Ten Years War
The Ten Years' War ( es, Guerra de los Diez Años; 1868–1878), also known as the Great War () and the War of '68, was part of Cuba's fight for independence from Spain. The uprising was led by Cuban-born planters and other wealthy natives. On 10 October 1868, sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed independence, beginning the conflict. This was the first of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Little War (Cuba), Little War (1879–1880) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898). The final three months of the last conflict escalated with United States involvement, leading to the Spanish–American War. Background Slavery Cuban business owners demanded fundamental social and economic reforms from Spain, which ruled the colony. Lax enforcement of the slave trade ban had resulted in a dramatic increase in imports of Africans, estimated at 90,000 slaves from 1856 to 1860. This occurred despite a stro ...
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Carlos Roloff
Karol Rolow-Miałowski or Carlos Roloff Mialofsky, better known simply as Carlos Roloff, (4 November 1842 – 17 May 1907) was a Polish-born Cuban general and liberation activist, who fought against Spain in the Ten Years' War and the Cuban War of Independence in the Las Villas Province. Early life and American Civil War Roloff was born in Warsaw on 4 November 1842 to a Polish family. He was the second of three children had by Karol Rolow and Loisa Miałowska, having an older brother and younger sister. As a child, his family moved to Königsberg, Kingdom of Prussia, where he learned German, business, and military strategy in school. After his father's death in 1862, he and his brother immigrated to the United States. They briefly stayed in New York before moving to Cincinnati, Ohio. Roloff served in the Union Army during the American Civil War in the 9th Ohio Infantry Regiment, working under the command of August Willich. He obtained the rank of captain before being discharged ...
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