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Tephromelataceae
The Tephromelataceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984. Tephromelataceae comprises the genera '' Tephromela'', '' Calvitimela'', '' Mycoblastus'' and '' Violella'', which together constitute a well-supported monophyletic group. The family Mycoblastaceae, proposed by Hafellner to contain the genus ''Mycoblastus'', was also published in the same 1984 publication; it was later placed into synonymy with Tephromelataceae. The latter name takes precedence because of its first adopted use. Genera Tephromelataceae contains 4 genera and about 53 species. This is a list of the genera contained within the Tephromelataceae; following the genus name is the taxonomic authority In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: tax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvitimela
''Calvitimela'' is a lichen genus in the family Tephromelataceae (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes). Members of the family Tephromelataceae are crustose lichens with green photobionts and lecideine or lecanorine apothecia. The species in ''Calvitimela'' have lecideine apothecia, are saxicolous and are primarily found in alpine to arctic regions. Species ''Calvitimela'' currently includes ten species: *'' Calvitimela aglaea'' (Sommerf.) Hafellner *'' Calvitimela armeniaca'' (DC.) Hafellner (type species) *'' Calvitimela austrochilensis'' Fryday *'' Calvitimela cuprea'' Haugan & Timdal *'' Calvitimela livida'' Haugan & Timdal *'' Calvitimela melaleuca'' (Sommerf.) R. Sant *'' Calvitimela perlata'' (Haugan & Timdal) R. Sant *'' Calvitimela septentrionalis'' (Hertel & Rambold) McCune *'' Calvitimela talayana'' (Haugan & Timdal) M.P. Andreev *'' Calvitimela uniseptata'' G. Thor Taxonomy The taxonomic history of ''Calvitimela'' is long and relatively complex. In the early days, the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycoblastus
''Mycoblastus'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. Members of the genus are commonly called blood lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Johannes Musaeus Norman, who selected the widespread '' Mycoblastus sanguinarius'' as the type species. This species was one of many introduced by Carl Linnaeus in his influential 1753 work ''Species Plantarum'', as ''Lichen sanguinarius''. In North America this species is colloquially known as the "bloody-heart lichen". In 1984 Josef Hafellner created the family Mycoblastaceae to contain this genus, but this family has since been placed in synonymy with the Tephromelataceae. Description ''Mycoblastus'' species produce a grayish-white or greenish-gray crustose thallus that contains a green algal photobiont from the genus ''Trebouxia''. The apothecia are typically large, hemmispherical, shiny black or dark pigmented, and lack a margin. There are highly branched and anastomosing paraphyses that form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violella
''Violella'' is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. The genus is characterized by its brownish inner ascospore walls, brilliant violet hymenial pigment (called Fucatus-violet), and thallus chemistry. The type species, '' Violella fucata'', was originally placed in genus ''Mycoblastus'', but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this species as well as the Asian species '' V. wangii'' formed a phylogenetically distinct clade and warranted placement in a new genus. The generic name ''Violella'', a diminutive form of the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... ''viola'', refers to the characteristic hymenium colour. References Lecanorales genera Lecanorales Lichen genera Taxa described in 2011 Taxa named by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanorales
The Lecanorales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The order contains 26 families, 269 genera, and 5695 species. Families * Aphanopsidaceae * Biatorellaceae * Brigantiaeaceae * Bruceomycetaceae * Carbonicolaceae * Catillariaceae * Cladoniaceae * Crocyniaceae * Dactylosporaceae * Gypsoplacaceae * Haematommataceae * Lecanoraceae * Malmideaceae * Pachyascaceae * Parmeliaceae * Pilocarpaceae * Psilolechiaceae * Psoraceae * Ramalinaceae * Ramboldiaceae * Scoliciosporaceae * Sphaerophoraceae * Stereocaulaceae * Tephromelataceae * Vezdaeaceae Genera of uncertain placement There are several genera in the Lecanorales that have not been placed with certainty into any family. These are: *'' Coronoplectrum'' – 1 sp. *'' Ivanpisutia'' – 1 sp. *'' Joergensenia'' – 1 sp. *'' Myochroidea'' – 4 spp. *'' Neopsoromopsis'' – 1 sp. *''Psoromella ''Psoromella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tephromela Atra
''Tephromela atra'' is a species of lichen in the family Tephromelataceae. It has a worldwide distribution. Synonyms ''Tephromela atra'' has many synonym since many previously described species have been reclassified as ''T. atra.'' These include ''Lecanora atra'', ''Lecidea atroides'', ''Lichen ater'', ''Parmelia atra'', '' Patellaria atra'', ''Psora atra'', ''Rinodina atra'', ''Scutellaria atra'' and ''Verrucaria ''Verrucaria'' is a genus of lichenized (lichen-forming) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by German botanist Heinrich Adolph Schrader in 1794, with '' Verrucaria rupestris'' assigned as the type species. I ... atra''. References Lecanorales Lichen species Lichens of Malesia Lichens described in 1762 Taxa named by William Hudson (botanist) {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tephromela
''Tephromela'' is a genus of lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. There are about 25 species in this widespread genus. Species *'' Tephromela alectoronica'' *'' Tephromela antarctica'' *'' Tephromela arafurensis'' *''Tephromela atra ''Tephromela atra'' is a species of lichen in the family Tephromelataceae. It has a worldwide distribution. Synonyms ''Tephromela atra'' has many synonym since many previously described species have been reclassified as ''T. atra.'' These includ ...'' *'' Tephromela atrocaesia'' *'' Tephromela atroviolacea'' *'' Tephromela austrolitoralis'' *'' Tephromela baudiniana'' – Australia *'' Tephromela bourgeanica'' *'' Tephromela buelliana'' *'' Tephromela bullata'' *'' Tephromela bunyana'' *'' Tephromela connivens'' *'' Tephromela disciformis'' *'' Tephromela disjuncta'' *'' Tephromela erosa'' *'' Tephromela eviolacea'' *'' Tephromela follmannii'' *'' Tephromela gigantea'' *'' Tephromela globularis'' *'' Tephromela granularis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Families
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Lecanoromycetes Families
Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina Pezizomycotina make up most of the Ascomycota fungi and include most lichenized fungi too. Pezizomycotina contains the filamentous ascomycetes and is a subdivision of the Ascomycota (fungi that form their spores in a sac-like ''ascus''). It is m ... in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci ( spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. Genera of uncertain placement The are several genera in the Lecanoromycetes that have not been placed into any order or family. These are: *'' Argopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Ascographa'' - 1 sp. *'' Bartlettiella'' – 1 sp. *'' Bouvetiella'' – 1 sp. *'' Buelliastrum'' – 1 sp. *'' Haploloma'' – 1 sp. *'' Hosseusia'' – 3 spp. *'' Korfiomyces'' – 1 sp. *'' Maronella'' – 1 sp. *'' Notolecidea'' – 1 sp. *'' Petractis'' – 3 spp. *'' Piccolia'' – 10 spp. *'' Ravenelula'' – 2 spp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transformed into a system of modern biological classification intended to reflect the evolu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order ( la, wikt:ordo#Latin, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
