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Taoist Schools
Taoism is a East Asian religion founded in ancient China with many schools or denominations, of which none occupies a position of orthodoxy and co-existed peacefully. Taoist branches usually build their identity around a set of scriptures, that are manuals of ritual practices. Scriptures are considered "breathwork", that is "configurations of energy" ('' qi''), embodiments of "celestial patterns" (''tianwen''), or "revelations of structures" (''li''). The earliest Taoist schools emerged during the late Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 CE). They blossomed especially in the region of Shu, modern-day Sichuan. From the 12th and 13th centuries onwards several smaller branches merged into larger ones, but in turn, side-schools developed around the large traditions. In modern times the existing schools tend to be classified under few overarching headings, in most cases under two main denominations: Quanzhen Taoism and Zhengyi Taoism. Chronology of major schools Eastern Han period (25–2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taishan
__NOTOC__ Taishan may refer to: *Mount Tai or Taishan (), Shandong, China *Taishan District, Tai'an (), named after the Mount Tai, a district in Tai'an, Shandong, China *Taishan, Guangdong (), a county-level city of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China **Greater Taishan Region (), a region in Guangdong consisting of the cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Jiangmen, Enping and Heshan **Taishan railway station (Guangdong) () **Taishan Nuclear Power Plant () in Taishan, Guangdong province, China *Taishan District, New Taipei (), a district in New Taipei, Taiwan Subdistricts in China *Taishan Subdistrict, Nanjing (), in Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu * Taishan Subdistrict, Xuzhou (), in Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu * Taishan Subdistrict, Jilin City (), in Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province Towns in China *Taishan, Henan (), in Huojia County, Henan * Taishan, Baicheng (), in Da'an, Jilin Townships in China * Taishan Township, Gansu (), in Liangdang County, Gansu * Taishan Towns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Way Of The Taiping
The Way of the Taiping, also known as the Way of the Great Peace, was a Chinese Taoist movement founded by Zhang Jue during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Its adherents all around China participated in the Yellow Turban Rebellion of 184, with the rebellion being suppressed within the same year by the Eastern Han government. The religious movement was greatly reduced and died soon afterwards. The Way of the Taiping was one of the two largest movements within early Taoism, with the other being the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, the movement was recorded to have been popular in eight Provinces: Qing Province, Xu Province, You Province, Ji Province, Jing Province, Yang Province, Yan Province, and Yu Province.。 Origins The Way of the Taiping originated in the reign of Emperor Shun of Han of the Eastern Han Dynasty (126-144). A Fangshi named ''Gan Ji'' (Some later histories referred to him as Yu Ji) claimed that he received a divine book called the ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waidan
, translated as 'external alchemy' or 'external elixir', is the early branch of Chinese alchemy that focuses upon compounding elixirs of immortality by heating minerals, metals, and other natural substances in a luted crucible. The later branch of esoteric ''neidan'' 'inner alchemy', which borrowed doctrines and vocabulary from exoteric , is based on allegorically producing elixirs within the practitioner's body, through Daoist meditation, diet, and physiological practices. The practice of external alchemy originated in the early Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), grew in popularity until the Tang (618–907) when began and several emperors died from alchemical elixir poisoning, and gradually declined until the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Terminology The Chinese compound combines the common word 'outside; exterior; external' with 'cinnabar; vermillion; elixir; alchemy'. The antonym of is meaning 'inside; inner; internal', and the term 'external elixir/alchemy' was co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neidan
Neidan, or internal alchemy (), is an array of esoteric doctrines and physical, mental, and spiritual practices that Taoist initiates use to prolong life and create an immortal spiritual body that would survive after death. Also known as Jindan ( "golden elixir"), inner alchemy combines theories derived from external alchemy (''waidan'' ), correlative cosmology (including the Five Phases), the emblems of the ''Yijing'', and medical theory, with techniques of Taoist meditation, daoyin gymnastics, and sexual hygiene. In Neidan the human body becomes a cauldron (or "ding") in which the Three Treasures of Jing ("Essence"), Qi ("Breath") and Shen ("Spirit") are cultivated for the purpose of improving physical, emotional and mental health, and ultimately returning to the primordial unity of the Tao, i.e., attaining Taoist Immortality. It is believed the '' Xiuzhen Tu'' is such a cultivation map. In China, it is an important form of practice for most schools of Taoism. Terminolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faism
Chinese ritual mastery traditions, also referred to as ritual teachings (, sometimes rendered as "Faism"),Yu-chi Tsao, 2012. or Folk Taoism (), or also Red Taoism (mostly in east China and Taiwan), constitute a large group of Chinese orders of ritual officers who operate within the Chinese folk religion but outside the institutions of official Taoism.Pas, 2014. p. 259 The "masters of rites", the ''fashi'' (), are also known in east China as ''hongtou daoshi'' (), meaning "redhead" or "redhat" ''daoshi'' ("masters of the Tao"), contrasting with the ''wutou daoshi'' (), "blackhead" or "blackhat" priests, of Zhengyi Taoism who were historically ordained by the Celestial Master. Zhengyi Taoism and Faism are often grouped together under the category of "''daoshi'' and ''fashi'' ritual traditions" (). Although the two types of priests have the same roles in Chinese society—in that they can marry and they perform rituals for communities' temples or private homes—Zhengyi ''daoshi'' e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longmen Taoism
