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Tardu
Tardu or Tardush Yabghu was the second yabgu of the Western Turkic Khaganate (c. 575–603), and ninth Qaghans of the Turkic khaganates, Khagan of the First Turkic Khaganate (599–603). He was the son of Istämi. Names The regnal name in Turkic was Tarduš ( otk, 𐱃𐰺𐰑𐰆𐱁), Medieval Greek: , , Pinyin: , Wade-Giles: , personal name: , , ). According to Lev Gumilev his personal name was Kara-Churin-Turk (Кара Чурин Тюрк).Lev Nikolayrviç Gumilev: ''Eski Türkler ''(trans. D.Ahsen Batur) Selenge yayınları, İstanbul, 2002 p. 140, 550 However, when he subjugated the eastern half after the death of Tulan Qaghan, he assumed the regnal name Bilge (Wise) Khagan. Background The Turkic Khaganate was a vast khaganate (empire); from Manchuria and the Great Wall of China to the Black sea. It was impossible to govern the whole khaganate from a certain capital. So while the eastern part was directly ruled by the ''khagan'' (emperor), the western part was govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Turkic Khaganate
The Western Turkic Khaganate () or Onoq Khaganate ( otk, 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, On oq budun, Ten arrow people) was a Turkic khaganate in Eurasia, formed as a result of the wars in the beginning of the 7th century (593–603 CE) after the split of the Turkic Khaganate (founded in the 6th century on the Mongolian Plateau by the Ashina clan) into a western and an eastern Khaganate. The whole confederation was called ''Onoq'', meaning "ten arrows". According to a Chinese source, the Western Turks were organized into ten divisions. The khaganate's capitals were Navekat (summer capital) and Suyab (principal capital), both situated in the Chui River valley of Kyrgyzstan, to the east of Bishkek. Tong Yabgu's summer capital was near Tashkent and his winter capital Suyab. The Western Turkic Khaganate was subjugated by the Tang dynasty in 657 and continued as its vassal until their collapse. History The first Turkic Khaganate was founded by Bumin in 552 on the Mongolian P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Turkic Khaganate
The First Turkic Khaganate, also referred to as the First Turkic Empire, the Turkic Khaganate or the Göktürk Khaganate, was a Turkic khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his brother Istämi. The First Turkic Khaganate succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the hegemonic power of the Mongolian Plateau and rapidly expanded their territories in Central Asia, and became the first Central Asian transcontinental empire from Manchuria to the Black Sea. Although the Göktürks spoke Old Turkic, the Khaganate's early official texts and coins were written in Sogdian. It was the first Turkic state to use the name ''Türk'' politically. Old Turkic script was invented at the first half of the 6th century. The Khaganate collapsed in 603, after a series of conflicts and civil wars which separated the polity into the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and Western Turkic Khaganate. The Tang Empire conquered the Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istämi
Istämi (or Dizabul or Ishtemi Sir Yabghu Khagan; ) was the ruler of the western part of the Göktürks, which became the Western Turkic Khaganate and dominated the Sogdians. He was the yabgu (vassal) of his brother Bumin Qaghan in 552 AD. He was posthumously referred to as khagan in Turkic sources. His son was Tardu. Activities During his rule Istami established diplomatic relations with the Persian and Byzantine Empires, defeated the Hepthalites, and acted as an elder statesman during the disintegration of the eastern half of the empire. We know a great deal about him from the diplomatic missions of the Byzantine Empire. Shortly after the smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Byzantine Empire from China by Nestorian Christian monks, the 6th-century Byzantine historian Menander Protector writes of how the Sogdians attempted to establish a direct trade of Chinese silk with the Byzantine Empire. After forming an alliance with the Sassanid ruler Khosrow I to defeat the Hephthalite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yami Qaghan
啓民可汗 , title=First Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate , image= , caption= , reign=603–609 , coronation= , full name= , successor=Shibi Qaghan , spouse=Princess Anyi (安义公主) Princess Yicheng (義成公主) , issue= , royal house= Ashina , father=Ishbara Qaghan , mother= , birth_date= , birth_place= , death_date=609 , predecessor=Tardu , birth_name=Ashina Rangan 阿史那染幹 , regnal name=意利珍豆啟民可汗 Yìlì Zhēndòu Qǐmín Kěhàn ''El Ïduk Jamï(r) Qağan'' , religion=Tengrism Yami Qaghan ( otk, 𐰖𐰢𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣 Jаmï qağan; Chinese: 啓民可汗, 啟民可汗/启民可汗; Pinyin: Qǐmín Kěhàn, Wade-Giles: Ch'i-min K'o-han, Middle Chinese ( Guangyun): ), personal name Ahisna Rangan (阿史那染幹/阿史那染干, pinyin Āshǐnà rǎngān; Wade-Giles A-shih-na jan-kan, ), at one point known as Tolis Qaghan (突利可汗, otk, 𐱅𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰴𐰍𐰣, label=none, Töles qaγan) and later El Ïduk Jamï(r) Qağan ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Külüg Sibir
Külüg Sibir or Baghatur Khagan (r. 630) was a ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate (empire) in the 7th century. He was probably Tardu's son and the governor of the northern provinces of the empire during the reigns of his nephews. (''see'' Göktürk family tree) Background The Western Turkic Khaganate in present-day Turkestan was founded as the result of the partition of the main empire after the death of Tardu in 603. It was also called ''On Ok'' ("Ten arrows") referring to ten powerful tribes in the empire. Five tribes (so-called Dulo) to the northeast and five tribes to the southwest (so-called Nushibi) formed the two rival factions, the border line being Ili River. Revolt In 630, the Dulo clan of tribes together with the Karluks revolted against Tong Yabgu Khagan, the most successful ruler of the empire. Tong was supported by the rival Nushibi faction. Külüg Sibir murdered Tong (who was his nephew) and declared himself as the khagan with the support of the Dulo clan. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulan Qaghan
Tulan Qaghan (Chinese: 都蘭可汗/都兰可汗, Pinyin: dōulán kěhàn, Wade-Giles: tu-lan k'o-han, Middle Chinese ( Guangyun): , personal name: 阿史那雍虞閭/阿史那雍虞闾, āshǐnà yōngyúlǘ, a-shih-na yung-yü-lü) was the son of Ishbara Qaghan and the seventh qaghan (Khaqan) of the Turkic Khaganate. Reign In 593 he collected enough power to stop paying taxes to Emperor Wendi. Secretly, Princess Qianjin plotted with khagan's rival Tuli (who claimed to throne in 593) to attack the Sui Empire when her husband refused. This plot was exposed by Chang sun-sheng, a spy of the Sui Empire. He combined his forces with Tardu in 599 and launched invasion on Sui, however he was assassinated by his own men in 599. Family He married his father's wife, Northern Zhou's Princess Qianjin, now known under the Sui Dynasty title Princess Dayi. Her new name was given to her by the Sui Emperor Wendi in order to create a marriage alliance with the Turks Turk or Turks may refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishbara Qaghan
Ishbara Qaghan ( otk, 𐰃𐱁𐰉𐰺𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣, Ïšbara qaγan, Chinese 沙缽略可汗/沙钵略可汗, Pinyin: ''shābōlüè kěhàn'', Wade-Giles: ''sha-po-lüeh k'o-han'') or Erfu Kehan (Chinese: 爾伏可汗; Middle Chinese: ''ńźie-b'i̪uk'' < ''Ñebuk''/''Ñevuk'' or ''ńźie-b'uât'' < ''Ñebar''/''Ñevar''; Sogdian: ''nw’’r γ’γ’n''); personal name: : 阿史那攝圖/阿史那摄图, ''Āshǐnà Shètú''/''Niètú''; Wade-Giles ''A-shih-na she-t'u''/''nie-t'u'') (before 540 – 587) was the first son of |
Niri Qaghan
