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Tanja Rig
Tanja sail (Malay: ''layar tanjak'') or tanja rig is a type of sail commonly used by the Austronesian people, particularly in Maritime Southeast Asia. It is also known as the tilted square sail, canted rectangular sail, rectangular balance lug, or balance lug sail in English.Needham, Joseph (1971). ''Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part III: Civil Engineering and Nautics''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In historical sources, tanja sail is sometimes incorrectly referred to as lateen sail or simply square sail. Etymology Also called tanjaq, tanjak, tanja', tanjong, or tanjung sail. The Mandar people call it ''sombal tanjaq'' because when the wind blows the lower part of the sail (''peloang'') would "''mattanjaq''" (lit. "kick"). In colonial British records, it is sometimes written as "lyre ''tanjong''", a misspelling of ''layar tanjong'' (''layar'' means "sail" in Malay; ''layag'' in Philippine languages). Origin There a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranun Lanong Warship By Rafael Monleón (1890)
The Iranun are a Moro ethnic group native to Mindanao, Philippines (in Maguindanao del Norte: Barira, Buldon, Parang, Matanog, Sultan Mastura, and Sultan Kudarat; North Cotabato: Alamada, Banisilan, Carmen, Libungan, and Pigcawayan; Lanao del Norte: Kauswagan and Kolambugan; Lanao del Sur: Balabagan, Bumbaran, and Picong; Bukidnon: Kalilangan; Zamboanga del Sur: Pagadian City, San Pablo, Dumalinao, Dimataling and Tukuran) (the west coast of Sabah, Malaysia (in which they are found in 25 villages around the Kota Belud and Lahad Datu districts; also in Kudat and Likas, Kota Kinabalu but there are also Iranun communities in other parts of Malaysia ), There are Iranun communities in Indonesia especially Riau Islands, Sumatra, Kalimantan whom adopted the Melayu Timur identity and language but still used the Iranun at the same time. Origins The origin of the name "Iranun" remains contested. The "Iranun" ( archaic "Iranaoan") may have been the original endonym of the ancestral gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lug Sail
The lug sail, or lugsail, is a fore-and-aft, four-cornered sail that is suspended from a spar, called a yard. When raised, the sail area overlaps the mast. For "standing lug" rigs, the sail may remain on the same side of the mast on both the port and starboard tacks. For "dipping lug" rigs, the sail is lowered partially or totally to be brought around to the leeward side of the mast in order to optimize the efficiency of the sail on both tacks. The lug sail is evolved from the square sail to improve how close the vessel can sail into the wind. Square sails, on the other hand, are symmetrically mounted in front of the mast and are manually angled to catch the wind on opposite tacks. Since it is difficult to orient square sails fore and aft or to tension their leading edges ( luffs), they are not as efficient upwind, compared with lug sails. The lug rig differs from the gaff rig, also fore-and-aft, whose sail is instead attached at the luff to the mast and is suspended from a spar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karakoa
''Karakoa'' were large outrigger warships from the Philippines. They were used by native Filipinos, notably the Kapampangans and the Visayans, during seasonal sea raids. ''Karakoa'' were distinct from other traditional Philippine sailing vessels in that they were equipped with platforms for transporting warriors and for fighting at sea. During peacetime, they were also used as trading ships. Large ''karakoa'', which could carry hundreds of rowers and warriors, were known as ''joangas'' (also spelled '' juangas'') by the Spanish. Panday Piray of Pampanga, Philippines was also known for forging heavy bronze lantaka to be mounted on Lakan's (Naval Chief/Commander) ships called 'caracoas' doing battle against the Spanish invaders and cannons were also commissioned by Rajah Sulayman for the fortification of Maynila. By the end of the 16th century, the Spanish denounced ''karakoa'' ship-building and its usage. It later led to a total ban of the ship and the traditions assigned to it. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakap (boat)
Kakap is a narrow river or coastal boat used for fishing in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. They are also sometimes used as auxiliary vessels to larger warships for piracy and coastal raids. Etymology The name "''kakap''" comes from Malay word meaning "spy", "scout", "lookout". Thus, the name means "type of boat used for scouting". Description Kakap resemble pangajava but are smaller and lighter. It also uses a mast and rectangular ''tanja'' sail. The boards and planks on the hull are not nailed with iron nail, but are attached using a wooden dowel technique and reinforced with rattan bonds. Larger kakap is able to reach eight meters in length and able to carry 8–10 crews. The kakap jeram's hull is planked and built with frames, made by ''meranti'' (dipterocarp) wood. It has carved figurehead and ornamented sternpost. A washstrake made of bamboo splits sewn together with bamboo withies, and held in position by lashings. A heavy beam is fitted forward and used for winding th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garay (ship)
''Garay'' were traditional native warships of the Banguingui people in the Philippines. In the 18th and 19th centuries, they were commonly used for piracy by the Banguingui and Iranun people against unarmed trading ships and raids on coastal settlements in the regions surrounding the Sulu Sea. History Most ''garay'' were built in the shipyards of Parang, Sulu in the late 18th century. During the early 19th century, Banguingui ''garay'' squadrons regularly plagued the straits of southern Palawan from the months of March to November each year. They raided coastal areas in northern Borneo for slaves as well as cut off trade into the Sultanate of Brunei. These attacks severely affected the economy of Brunei, leading to its decline. The Banguingui purportedly had a saying: "It is difficult to catch fish, but easy to catch Borneans." Description ''Garay'' were smaller, faster, and more maneuverable than the Iranun ''lanong'' warships. They had a much broader beam and a somewhat round ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djong (ship)
