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Telecommunications Rating
In telecommunications rating is the activity of determining the cost of a particular call. The rating process involves converting call-related data into a monetary-equivalent value. Call-related data is generated at various points in the network or measurements may be taken by third party equipment such as network probes. Generally this data is something quantifiable and specific. The usage data so gathered is then either packaged by the equipment or it may be sent to a charging gateway.etc. Rating systems typically use some or all of the following types of data about a call: * Time property of the call (day of week, date, time of day) * Amount of usage (Duration of call, amount of data, number of messages, number of songs) * Destination of the call (land line, overseas, etc.) * Origin of call/ Location of the caller (for mobile networks) * Premium charges (third party charges for premium content, cost of physical items such as movie tickets) Generally individual calls are rated a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Billing System
Billing may refer to: Invoicing *The process of sending an invoice (a bill) to customers for goods or services **Electronic billing **Medical billing, a payment practice within the United States health system **Telecommunications billing, systems and methods that collect information about calls and other services to be billed to the subscriber Places *Billing, Northamptonshire **Billing Aquadrome, a leisure park in Great Billing, Northamptonshire **Billing Hall, Northamptonshire *Mount Billing, a mountain in the Antarctic named for Graham Billing *Rawdon Billing, a hill in West Yorkshire Other uses *Billing (surname) *Billing (birds), a behavior in some birds involving touching and clasping each other's bills *Billing (performing arts), the display of credits for a creative work *Heinz Billing Prize, for the advancement of scientific computation See also *Billinge (other) *Billingr, in Norse mythology the father of a maiden desired by Odin *Billings (other) Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invoice
An invoice, bill or tab is a commerce, commercial document issued by a sales, seller to a buyer relating to a sale transaction and indicating the product (business), products, quantities, and agreed-upon prices for products or Service (economics), services the seller had provided the buyer. Discounts and allowances, Payment terms are usually stated on the invoice. These may specify that the buyer has a maximum number of days to pay and is sometimes offered a discount if paid before the due date. The buyer could have already paid for the products or services listed on the invoice. To avoid confusion and consequent unnecessary communications from buyer to seller, some sellers clearly state in large and capital letters on an invoice whether it has already been paid. From a seller's point of view, an invoice is a ''sales invoice''. From a buyer's point of view, an invoice is a ''purchase invoice''. The document indicates the buyer and seller, but the term ''invoice'' indicates mone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Call Detail Record
A call detail record (CDR) is a data record produced by a telephone exchange or other telecommunications equipment that documents the details of a telephone call or other telecommunications transactions (e.g., text message) that passes through that facility or device. The record contains various attributes of the call, such as time, duration, completion status, source number, and destination number. It is the automated equivalent of the paper toll tickets that were written and timed by operators for long-distance calls in a manual telephone exchange. CDR contents A call detail record contains data fields that describe a specific instance of a telecommunication transaction, but does not include the content of that transaction. By way of simplistic example, a call detail record describing a particular phone call might include the phone numbers of both the calling and receiving parties, the start time, and duration of that call. In actual modern practice, call detail records are m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control Table
Control tables are tables that control the control flow or play a major part in program control. There are no rigid rules about the structure or content of a control table—its qualifying attribute is its ability to direct control flow in some way through "execution" by a processor or interpreter. The design of such tables is sometimes referred to as table-driven design (although this typically refers to generating code automatically from external tables rather than direct run-time tables). In some cases, control tables can be specific implementations of finite-state-machine-based automata-based programming. If there are several hierarchical levels of control table they may behave in a manner equivalent to UML state machines Control tables often have the equivalent of conditional expressions or function references embedded in them, usually implied by their relative column position in the association list. Control tables reduce the need for programming similar structures or progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a family of wireless broadband communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards, which provide physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) options. The WiMAX Forum was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability, including the definition of system profiles for commercial vendors. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL". IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced was a candidate for 4G, in competition with the LTE Advanced standard. WiMAX was initially designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. WiMAX release 2.1, popularly branded as WiMAX 2+, is a backwards-compatible transition from previous WiMAX generations. It is compatible and interoperable with TD-LTE. Terminology WiM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daylight Saving Time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time or simply daylight time (United States, Canada, and Australia), and summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks (typically by one hour) during warmer months so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to set clocks forward by one hour in the spring ("spring forward"), and to set clocks back by one hour in the fall ("fall back") to return to standard time. As a result, there is one 23-hour day in early spring and one 25-hour day in the middle of autumn. The idea of aligning waking hours to daylight hours to conserve candles was first proposed in 1784 by U.S. polymath Benjamin Franklin. In a satirical letter to the editor of ''The Journal of Paris'', Franklin suggested that waking up earlier in the summer would economize on candle usage; and calculated considerable savings. In 1895, New Zealand entomologist and astronome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phone Fraud
Phone fraud, or more generally communications fraud, is the use of telecommunications products or services with the intention of illegally acquiring money from, or failing to pay, a Telephone company, telecommunication company or its customers. Many operators have increased measures to minimize fraud and reduce their losses. Communications operators tend to keep their actual loss figures and plans for corrective measures confidential. According to a 2011 survey by CFCA, an industry group created to reduce fraud against carriers, the five top fraud loss categories reported by operators were: * US$4.96 billion – compromised PBX/voicemail systems * $4.32 billion – subscription/identity theft * $3.84 billion – International Revenue Share Fraud * $2.88 billion – by-pass fraud * $2.40 billion – cash fraud Types of frauds Fraud against users by phone companies * ''Cramming (fraud), Cramming'' is the addition of charges to a subscriber's telephone bill for services which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test Call Generator
Test call generators (TCGs) are revenue assurance Revenue assurance (RA) telecommunication services, is the use of data quality and process improvement methods that improve profits, revenue In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services rela ... software that replicates events on a telecoms network to identify potential revenue leakage and to help achieve regulatory compliance. References Revenue assurance Quality Telecommunications economics {{telecomm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revenue Assurance
Revenue assurance (RA) telecommunication services, is the use of data quality and process improvement methods that improve profits, revenue In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of the business. Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover. Some companies receive reven ...s and cash flows without influencing demand. This was defined by a TM Forum working group based on research documented in its Revenue Assurance Technical Overview. References Business process management Telecommunications economics {{telecomm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications Billing
Telecommunications billing is the group of processes of communications service providers that are responsible to collect consumption data, calculate charging and billing information, produce bills to customers, process their payments and manage debt collection. A telecommunications billing system is an enterprise application software designed to support the telecommunications billing processes. Telecommunications billing is a significant component of any commercial communications service provider regardless specialization: telephone, mobile wireless communication, VoIP companies, mobile virtual network operators, internet service providers, transit traffic companies, cable television and satellite TV companies could not operate without billing, because it creates an economic value of their business. Telecommunications billing functions Billing functions can be grouped to three areas: operations, information management, financial management. In the broad sense, when ''billing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