The Dragon Gate sect ( 龍門派 Lóngmén pài) of the Complete Reality School ( 全真派 Quánzhēn pài) of Taoism incorporates elements of Buddhism and Confucianism into a comprehensive form of Taoism. Complete Reality Taoism is generally divided into two main traditions, Southern and Northern. The Dragon Gate sect is an offshoot of the Northern school. Its spiritual descent is traced to the thirteenth-century master Qiu Chang-chun, who was one of the original seven disciples of Wang Chongyang. Chang-chun means "Eternal Spring". Genghis Khan appointed Chang-chun overseer of all religions in China, and the Dragon Gate sect thus played a critical role in the conservation of the Han Chinese culture. Dragon Gate priests The 7th generation Dragon Gate priest and abbot of White Cloud Monastery in Beijing, Wang Changyue (王常月, could be considered the renaisseur of Dragon Gate Taoism. He authored the Dragon Gate's Core Teachings (龙门心法), the Altar Scripture of the Jasp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Way Of The Li Family
''Lijia Dao'' (李家道, Way of the Li Family) was one of the oldest schools of religious Daoism and was popular throughout South China during the Six Dynasties (220-589). Since several Way of the Li Family practices resembled those of the Way of the Celestial Masters, such as healing with ( ''fu'') amulets and holding expensive ''chu'' "Kitchen" feasts, the sect is associated with the Southern Celestial Masters. Mainstream Daoist schools denounced the Way of the Li Family as heterodox, particularly for its charlatan healers who claimed extraordinary longevity. For instance, Li Tuo (李脫) or Li Babai (李八百, "Li Eight-Hundred Years-Old) and his disciple Li Hong (李弘) were executed in 324 for practicing sorcery and plotting rebellion. Names The name ''Lijia dao'' (李家道) is a compound of three Chinese words: # ''Lǐ'' ( 李), lit. "plum, ''Prunus salicina''"), a common Chinese surname; # ''jiā'' ( 家), "residence, home; household, family; school of thought, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lijia Taoism
''Lijia Dao'' (李家道, Way of the Li Family) was one of the oldest schools of religious Daoism and was popular throughout South China during the Six Dynasties (220-589). Since several Way of the Li Family practices resembled those of the Way of the Celestial Masters, such as healing with ( ''fu'') amulets and holding expensive ''chu'' "Kitchen" feasts, the sect is associated with the Southern Celestial Masters. Mainstream Daoist schools denounced the Way of the Li Family as heterodox, particularly for its charlatan healers who claimed extraordinary longevity. For instance, Li Tuo (李脫) or Li Babai (李八百, "Li Eight-Hundred Years-Old) and his disciple Li Hong (李弘) were executed in 324 for practicing sorcery and plotting rebellion. Names The name ''Lijia dao'' (李家道) is a compound of three Chinese words: # ''Lǐ'' ( 李), lit. "plum, ''Prunus salicina''"), a common Chinese surname; # ''jiā'' ( 家), "residence, home; household, family; school of thought, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuliu Taoism
Wu-liu pai (), or Wu-liu fa pai (), also known as Xianfo () — a school of Taoism with main focus on internal alchemy (neidan). Main principles The school's doctrine is related in the works of the school's founders: "Common Teachings of Immortals and Buddhas" and "True Principles of Heavenly Immortality" by Wu Chongxu; and also in "Book of Understanding Life" and "Confirmatory Teachings of Golden Immortals" by Liu Huayang. The school puts its main emphasis on the practice of internal alchemy, in order to realise Tao, thus achieving a status of "an immortal and a buddha". A distinctive trait of the school is its postulated identity of Taoist principles with those of early Chan Buddhism. As E. A. Torchinov noted in the foreword to his translation of Zhang Bo-duan's "Chapters of Understanding Life", "With time the immortals came to be regarded as taoist counterparts of Buddhas, which have led to creation of syncretical schools (albeit dominated by Taoism) of Immortals and Buddhas ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties in northern China. After retreating to southern China, the Song was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The dynasty is divided into two periods: Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song (; 960–1127), the capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (; 1127–1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in the Jin–Song Wars. At that time, the Song court retreated south of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)
The Jin dynasty (, ; ) or Jin State (; Jurchen: Anchun Gurun), officially known as the Great Jin (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234. Its name is sometimes written as Kin, Jurchen Jin, Jinn, or Chin in English to differentiate it from an earlier Jìn dynasty whose name is rendered identically in Hanyu Pinyin without the tone marking. It is also sometimes called the "Jurchen dynasty" or the "Jurchen Jin", because members of the ruling Wanyan clan were of Jurchen descent. The Jin emerged from Wanyan Aguda's rebellion against the Liao dynasty (916–1125), which held sway over northern China until the nascent Jin drove the Liao to the Western Regions, where they became known in historiography as the Western Liao. After vanquishing the Liao, the Jin launched a century-long campaign against the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279), which was based in southern China. Over the course of their rule, the ethnic Jurchen emperors of the Jin dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lingbao Taoism
The Lingbao School (), also known as the School of the Sacred Jewel or the School of Numinous Treasure, was an important Taoist School that emerged in China in between the Jin dynasty and the Liu Song dynasty in the early fifth century CE. It lasted for about two hundred years until it was absorbed into the Shangqing School and Zhengyi School currents during the Tang dynasty. The Lingbao School is a synthesis of religious ideas based on Shangqing texts, the rituals of the Celestial Masters, and Buddhist practices. The Lingbao School adopted many concepts from Buddhism, including the concept of rebirth, and also some cosmological elements. Although rebirth was an important concept in the Lingbao School, the earlier Taoist belief in attaining immortality remained. The school's pantheon is similar to Shangqing and Celestial Master Taoism, with one of its most important deities being the deified form of Laozi. Other deities also existed, some of whom were in charge of preparing spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