Niri Qaghan (; Sogdian: ''nry x’γ’n'', Ruanruan: ''nı̣rı̣ kagan'') was a ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Reign According to Baumer he ruled from 579 to circa 602/03. Baumer notes that the better-documented Tardu ruled from 575 to 603. According to de La Vaissere, the unnamed Turkic ruler who was in correspondence with Emperor Maurice was Niri. Family He was the grandson of Muqan Qaghan. His Chinese wife Lady Xiang (向氏) was married to his brother Poshi Tegin (婆實特勤) after his death and submitted to the Tang during end of the Kaiyuan era. However, his exact death date remains problematic. According to Chavannes, he died in 603 in a battle during rebellion. Osawa on the other hand, states he died in 599. He was survived by his son Heshana Khagan. Legacy His memorial complex and statue was found in 2003 by Osawa Takashi in Xinjiang. He founded a Buddhist temple in Romitan Romitan ( uz, Romitan/Ромитан, russian: Ромитан) is a city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashina Anluo
Ashina Anluo ( Sogdian: ''wmn’ x’γ’n'', trad. 阿史那庵邏 ;simp. 阿史那庵逻) was the fifth ruler of the Turkic Khaganate. in the sixth century. His regnal title is not recorded in Chinese sources. Reign Although he was enthroned after his father's death in 581, soon his cousin Talopien ( Mukan Khagan's son) rebelled claiming that Taspar willed the title to him. Another cousin Shetu ( Issik Khagan's son) however supported Amrak. Amrak, being the least powerful of the three abandoned and renounced his title in favor of Shetu. In turn Shetu (regnal title Ishbara) declared him a lesser khagan in Tuul River valley (now in Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...).(''See'' Göktürk civil war) Gümilev: ''Eski Türkler'',(Trans:Ahsen Batur), Selenge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic, Mongolic and some other languages, equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The female equivalent is Khatun. It may also be translated as " Khan of Khans", equivalent to King of Kings. In Bulgarian, the title became known as ''Khan'', while in modern Turkic, the title became ''Khaan'' with the ''g'' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent; the ''ğ'' in modern Turkish ''Kağan'' is also silent. Since the division of the Mongol Empire, monarchs of the Yuan dynasty and the Northern Yuan held the title of ''Khagan''. ''Kağan, Hakan'' and ''Kaan'', Turkish equivalents of the title are common Turkish names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apa Qaghan
Apa Qaghan (Chinese: 阿波可汗, Chinese: Pinyin: ābō kěhàn, Wade-Giles: a-po k'o-han, Middle Chinese: ( Guangyun) , personal name: 大邏便/大逻便, dàluóbiàn, ta-lo-pien, reigned: 581–587) was son of Muqan Qaghan, declared himself qaghan of the Turkic Khaganate. His claim of power came with the will of Taspar. He did not accept Ishbara Qaghan as rightful emperor, leading to Gokturk Civil War. Life He allied himself with Tardu and Tamgan Tumgan (also known as Turkshad, Turxanthos or Turksanf) was a shad (governor prince) of the Turkic Empire (also called Göktürk) in the late 6th century. According to Edward Gibbon his name may be a title rather than a proper name. Background In ... - sons of Istemi. However he soon lost most major battles and retreated to Bukhara. He died soon in 587. Succeeded by his younger brother, Yangsu Tegin. References Göktürk rulers Ashina house of the Turkic Empire {{CAsia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yabgu
Yabghu ( otk, 𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆, yabγu,Entrabγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆_[yabγuйабғұ"in_"Ethno-Cultural_Dictionary"_''Türik_Bitig''_),_also_rendered_as_Jabgu,_Djabgu_or_Yabgu,_was_a_state_office_in_the_early_Turkic_peoples.html" ;"title="abγuйабғұ".html" ;"title="abγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"">abγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"in "Ethno-Cultural Dictionary" ''Türik Bitig'' ), also rendered as Jabgu, Djabgu or Yabgu, was a state office in the early Turkic peoples">Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy. The title carried autonomy in different degrees, and its links with the central authority of Khagan varied from economical and political subordination to superficial political deference. The title had also been borne by Turkic princes in the upper Oxus region in post- Hephthalite times. The position of Yabgu was traditionally given to the second highest member of a ruling clan (Ashina), with the first member being the Kagan himself. Frequently, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
