaltning, the life insurance company ''SpareBank 1 Livsforsikring'', the insurance company ''SpareBank 1 Skadeforsikring'', the credit card company ''SpareBank 1 Medlemskort'', ''SpareBank 1 Utvikling'', the commercial bank ''Bank 1 Oslo'', the car finance company ''SpareBank 1 Bilplan'' (19.9%) and the securities company ''First Securities'' (24.5%). Histo ...
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Merger
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are business transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred to or consolidated with another company or business organization. As an aspect of strategic management, M&A can allow enterprises to grow or downsize, and change the nature of their business or competitive position. Technically, a is a legal consolidation of two business entities into one, whereas an occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity's share capital, equity interests or assets. A deal may be euphemistically called a ''merger of equals'' if both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies. From a legal and financial point of view, both mergers and acquisitions generally result in the consolidation of assets and liabilities under one entity, and the distinction between the two is not always clear. In most countries, mergers and acquisitions must comp ...
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Sparebanken NOR
Union Bank of Norway branded as Sparebanken NOR was Norway's largest savings bank between 1990 and 1999. The bank was created as a merger between Sparebanken ABC and four other regional savings banks. The new bank had its headquarters in Oslo and was in existence until 1999 when it merged with Gjensidige to form Gjensidige NOR. Today the bank is part of DnB NOR. The bank was primarily concentrated around Eastern Norway where the original five banks had branches in Akershus, Buskerud, Oslo, Vestfold and Østfold in addition to offices in Bergen, Bodø, Kristiansand, Tromsø, Trondheim and Vadsø in addition to Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan .... External links DnB NOR corporate web site Defunct banks of Norway Companies formerly listed on the Oslo ...
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