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Tanzania Minutus
''Tanzania minutus'' is a species of jumping spider in the genus ''Tanzania'' that lives in South Africa and Tanzania. First described in 2000 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith, it is a very small spider, which is recalled in its species name, a Latin word meaning small, with a carapace typically long and an abdomen between 0.8 and long. The spider is generally yellow with a brown patch in the middle of the carapace and a narrow stripe running down the top of the abdomen apart from the black eye field. The spider's legs are also yellow with black patches. Its pedipalps are orange and its spinnerets are darker, nearly black. The male has distinctive copulatory organs with a very short coiled embolus. The female has not been described. Taxonomy and etymology ''Tanzania minutus'' is a species of jumping spider, a member of the family Salticidae, that was first described by the arachnologists Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2000. It was one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wanda Wesołowska
Wanda Wesołowska (born 11 August 1950) is a Polish zoologist known for her work with jumping spiders. She has described more species of jumping spider than any contemporary writer, and is second only to Eugène Simon in the history of arachnology. Originally a student of ornithology, she developed an interest in jumping spiders while still a student at the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in the 1970s. She subsequently undertook study into the genus ''Heliophanus'' at the University of Wroclaw. Her subsequent doctoral thesis described 44 new species, and joined the staff at the university. She stayed until retiring in 2020. Her research included the taxonomy and zoogeography of jumping spiders, and has included extensive work on African genera like ''Menemerus'' and ''Pachyballus''. She has identified over 500 species, including half of all those from South Africa, as well as having more than 20 named after her. Early life Wanda Wesołowska (née Nowysz) was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnology
Arachnology is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone ( order Araneae) is known as araneology. The word "arachnology" derives from Greek , ''arachnē'', "spider"; and , ''-logia'', "the study of a particular subject". Arachnology as a science Arachnologists are primarily responsible for classifying arachnids and studying aspects of their biology. In the popular imagination, they are sometimes referred to as spider experts. Disciplines within arachnology include naming species and determining their evolutionary relationships to one another (taxonomy and systematics), studying how they interact with other members of their species and/or their environment (behavioural ecology), or how they are distributed in different regions and habitats (faunistics). Other arachnologists perform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalothorax
The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. (The terms ''prosoma'' and ''opisthosoma'' are equivalent to ''cephalothorax'' and ''abdomen'' in some groups.) The word ''cephalothorax'' is derived from the Greek words for head (, ') and thorax (, '). This fusion of the head and thorax is seen in chelicerates and crustaceans; in other groups, such as the Hexapoda (including insects), the head remains free of the thorax. In horseshoe crabs and many crustaceans, a hard shell called the carapace covers the cephalothorax. Arachnid anatomy Fovea The fovea is the centre of the cephalothorax and is located behind the head (only in spiders).Dalton, Steve (2008). ''Spiders; The Ultimate Predators''. A & C Black, London. P.p. 19. . It is often important in identification. It can be transverse or procurved Smith, A. M. (1990c). Baboon spiders: Tarantulas of Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Prószyński
Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities and the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Biography In 1957 he completed his biological studies at the University of Warsaw. During his studies he was employed at the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, where he conducted research on spiders in the Kampinos Forest. Between 1963 and 1967 he lectured on zoology at the University of Ghana. In 1966 he obtained his Ph.D. at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. A year later he was given the opportunity to pursue a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University, but he was refused a passport. In 1972 he was employed at the Higher School of Education in Siedlce (later the Siedlce University of Natural Scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thyenula
''Thyenula'' is a genus of African Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1902. Species it contains twenty-four species, found only in Africa: *''Thyenula alotama'' Wanda Wesołowska, Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula ammonis'' Denis, 1947 – Egypt *''Thyenula arcana'' (Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008) – Zimbabwe *''Thyenula armata'' Wesolowska, 2001 – South Africa, Lesotho *''Thyenula aurantiaca'' (Simon, 1902) – South Africa *''Thyenula cheliceroides'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula clarosignata'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula dentatidens'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula fidelis'' Wesolowska & Haddad, 2009 – South Africa *''Thyenula haddadi'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula juvenca'' Simon, 1902 (Type_species, type) – So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talavera (spider)
''Talavera'' is a genus of very small jumping spiders that was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1909. They average about in length, and are very similar to each other. In particular, the Central European species are difficult to distinguish, even when their genital features are studied under a microscope. The name refers to Talavera, a region of Spain where many have been found. Species it contains sixteen species and one subspecies, found in Europe, Asia, the United States, and Canada: *'' Talavera aequipes'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, China, Japan **'' Talavera a. ludio'' ( Simon, 1871) – France (Corsica) *'' Talavera aperta'' (Miller, 1971) – Europe to Central Asia *'' Talavera esyunini'' Logunov, 1992 – Sweden, Finland, Russia (Europe to South Siberia) *'' Talavera ikedai'' Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003 – Korea, Japan *'' Talavera inopinata'' Wunderlich, 1993 – France, L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euophrys
''Euophrys'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1834. The small black ''E. omnisuperstes'' lives on Mount Everest at elevations up to 6,700 meters, possibly making it the most elevated animal in the world. Species it contains 108 species and one subspecies, found in Oceania, North America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Central America, South America, and on the Windward Islands: *'' E. acripes'' ( Simon, 1871) – France (Corsica) *'' E. alabardata'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Ethiopia *'' E. albimana'' Denis, 1937 – Algeria *'' E. albopatella'' Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar *'' E. altera'' (Simon, 1868) – Spain *'' E. alticola'' Denis, 1955 – France, Spain *'' E. arenaria'' (Urquhart, 1888) – New Zealand *'' E. astuta'' (Simon, 1871) – Morocco *'' E. auricolor'' Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan *'' E. baliola'' (Simon, 1871) – France (Corsica) *'' E. banksi'' Roewer, 1951 – Mexico *'' E. bifida'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade (biology)
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxonomic ranks from genus upwards are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Classification
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a ''type'', which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently regulated by the '' International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'' (''PhyloCode''). Definitions Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. These groups can equivalently be called monophyletic. There are slightly different ways of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below. Once the ancestor is specified, the meaning of the name is fixed: the ancestor and all organisms which are its descendants are included in the named taxon. Listing all these organisms (i.e. providing a full circumscription) requires the full phylogenetic tree to be known. In practice, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum. His research concerns the phylogeny, biodiversity, and evolution of jumping spiders (Salticidae), of which he has discovered new species and genera. He has also done research in phylogenetic theory, developing and perfecting various methods used in comparative biology, such as character state inference in internal nodes through Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics), maximum parsimony, squared-change parsimony, or character correlation through the concentrated changes test or pairwise comparisons. In collaboration with David R. Maddison, he worked on thMesquiteopen-source phylogeny software, thMacCladeprogram, and the Tree of Life Web Project. His research has led him to discover new species of jumping spiders in Sarawak and Papua New Guinea. Selected pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Distribution
Species distribution —or species dispersion — is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density. Range In biology, the range of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range, distribution is the general structure of the species population, while dispersion is the variation in its population density. Range is often described with the following qualities: * Sometimes a distinction is made betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