The djong, jong, or jung (also called junk in English) is a type of ancient sailing ship originating from Java, Indonesia that was widely used by Javanese, Sundanese, and later Malay sailors. The word was and is spelled ''jong'' in its languages of origin, the "djong" spelling being the colonial Dutch romanization. Djongs are used mainly as seagoing passenger and cargo vessels. They traveled as far as the Atlantic Ocean in the medieval era.Carta IX, 1 April 1512. In Pato, Raymundo Antonio de Bulhão; Mendonça, Henrique Lopes de (1884). Cartas de Affonso de Albuquerque, Seguidas de Documentos que as Elucidam tomo I' (pp. 29–65). Lisboa: Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencas. Their tonnage ranged from 40 to 2000 deadweight tons,The tonnage used in this page (unless stated otherwise) is DWT or deadweight tonnage, a measure of how much cargo a ship can carry, including the weight of passenger and supplies. with an average deadweight of 1200–1400 tons during the Majapahit era ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benawa
Benawa or banawa is a type of ship from Gowa, an old principality in the southwest corner of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The earliest record of this vessel is from Hikayat Banjar, which was written in or not long after 1663. In the present, this vessel is already extinct; being replaced by vessels with a similar hull, namely palari and padewakang. Etymology The word ''benawa'' or ''banawa'' comes from the kawi Javanese language, which means boat or ship. In the old Javanese language the word ''banawa'' means ''perahu'' or ship. In different languages, the word may refer to a different type of vessel, depending on the context of the sentence. Description The benawa was made for transporting horses and buffaloes. The hull is wide with a convex keel, with a high front and back stem and sternpost. On either side, there are paths attached to a number of transverse beams that are attached to the supports. The secondary function of these beams is to divide the deck space into equal compartme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balangay
A Balangay, or barangay is a type of lashed-lug boat built by joining planks edge-to-edge using pins, dowels, and fiber lashings. They are found throughout the Philippines and were used largely as trading ships up until the colonial era. The oldest known balangay are the Butuan boats, which have been carbon-dated to 320 AD and were recovered from several sites in Butuan, Agusan del Norte. Balangay were the first wooden watercraft excavated in Southeast Asia. Balangay are celebrated annually in the Balanghai Festival of Butuan City. Names ''Balangay'' was one of the first native words the Europeans learned in the Philippines. The Venetian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta, who was with Ferdinand Magellan when setting foot in the Philippines in 1521 called the native boats ''balangai'' or ''balanghai''. This word appears as either ''balangay'' or ''barangay'', with the same meaning, in all the major languages of the Philippines. Early colonial Spanish dictionaries make it clear t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samudra Raksa
Samudra Raksa (Old Javanese: Defender of the seas) is a replica ship built in 2003 based on the relief of ships in the Borobudur temple. In the late 20th century, Philip Beale, a British sailor, became interested in depictions of the ship at Borobudur and decided to reconstruct one. Aided by government and international bodies, he organized an expedition team that constructed the ship and, from 2003 to 2004, sailed it from Indonesia to Madagascar and to Ghana, proving that long-distance trade could have occurred. The Samudra Raksa Museum was constructed at Borobudur Archeological Park to house the ship, opening in 2005, and provides other displays to interpret the ancient maritime history of Indonesians. Description The keel is 17.29 m long and the hull is about 19 m overall with a beam of 4.25 m and moulded depth of 2.25 m. The sailing draft was approximately 1.5 m. The ship was propelled by two '' layar tanja'' (canted rectangular sails). The hull planking was '' bungor'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiwu Zhi
The ''Yiwu Zhi'' or ''Record of Foreign Matters'', also known as the ''Jiaozhou Yiwu Zhi'' (交州异物志), ''Nanyi Yiwu Zhi'' (南裔异物志), ''Jiaozhi Yiwu Zhi'' (交趾异物志) and ''Yangyilang Zhushu'' (杨议郎著书) amongst others, is a treatise written by Eastern Han court advisor Yáng Fú (杨孚) covering the people, geography, fauna, rice cultivation, fruit, trees, grass, bamboo, insects and fish of the South China Sea region. It is the first written Chinese account of the Lingnan area's produce, production methods and aboriginal customs and uses a detailed methodology that would be adopted as standard by later works of this genre including the ''Nanfang Caomu Zhuang'', ''Linhai Shuishang Yiwu Zhi'' (临海水上异物志), ''Nanzhou Yiwu Zhi'' (南州异物志), ''Hainan Yiwu Zhi'' (凉州异物志), ''Bashu Yiwu Zhi'' (巴蜀异物志), ''Funan Yiwu Zhi'' (扶南异物志), ''Lingnan Yiwu Zhi'' (岭南异物志), ''Nanzhong Bajun Yiwu Zhi'' (南中八郡异 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
K'un-lun Po
K'un-lun po (also called Kun-lun po, Kunlun po, or K'un-lun bo) were ancient sailing ships used by Austronesian sailors from Maritime Southeast Asia, described by Chinese records from the Han Dynasty. In the first millennium AD, these ships connected trade routes between India and China. Ships of this type were still in use until at least the 14th century. History Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, said in his work ''Geography'' (ca. 150 AD) that huge ships came from the east of India. This was also confirmed by an anonymous work called '' Periplus Marae Erythraensis''. Both mention a type of ship called ''kolandiaphonta'' (also known as ''kolandia'', ''kolandiapha'', and ''kolandiapha'' ''onta''), which is a straightforward transcription of the Chinese word ''K'un-lun po''—meaning "ships of '' Kun-lun''", the Chinese name for Sumatra and/or Java.K'un-lun's meaning differs according to the context and year of its use. In this case it refers to the inhabitants of Southeast Asia The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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