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Taylor Shorthand
The system of geometric shorthand published in Britain by Samuel Taylor in 1786, under the title ''An essay intended to establish a standard for an universal system of Stenography, or Short-hand writing'', was the first shorthand system to be used across the English-speaking world. Taylor shorthand uses an alphabet of 19 letters of simplified shape. His book was translated and published in France by Théodore-Pierre Bertin in 1792 under the title ''Système universel et complet de Stenographie ou Manière abrégée d'écrire applicable à tous les idiomes''. Principles Vowels are omitted except at the beginning and end of a word, where all vowels and diphthongs are written as a single dot. A single letter stands for both ''f'' and ''v'', one for ''s'' and ''z'', and another for ''g'' (either pronunciation) and ''j'', as well as additional letters for ''ch, sh, th''. The consonants are joined, as in cursive Latin script, apart from a couple of suffixes; when two of the same consona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Taylor Shorthand Plate XI
Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy's transition from Saul to David. He is venerated as a prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In addition to his role in the Hebrew scriptures, Samuel is mentioned in Jewish rabbinical literature, in the Christian New Testament, and in the second chapter of the Quran (although Islamic texts do not mention him by name). He is also treated in the fifth through seventh books of '' Antiquities of the Jews'', written by the Jewish scholar Josephus in the first century. He is first called "the Seer" in 1 Samuel 9:9. Biblical account Family Samuel's mother was Hannah and his father was Elkanah. Elkanah lived at Ramathaim in the district of Zuph. His gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shorthand
Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language. The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek ''stenos'' (narrow) and ''graphein'' (to write). It has also been called brachygraphy, from Greek ''brachys'' (short), and tachygraphy, from Greek ''tachys'' (swift, speedy), depending on whether compression or speed of writing is the goal. Many forms of shorthand exist. A typical shorthand system provides symbols or abbreviations for words and common phrases, which can allow someone well-trained in the system to write as quickly as people speak. Abbreviation methods are alphabet-based and use different abbreviating approaches. Many journalists use shorthand writing to quickly take notes at press conferences or other similar scenarios. In the computerized world, several autocomplete programs, standalone or integrated in text editors, based on w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Taylor (stenographer)
Samuel Taylor (1748/49 – 1811) was the British inventor of a widely used system of stenography. He began working on his own method of stenography in 1773, based on earlier efforts. In 1786, he published ''An Essay Intended to Establish a Standard for an Universal System of Stenography, or Short Hand Writing...'', the first shorthand system to be used all over the English-speaking world. His stenographic method consisted in cutting out the superfluous consonants as well as the vowels in polysyllabic words. It used an alphabet composed of 19 letters of simplified shapes. He taught stenography at Oxford as well as the universities of Scotland and Ireland for many years. His system was adopted for several other languages, including French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Swedish.Melin, 175-176. His book was translated and published in France by Théodore-Pierre Bertin in 1792 under the title ''Système universel et complet de Stenographie ou Manière abrégée d'écrire applicable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théodore-Pierre Bertin
Théodore-Pierre Bertin (2 November 1751 – 25 January 1819) was the author of fifty-odd works on various subjects, but is primarily remembered as the person responsible for adapting Samuel Taylor's shorthand to the French language and introducing modern shorthand to France. Born at Provins (Seine-et-Marne) to Louis Bertin, a parliamentary lawyer, and Louise Mitantier, Bertin taught English before travelling to London to work as a translator. He studied Taylor shorthand during his time in Britain and, on returning to Paris in 1791, translated into French Taylor's book ''An essay intended to establish a standard for a universal system of Stenography, or Short-hand writing'', publishing it in 1792 under the title ''Système universel et complet de Stenographie ou Manière abrégée d'écrire applicable à tous les idiomes'' (''A complete and universal system of stenography or an abbreviated manner of writing applicable to all languages''). In 1795, the French National Conven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silent E
In English orthography, many words feature a silent (single, final, non-syllabic ‘e’), most commonly at the end of a word or morpheme. Typically it represents a vowel sound that was formerly pronounced, but became silent in late Middle English or Early Modern English. In a large class of words, as a consequence of a series of historical sound changes, including the Great Vowel Shift, the presence of a suffix on the end of a word influenced the development of the preceding vowel, and in a smaller number of cases it affected the pronunciation of a preceding consonant. When the inflection disappeared in speech, but remained as a historical remnant in the spelling, this silent was reinterpreted synchronically as a marker of the surviving sounds. This can be seen in the vowels in word-pairs such as ''rid'' and ''ride'' , in which the presence of the final, unpronounced appears to alter the sound of the preceding . An example with consonants is the word-pair ''loath'' (loʊ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Syllabics
Canadian syllabic writing, or simply syllabics, is a family of writing systems used in a number of Indigenous Canadian languages of the Algonquian, Inuit, and (formerly) Athabaskan language families. These languages had no formal writing system previously. They are valued for their distinctiveness from the Latin script and for the ease with which literacy can be achieved; indeed, by the late 19th century the Cree had achieved what may have been one of the highest rates of literacy in the world. Syllabics are abugidas, where glyphs represent consonant-vowel pairs. They derive from the work of James Evans. Canadian syllabics are currently used to write all of the Cree languages from Naskapi (spoken in Quebec) to the Rocky Mountains, including Eastern Cree, Woods Cree, Swampy Cree and Plains Cree. They are also used to write Inuktitut in the eastern Canadian Arctic; there they are co-official with the Latin script in the territory of Nunavut. They are used regionally for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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