Tanzania Pusillus
''Tanzania pusillus'' is a species of jumping spider in the genus ''Tanzania'' that lives in the country Tanzania. First described in 2000 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith, the species was originally known as ''Lilliput pusillus'' but was renamed in 2008. it is a very small spider, which is recalled in its species name, a Latin word meaning diminutive, with a carapace and abdomen between long. The spider is generally yellow apart from the dark brown eye field and grey top to its abdomen. The spider's legs are also yellow with black rings around their different segments. Its pedipalps are yellow and spinnerets are grey.The male has distinctive copulatory organs with a distinctive embolus that is shaped like a corkscrew. The female has not been described. Taxonomy and etymology ''Tanzania pusillus'' is a species of jumping spider, a member of the family Salticidae, that was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2000. It was one ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Wanda Wesołowska
Wanda Wesołowska (born 11 August 1950) is a Polish zoologist known for her work with jumping spiders. She has described more species of jumping spider than any contemporary writer, and is second only to Eugène Simon in the history of arachnology. Originally a student of ornithology, she developed an interest in jumping spiders while still a student at the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in the 1970s. She subsequently undertook study into the genus ''Heliophanus'' at the University of Wroclaw. Her subsequent doctoral thesis described 44 new species, and joined the staff at the university. She stayed until retiring in 2020. Her research included the taxonomy and zoogeography of jumping spiders, and has included extensive work on African genera like ''Menemerus'' and ''Pachyballus''. She has identified over 500 species, including half of all those from South Africa, as well as having more than 20 named after her. Early life Wanda Wesołowska (née Nowysz) was ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Salticidae
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large. Distinguishing characteristics Jumping spiders are among the easiest to distinguish from similar spider families because of the shape of the cephalothorax and their eye pa ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Jerzy Prószyński
Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities and the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Biography In 1957 he completed his biological studies at the University of Warsaw. During his studies he was employed at the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, where he conducted research on spiders in the Kampinos Forest. Between 1963 and 1967 he lectured on zoology at the University of Ghana. In 1966 he obtained his Ph.D. at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. A year later he was given the opportunity to pursue a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University, but he was refused a passport. In 1972 he was employed at the Higher School of Education in Siedlce (later the Siedlce University of Natural Scien ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Thyenula
''Thyenula'' is a genus of African Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1902. Species it contains twenty-four species, found only in Africa: *''Thyenula alotama'' Wanda Wesołowska, Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula ammonis'' Denis, 1947 – Egypt *''Thyenula arcana'' (Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008) – Zimbabwe *''Thyenula armata'' Wesolowska, 2001 – South Africa, Lesotho *''Thyenula aurantiaca'' (Simon, 1902) – South Africa *''Thyenula cheliceroides'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula clarosignata'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula dentatidens'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula fidelis'' Wesolowska & Haddad, 2009 – South Africa *''Thyenula haddadi'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 – South Africa *''Thyenula juvenca'' Simon, 1902 (Type_species, type) – So ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Clade (biology)
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organis ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxonomic ranks from genus upwards are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Phylogenetic Classification
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a ''type'', which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently regulated by the '' International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'' (''PhyloCode''). Definitions Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. These groups can equivalently be called monophyletic. There are slightly different ways of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below. Once the ancestor is specified, the meaning of the name is fixed: the ancestor and all organisms which are its descendants are included in the named taxon. Listing all these organisms (i.e. providing a full circumscription) requires the full phylogenetic tree to be known. In practice, th ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum. His research concerns the phylogeny, biodiversity, and evolution of jumping spiders (Salticidae), of which he has discovered new species and genera. He has also done research in phylogenetic theory, developing and perfecting various methods used in comparative biology, such as character state inference in internal nodes through Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics), maximum parsimony, squared-change parsimony, or character correlation through the concentrated changes test or pairwise comparisons. In collaboration with David R. Maddison, he worked on thMesquiteopen-source phylogeny software, thMacCladeprogram, and the Tree of Life Web Project. His research has led him to discover new species of jumping spiders in Sarawak and Papua New Guinea. Selected pu ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Talavera (spider)
''Talavera'' is a genus of very small jumping spiders that was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1909. They average about in length, and are very similar to each other. In particular, the Central European species are difficult to distinguish, even when their genital features are studied under a microscope. The name refers to Talavera, a region of Spain where many have been found. Species it contains sixteen species and one subspecies, found in Europe, Asia, the United States, and Canada: *'' Talavera aequipes'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, China, Japan **'' Talavera a. ludio'' ( Simon, 1871) – France (Corsica) *'' Talavera aperta'' (Miller, 1971) – Europe to Central Asia *'' Talavera esyunini'' Logunov, 1992 – Sweden, Finland, Russia (Europe to South Siberia) *'' Talavera ikedai'' Logunov & Kronestedt, 2003 – Korea, Japan *'' Talavera inopinata'' Wunderlich, 1993 – France, L ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Euophrys
''Euophrys'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1834. The small black ''E. omnisuperstes'' lives on Mount Everest at elevations up to 6,700 meters, possibly making it the most elevated animal in the world. Species it contains 108 species and one subspecies, found in Oceania, North America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Central America, South America, and on the Windward Islands: *'' E. acripes'' ( Simon, 1871) – France (Corsica) *'' E. alabardata'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Ethiopia *'' E. albimana'' Denis, 1937 – Algeria *'' E. albopatella'' Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar *'' E. altera'' (Simon, 1868) – Spain *'' E. alticola'' Denis, 1955 – France, Spain *'' E. arenaria'' (Urquhart, 1888) – New Zealand *'' E. astuta'' (Simon, 1871) – Morocco *'' E. auricolor'' Dyal, 1935 – Pakistan *'' E. baliola'' (Simon, 1871) – France (Corsica) *'' E. banksi'' Roewer, 1951 – Mexico *'' E. bifida'' Wesolowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Species Distribution
Species distribution —or species dispersion — is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density. Range In biology, the range of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range, distribution is the general structure of the species population, while dispersion is the variation in its population density. Range is often described with the following qualities: * Sometimes a distinction is made betw ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal life-forms; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ladybugs) eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops. Beetles typically have a particularly hard e ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |